scholarly journals Assistance of Gut Microbiota in Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6-S) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Reeja T Reji ◽  
Krishna Ravi ◽  
R. Sambath Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Brain

The association between gut microbiota and mental health is a relatively new research topic that has gained traction in recent years. Depression is a serious mental illness and a leading cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. Based on the WHO reports, there are approximately 350 million people affected by depression globally. Currently available treatments can temporarily alleviate the symptoms of depressive illness, but these management plans are unable to completely reverse the multifactorial pathology of depression, and the antidepressant medications may produce side effects and adverse drug reactions which may turn down the quality of life of patients. Research has shown that the gut microflora interacts with the brain through various mechanisms, and this leads to the recognition of the microbiome in managing mental health. By unveiling the complexities involved in this area can help to develop novel strategies to treat the depressed patients and to prevent the public from falling to depressive disorder. Keywords: Gut microbiome, depression, neurotransmitters

scholarly journals Measuring the brain-gut axis in Psychological Sciences: a necessary challenge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Palacios-Garcia ◽  
Francisco J. Parada
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
4E Cognition ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive process and associated states such as wellbeing are embodied, in a process of phylogenetic and ontogenic interdependencies, encompassing an organism’s both internal and external environments. Diurnal mammals’ physiology has been enslaved by the day/night cycle, imposed to planet Earth from the cosmos. Mammals’ physiology is furthermore entangled to the micro-dynamics of small organisms, imposed onto the body through the development of a symbiotic relationship unfolding throughout ontogeny and phylogeny. Therefore, adequate scientific study of human behavior will include as many levels as possible: socio-cultural, psychological, microbiological, etc. The brain-gut-microbiota topic represents a fascinating opportunity to expand our knowledge about cognition, mental health, and life in general. It is important to frame this research topic from multiple perspectives including biological/medical sciences, public policy, architecture, urbanism, and psychology. Furthermore, recent philosophical and epistemological advances, under the 4E-cognition framework, will help the integration of evidence, providing new insights and novel hypotheses.

Evaluation of a Housing First programme for people from the public mental health sector with severe and persistent mental illnesses and precarious housing: Housing, health and service use outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110117
Author(s):  
David Robert Dunt ◽  
Susan Elizabeth Day ◽  
Laura Collister ◽  
Beth Fogerty ◽  
Rosie Frankish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Mental Health Service Use ◽  
The Public

Aims and context: This paper reports the evaluation of the Doorway program (2015-18) in Melbourne, Australia. Doorway extends the original Housing First (HF) model in providing housing support to people with precarious housing at-risk of homelessness with Serious and Persistent Mental Illnesses (SPMIs) receiving care within Victoria’s public mental health system. Doorway participants source and choose properties through the open rental market, and receive rental subsidies, assistance, advocacy and brokerage support through their Housing and Recovery Worker (HRW). The aim of this study is to estimate Doorway’s impact on participants’ housing, quality of life and mental health service use. Methodology: The study employed a a quasi-experimental study design with a comparison group, adjusted for ten potential confounders. The primary outcome measure was days of secure housing per participant. Secure housing status, health service usage and quality of life (HoNOS) data were extracted from participants’ electronic hospital and Doorway records in deidentified, non-reidentifiable form. Analysis for continuous outcome variables was based on multivariate GLM modelling. Results: Doorway housed 89 (57%) of 157 accepted participants. The 157 Doorway participants overall were also housed for significantly more days (119.4 extra days per participant) than control participants, albeit after some delay in locating and moving into housing (mean 14 weeks). There was a significant, positive Doorway effect on health outcomes (all and one dimension of the HoNOS). Doorway participants had significantly reduced length of stay during acute and community hospital admissions (7.4 fewer days per participant) compared with the control group. Conclusion: The Doorway model represents a new and substantial opportunity to house, enhance health outcomes and reduce mental health service use for people with SPMIs from the public mental health sector and at-risk of homelessness.

scholarly journals Perspective: Standards for Research and Reporting on Low-Energy (“Artificial”) Sweeteners

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Mela ◽  
John McLaughlin ◽  
Peter J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Widely differing views exist among experts, policy makers, and the general public with regard to the potential risks and benefits of reduced- or low-energy sweeteners (LES) in the diet. These views are informed and influenced by different types of research in LES, with differing hypotheses, designs, interpretation, and communication. Given the high level of interest in LES, and the public health relevance of the research evidence base, it is important that all aspects of the research process are framed and reported in an appropriate and balanced manner. In this Perspective, we identify and give examples of a number of issues relating to research and reviews on LES, which may contribute toward apparent inconsistencies in the content and understanding of the totality of evidence. We conclude with a set of recommendations for authors, reviewers and journal editors, as general guidance to improve and better standardize the quality of LES research design, interpretation, and reporting. These focus on clarity of underlying hypotheses, characterization of exposures, and the placement and weighting of new research within the wider context of related prior work.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Alisoun Milne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Field

In the conclusion, ways forward, located in five cross cutting domains, are proposed. Firstly, if many of the factors that place an older person at risk of impaired mental health are lifecourse and age-related inequalities it is axiomatic that policy should address these. Secondly, as the link between inequalities and health is accepted in the public health field, adopting a public mental health approach may hold considerable potential. There is also scope to refocus policy, services and practice in the dementia arena, including public and policy acknowledgment that some dementia risks are located in the lifecourse. Thirdly, when services are offered within the context of an older person’s lifecourse and life narrative it is possible to adopt a truly person-centred approach that upholds dignity and promotes quality of life. Refocusing research lenses is a fourth issue. This includes developing a concept of ‘late lifeadversity’, engaging to a greater degree with older people’s perspectives and effectively capturing links between lifecourse factors and mental health outcomes. Fifthly, there is a need to make visible the neo-liberal values that underpin policy. Mental health in later life is a political issue as well as a research, policy, service and health related concern.

