scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IGG ANTIBODIES, POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS AND AWARENESS OF CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AMONG FEMALE DOCTORS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Abdullah Almoaish ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Manal Mutahar Ali Al- Hajj ◽  
Samera Muthanna Nasser Dainamah ◽  
Anwar G Al-Madhaji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Female staff in children-Mother care hospitals may run an increased risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) contact infection leading to a congenital CMV feto-pathy during pregnancy. Also, because of limited treatment options for congenital cytomegalovirus infection, preventive strategies are important so knowledge and awareness among doctors are essential for the success of preventive strategies. Thus this study was carried out to determine the positive rate of IgG among female doctors at age bearing who care for children and mothers in Sana'a hospitals. Also, to investigate the knowledge of congenital CMV among doctors involved in the study. This cross sectional study was carried out for one year (June 2017- June 2018); 178 Yemeni female doctors were included in this study. 23 (12.9%) of the total female doctors were pediatrics, 32(18%) gynecology and obstetrics, 9 (5.1%) Oto-rhinolaryngology and 114 (64%) were general practices. Blood samples were collected from all participants and tested for IgG antibodies of HCMV by ELISA. The individual's data were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire including; demographic data, risk factors. Also, a questionnaire on CMV infection was answered by doctors on the knowledge concerning epidemiology, transmission, symptoms and signs of CMV infection in adults and children; and treatment options. 13.4% of female doctors were negative (HCMV IgG <9 SU), while the rest (86.6%) were positive (HCMV IgG ≥ 11 SU). There was escalate trend of positive HCMV IgG antibodies rate with increasing age, significance association between sero-positive HCMV IgG antibodies and parity (OR=3.1, p=0.01), 1-3 pregnancy rate (OR=2.2, p=0.05), and history of surgery (OR=3.8, p=0.01). Most of the doctors were aware that most healthy adults and pregnant women do not experience any symptoms of a CMV infection (66.8%); and only one-fifth of the respondents were aware that kissing, and changing diapers, are risk factors for the transmission of CMV. Also, only half of the total respondents were aware that microcephaly (59%), and hearing loss (56.7%) could be symptoms of congenital CMV. This study revealed that the HCMV is highly endemic in our population where the prevalence of IgG among the medical female doctors was 86.5%, thus HCMV should be considered as a possible cause of morbidity and mortality in fetus and might in mothers in Yemen. Increasing knowledge and awareness is expected to enhance the prevention of transmission, to improve recognition, and to stimulate diagnostic investigations and follow-up programs.

Prevalence of Types, Frequency and Risk Factors for Complications after Exodontia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Impacted Tooth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Background: Exodontia is one of the most frequently carried out procedures by a dental surgeon, mostly on an outpatient department basis. The reasons for performing exodontia include non-restorable teeth, periodontal disease, dental trauma, impacted tooth, orthodontic treatment and toothache. Complications in dental extraction are a commonly encountered problem in dental clinics. This knowledge can help dental surgeons make extractions less invasive, traumatic and complicated, enabling quicker recovery of the socket. The aim of this study was to recognize types, frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who had exodontia done from July- September 2019, visiting OPD of the Oral surgery department of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Risk factors included demographic data, general health, past medical and dental history. Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish any relationship of variables with complications. Results: The study patients (126) included 72 females (mean age 39.1±13.39) and 54 males (mean age 41.1±14.93). The overall complications rate was found to be 7.1%, mainly arising from maxillary and mandibular third molars. The most common complications encountered were Hemorrhage, Pain, and Trismus. Increasing age and specific teeth extracted were associated with an increased risk for complications. However, post-operative complications which were encountered most of them were minor and handled on an outpatient department basis. Conclusion: Frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia were found low3 (37.5%). While age and teeth extracted cannot be directly altered, these factors maybe indirectly modified, resulting in a potential decrease of postoperative complications.

scholarly journals Drug use and risk factors among school adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Bárbara De Oliveira Prado Sousa ◽  
Ana Carina Stelko-Pereira ◽  
Érika De Cássia Lopes Chaves ◽  
Denis Da Silva Moreira ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family System ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
School Context ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Significant Damage

