scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ON CHANGES IN THE HEART RATE OF RATS SUBJECT TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3310-3315
Author(s):  
Bulat Ildarovich Vakhitov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Time

For the first time, studies have been conducted to study the reaction of animal heart rate to various modes of motor activity after a traumatic brain injury. It was revealed that on the first day after modeling an open head injury in rats of all age groups, a pronounced increase in heart rate was observed. In this case, the smallest heart rate response to brain injury is observed in animals of immature age. It was found that the implementation of systematic dynamic exercises by animals of mature and preschool age after modeling a craniocerebral injury contributes to a significant decrease in heart rate. A more pronounced formation of training bradycardia is observed in immature animals. It was revealed that limiting motor activity and performing isometric exercises after a traumatic brain injury maintain heart rate at an increased level in all age groups of animals and significantly inhibits the natural, age-related decrease in heart rate in immature animals.

scholarly journals Age-related aspects of parasitic morbidity among children in Perm

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
E. A. Kochergina ◽  
Yu. N. Proskurnova ◽  
M. O. Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Perm Region

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among children, who live in the city of Perm. Materials and methods. We have retrospectively analyzed the monthly reports of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Perm Region for 20152020. These reports include the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among four age groups of children: from 1 month to 2 years, 36 years, 714 and 1517 years. Results. Enterobiosis, ascariasis and toxocarosis predominate in the structure of the morbidity in the city of Perm. We found that over the past five years, there has been an increase in the incidence of enterobiosis by 16 %, but the increase in the incidence of ascariasis and toxocarosis reduced 18 and 25 %, respectively. The rate of decline remains insufficient and the incidence of enterobiosis exceeds the All-Russian one by 2.8 times, ascariasis by 2.7 times and toxocarosis by 4.3 times in comparison with the incidence of parasitic infestations in the Russian Federation. We found that the peak incidence of each nosology falls on the preschool age from 3 to 6 years. Just at this age period, children enter organized groups for the first time, get acquainted with the world through "taste it" and have low sanitary skills. Conclusions. A routine parasitic screening is effective, since in 2020, more than a half of sick children in Perm were identified during preventive examinations (65.7 %) and only in 34.3 % of cases the diagnosis of parasitic infestation was established on the basis of clinical data.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF β, α1 AND α2-ADRENO RECEPTORS IN THE REGULATION OF THE HEART RATE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS EXPOSED TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
A.V. Shigapova ◽  
◽  
I.Kh. Vakhitov ◽  
R.S. Safin ◽  
I.R. Ibatullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Motor Mode ◽  
First Time

For the first time, studies were conducted to study the features of the heart rate response of laboratory animals exposed to various modes of motor activity when administered with β, α1 and α2-blockers. It was found that in all the experimental groups of animals studied, a decrease in the heart rate response was observed in the first week after the introduction of β, α1 and α2-adreno blockers. It was revealed that the initial reaction of the heart rate on the introduction of β, α1 and α2-blockers depends on the level of motor activity of laboratory animals. It was found that the most pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the introduction of different subtypes of adreno-blockers is observed in the group of animals with limited motor activity. At the same time, the smallest decrease in the heart rate response occurs in the group of animals subject to enhanced motor mode. It was revealed that in the group of experimental animals, during further muscle training, by the end of the fourth week, there was a less pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the administration of β, α1 and α2-adreno blockers. It was found that in a group of animals subject to a regime of limited motor activity, by the end of the fourth week of hypokinesia, the most pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the introduction of β, α1-targeted blockers occurs.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE REACTION OF THE HEART RATE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS EXPOSED TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY DURING ADMINISTRATION β, α1 AND α2-ADRENO STIMULANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
A.V. Shigapova ◽  
◽  
I.H. Vakhitov ◽  
R.H. Ravilov ◽  
A.H. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

For the first time, studies have been conducted to study the features of the heart rate response of laboratory animals exposed to various modes of motor activity when administered β, α1 and α2-adrenostimulants. It was found that in animal’s subject to a regime of limited motor activity, i.e. hypokinesia, the heart rate response to the introduction of β and α1-adreno stimulators remains at a high level. It was revealed that the regime of systematic muscle training significantly contributes to the reduction of this reaction. It was found that in the process of systematic muscle training of animals, there is also a significant decrease in the heart rate response to the introduction of an α2-adrenostimulator. The hypokinesia mode keeps this reaction at a high level.