scholarly journals Can Gut Microbiota and Lifestyle Help Us in the Handling of Anorexia Nervosa Patients?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Mendez-Figueroa ◽  
Jose Biscaia ◽  
Rosa Mohedano ◽  
Ascension Blanco-Fernandez ◽  
Maria Bailen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Sensory Abnormalities ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

Gut microbiota is composed of different microorganisms that play an important role in the host. New research shows that bidirectional communications happen between intestinal microbiota and the brain, which is known as the gut–brain axis. This communication is significant and could have a negative or positive effect depending on the state of the gut microbiota. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental illness associated with metabolic, immunologic, biochemical, sensory abnormalities, and extremely low body weight. Different studies have shown a dysbiosis in patients with AN. Due to the gut–brain axis, it was observed that some of the symptoms could be improved in these patients by boosting their gut microbiota. This paper highlights some evidence connecting the role of microbiota in the AN onset and disease progress. Finally, a proposal is done to include the microbiota analysis as part of the recovery protocol used to treat AN patients. When conducting clinical studies of gut microbiota in AN patients, dysbiosis is expected to be found. Then the prescription of a personalized treatment rich in prebiotics and probiotics could be proposed to reverse the dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety and Type-A personality in patients with eye’s disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nada Pop Jordanova ◽  
Jovanka Ristova ◽  
Sofija Loleska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Type A ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Type A Personality ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Ophthalmological problems have a great influence on the quality of life, employment and everyday activities. In this context they are an important issue in the public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety, depression as well as type-A personality in a sample of 40 ophthalmological patients. The results obtained showed moderate anxiety, moderate depression, as well as different type of personality related to the diagnosis. Scores obtained for psychometric tests are related to the age, but not to the gender. Research confirmed that depressive symptoms and anxiety may not only aggravate symptoms of eye disease, but also affect other psychological systems forming a vicious circle. With a change of the medical model, medical professionals are placing an increasing emphasis on the mental health of patients. It is an imperative to introduce social measures for improvement of the health. These findings highlight an important mental health issue in eye disease patients.

scholarly journals ОД ГЛОБАЛНЕ БИОЕТИКЕ ДО НЕУРОЕТИКЕ/FROM GLOBAL BIOETHICS TO NEUROETHICS

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1457
Author(s):  
Веселин Митровић
Keyword(s):  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
Illness Prevention ◽  
Single Discipline ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Certain Answers

This paper is a sociological analysis of the development, possible range, and real effects of one of the latest disciplines to emerge - neuroethics as well as bioethics. The starting premise is that the humanities perspective to a medical and philosophical discipline contributes to the very research done by neuroethics itself. This premise is significant given that the study of the brain surpasses current epistemological frameworks, forcing the examination of whether we perhaps need a new “brain” epistemology. New research on the brain, consciousness, and artificial intelligence has presented the public at large with a myriad of benefits in medicine and illness prevention; however, at the same time, it has opened certain social and ethical questions. The projected possibilities in the development of brain medication and interventions have motivated certain scientists today to speak of neuroscience exclusively from the perspective of bioethics. In other words, the challenges to human survival are directly linked to artificially caused advancements in human consciousness, cognition, intelligence, and to an extent even morality, insofar as these characteristics and capacities depend on biochemical and molecular processes. Considering the potentially real societal consequences of such development of a single discipline, we thought it relevant to seek certain answers by analyzing dilemmas and particular medical cases, along with their effects, through the optics of social, humanities, and biomedical phenomena.

scholarly journals Brain Neurotransmitter Modulation by Gut Microbiota in Anxiety and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang ◽  
Xiaojun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitter ◽  
The Brain

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent mental illnesses worldwide and have long been thought to be closely associated to neurotransmitter modulation. There is growing evidence indicating that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are related to mental health including anxiety and depression. In this review, we focus on combining the intestinal microbiota with serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neurotransmission in brain, with special emphasis on the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in stress-related rodent models. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted on germ-free rodents, or in animals subjected to microbiota absence using antibiotics, as well as via the usage of probiotics. All the results strongly support that the brain neurotransmitter modulation by gut microbiota is indispensable to the physiopathology of anxiety and depression. However, a lot of work is needed to determine how gut microbiota mediated neurotransmission in human brain has any physiological significance and, if any, how it can be used in therapy. Overall, the gut microbiota provides a novel way to alter neurotransmitter modulation in the brain and treat gut–brain axis diseases, such as anxiety and depression.

Job Involvement: A Brief of Literature

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Zafrul Allam ◽  
Rezene Habtemariam
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Involvement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Task Identity ◽  
Job Enrichment ◽  
Public Sectors

Job involvement is an integral and growing concept in organizational behaviour. This paper surveys the literature on job involvement. The studies reviewed reveals that job satisfaction, stress, commitment, job authority, job enrichment, task identity, mental health, age, tenure, job anxiety, quality of life and burnout has been found significantly related with job involvement. It has also been observed that job involvement was higher among private sectors employees as compared to those in the public sectors.

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