scholarly journals Age-related carbon dioxide reactivity in children after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tensing Maa ◽  
Keith Owen Yeates ◽  
Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel ◽  
Nicole F. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reactivity ◽  
Artery Flow

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess carbon dioxide reactivity (CO2R) in children following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled children younger than 18 years old following moderate and severe TBI. Thirty-eight mechanically ventilated children had daily CO2R testing performed by measuring changes in their bilateral middle cerebral artery flow velocities using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) after a transient increase in minute ventilation. The cohort was divided into 3 age groups: younger than 2 years (n = 12); 2 to 5 years old (n = 9); and older than 5 years (n = 17). RESULTS Children younger than 2 years old had a lower mean CO2R over time. The 2–5-year-old age group had higher mean CO2R than younger patients (p = 0.01), and the highest CO2R values compared with either of the other age groups (vs > 5 years old, p = 0.046; vs < 2 years old, p = 0.002). Having a lower minimum CO2R had a statistically significant negative effect on outcome at discharge (p = 0.0413). Impaired CO2R beyond Postinjury Day 4 trended toward having an effect on outcome at discharge (p = 0.0855). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal CO2R is prevalent in children following TBI, and the degree of impairment varies by age. No clinical or laboratory parameters were identified as risk factors for impaired CO2R. Lower minimum CO2R values are associated with worse outcome at discharge.

The effect of age on outcome following traumatic brain injury in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hamm ◽  
Larry W. Jenkins ◽  
Bruce G. Lyeth ◽  
Daphne M. White-Gbadebo ◽  
Ronald L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Increase

✓ Age of the patient is one of the most important predictors of outcome following human traumatic brain injury. This study employs the fluid-percussion model to investigate the effects of aging on outcome following traumatic brain injury in rats. The results revealed that there was an age-associated increase in mortality rate following both low (1.7 to 1.8 atm) and moderate (2.00 to 2.25 atm) levels of traumatic brain injury. Age-related changes in systemic physiological, neurological, and histopathological indexes of brain injury were also examined following a low level of traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury produced equivalent acute hypertension and increased plasma glucose levels in both young adult and aging rats. Injury produced an acute increase in heart rate in the young adult rat group, while the heart rate decreased in the aged rats. At low levels of brain injury, no significant gross histopathological alterations were produced in either age group. Neurological outcome was assessed by measuring the duration of suppression of a number of nonpostural and postural reflexes and more complex somatomotor functions (righting, escape, head support). Except for head support, there was a significant age-related increase in the duration of the suppression of these reflexes following brain injury. These data demonstrate that aging is associated with an increased mortality rate and greater acute neurological deficits following traumatic brain injury. These data also demonstrate the usefulness of the fluid-percussion model for studying the mechanisms responsible for the age-related increase in vulnerability to brain injury.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Abstract P127: Gender and Fitness Status Influence Age-related Decline in Peak Heart Rate Achievement: Insight From the FIT Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Ahmed ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Clinton A Brawner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
History Of ◽  
Separate Regression

Background: The declines in peak heart rate (HR) and fitness level with age are related; however, whether this association differs based on gender is not well appreciated. In a large cross-sectional cohort of women and men referred for a clinically indicated exercise treadmill test (ETT), we set out to determine whether the decrease in peak HR by age varied by gender (and fitness) in the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) project. Methods: We analyzed data on 38,196 apparently-healthy patients aged 18-96 [mean age 51 ± 12 yrs, 25% black, 48% women] who completed an ETT. Those with history of coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes on medications, atrial fibrillation or flutter, or taking AV nodal blocking medications were excluded. Being “fit” was defined as achieving ≥ the median MET level for each sex/age-decile group. Peak HR vs age was plotted, and regression lines were used to determine the intercept and slope for each group. Results: Men had higher peak HR than women but with a greater decline over time; the respective intercepts and slopes for peak HR estimates were 202.9 and 0.90 for men and 197.3 and 0.80 for women, (p-interaction = 0.023). Fit people also started out with higher peak HR but approached unfit people at higher age groups; respective intercept and slope by fitness status were 203.0 and 0.87 for fit and 194.7 and 0.83 for unfit (p-interaction <0.001). Separate regression lines were generated for categories of fit men/unfit men, fit women/unfit women ( Figure ). Fit and unfit men had similar declines in peak HR with increasing age (slope=0.92); whereas fit women (slope=0.81) had a slightly greater decline in peak HR with increasing age than unfit women (slope=0.73). However, peak absolute HR for fit people still remains higher than for unfit people even into elderly ages. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional cohort of patients referred for a clinical ETT, we found that the age-related decline in peak HR is influenced by both gender and fitness status.

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury—the effects of patient age on treatment intensity and mortality

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Skaansar ◽  
Cathrine Tverdal ◽  
Pål Andre Rønning ◽  
Karoline Skogen ◽  
Tor Brommeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Management Intensity ◽  
Treatment Bias ◽  
Head Injury Severity

Abstract Background Ageing is associated with worse treatment outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This association may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy that affects treatment efficacy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of treatment bias in patient outcomes by studying the intensity of diagnostic procedures, treatment, and overall 30-day mortality in different age groups of patients with TBI. Methods Included in this study was consecutively admitted patients with TBI, aged ≥ 15 years, with a cerebral CT showing intracranial signs of trauma, during the time-period between 2015–2018. Data were extracted from our prospective quality control registry for admitted TBI patients. As a measure of management intensity in different age groups, we made a composite score, where placement of intracranial pressure monitor, ventilator treatment, and evacuation of intracranial mass lesion each gave one point. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were performed using logistic multinomial regression. Results A total of 1,571 patients with TBI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age was 58 years (range 15–98), 70% were men, and 39% were ≥ 65 years. Head injury severity was mild in 706 patients (45%), moderate in 437 (28%), and severe in 428 (27%). Increasing age was associated with less management intensity, as measured using the composite score, irrespective of head injury severity. Multivariate analyses showed that the following parameters had a significant association with an increased risk of death within 30 days of trauma: increasing age, severe comorbidities, severe TBI, Rotterdam CT-score ≥ 3, and low management intensity. Conclusion The present study indicates that the management intensity of hospitalised patients with TBI decreased with advanced age and that low management intensity was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. This suggests that the high mortality among elderly TBI patients may have an element of treatment bias and could in the future be limited with a more aggressive management regime.

Marked Increase in Incident Gynecomastia: A 20-Year National Registry Study, 1998 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 3134-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Koch ◽  
Elvira V Bräuner ◽  
Alexander S Busch ◽  
Martha Hickey ◽  
Anders Juul
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Danish Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient ◽  
First Time

Abstract Context Gynecomastia, the proliferation of mammary glandular tissue in the male, is a frequent but little-studied condition. Available prevalence data are based on selected patient populations or autopsy cases with their inherent bias. Objective The objective of this work is to evaluate the age-related incidence and secular trends in gynecomastia in the general population. Design An observational, 20-year national registry study was conducted. Setting This population-based study used nationwide registry data. Participants Participants included all Danish males (age 0-80 years) with a first-time diagnosis of gynecomastia. Main Outcome Measures All Danish males (age 0-80 years) were followed up for incident diagnosis of gynecomastia in the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2017 using the International Codes of Diseases, 10th revision, and the Danish Health Care Classification System. Age-specific incidence rates were estimated. The hypothesis tested in this study was formulated prior to data collection. Results Overall, a total 17 601 males (age 0-80 years) were registered with an incident diagnosis of gynecomastia within the 20-year study period, corresponding to 880 new cases per year and an average 20-year incidence of 3.4 per 10 000 men (age 0-80 years). The average annual incidence was 6.5/10 000 in postpubertal males age 16 to 20 years and 4.6/10 000 in males age 61 to 80 years, with a respective 5- and 11-fold overall increase in these 2 age groups over the 20-year period. Conclusions The incidence of gynecomastia has dramatically increased over the last 20 years, implying that the endogenous or exogenous sex-steroid environment has changed, which is associated with other adverse health consequences in men such as an increased risk of prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disorders.

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