 This study evaluated the association between risk factors and severity of problems related to drug use in secondary school adolescents. This study had the participation of 1192 students from 6th to 9th year of a city in the South of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection occurred through a questionnaire containing: socio-demographic data and the Drug Use Screening Inventory. Drug use was prevalent in adolescents aged 14 and 15 years, atheist, with good family relationships, living with friends/institutions, attended parties once a month, one or two times a week and three and four times a week. There was main damage in the areas of psychiatric disorders, family system and social competence among those who made use of drugs (except alcohol and tobacco). The results point to the need for implementation of preventive strategies of drug use and health promotion in the school context, whereas consumption was associated with significant damage. 

scholarly journals Peripartum Predictors of the Risk of Postpartum Depressive Disorder: Results of a Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Zaręba ◽  
Jolanta Banasiewicz ◽  
Hanna Rozenek ◽  
Stanisław Wójtowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Jakiel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study ◽  
Control Study

Background: The study aimed at the identification of the risk factors present during delivery, which might be present in prophylactic programs concerning postpartum mood disorders. Material and Method: This was a retrospective comparative study. The study material included data retrieved from the medical records of patients hospitalized in the Teaching Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Professor Orłowski Hospital in Warsaw, in the years 2010–2017. The EPDS data of 604 patients were analyzed. The study group included 75 women who obtained at least 12 points in the EPDS and the control group was made up of 75 women who obtained no more than 5 points in the EPDS. Results: The women in whom we noted an increased risk of developing mood disorders had blood loss >1000 mL and had a significantly longer stage II and III of labor than the control group. Other risk factors were cesarean section, vaginal delivery with the curettage of the uterine cavity, slightly lower APGAR scores (0.4 pts), and lower birth weight (approximately 350 g) of the child. Women at a low risk of postpartum mood disorders more commonly underwent episiotomy during delivery (76%). Conclusions: Increased supervision and support should be offered to women who experienced the above-mentioned risk factors.

P1667ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR CMV DISEASE IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS - SINGLE CENTER STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Hanzal ◽  
Janka Slatinska ◽  
Petra Hruba ◽  
Ondrej Viklicky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cmv Disease ◽  
Cmv Prophylaxis

Abstract Background and Aims Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and infection negatively influence outcome of kidney transplantation. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze risk factors for CMV disease and its influence on kidney graft function and survival. Method 1050 patients underwent kidney transplantation from January 2014 to December 2018 and received calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil and steroid-based immunosuppression. Recipients with PRA&gt;20% received rATG while others had received basiliximab as induction. 825 out of 1050 patients (78.6%) received CMV prophylaxis (D+/R-, n=173; R+, n=652). Patients were followed up to 71 months /median 38 months/. Results CMV tissue invasive disease occurred in 49 out of 1050 patients (4.7%), while CMV infection in 87 patients (8.3%). CMV disease, but not CMV infection, had significant negative influence on graft survival at 5 years post transplantation (p=0.0029). Patients with CMV disease had significantly worse graft function at 4 years post transplantation (p&lt;0.0001). CMV disease occurred in 31 out of 173 patients (17.9%) in D+/R- group vs. 18 out of 652 patients (2.8%) in R+ group. Incidence of CMV infection was 30/173 patients (17.3%) in D+/R- group vs. 57/652 patients (8.7%) with induction therapy. Shortening of CMV prophylaxis was found in 82 patients (9.9%). Leukopenia (≤ 2.0 x 109/L) was observed in 97 (11.7%) patients from those who received CMV prophylaxis, Its shortening significantly increased risk for both CMV infection (20,7% vs. 7.2%, p&lt;0,0001) and CMV disease (8,5% vs. 4,2%, p=0,04). Among most significant risk factors for CMV disease in univariable analysis were CMV mismatch (OR 11, 95% CI: 5,9-20,4; p&lt;0,0001), delayed graft function (OR 2,8, 95% CI: 1,6-5,1; p&lt;0,0001, cadaveric donor (OR 6, 95% CI: 1,5-25,1; p=0,00013) and shortening of CMV prophylaxis (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 0,91-4,86; p=0,08). Multivariable analysis revealed as independent significant predictors of CMV disease DGF (OR 2,29, 95% CI: 1,2-4,3; p=0,01) and CMV mismatch (OR 10,8, 95% CI: 5,7-20,6; p&lt;0.0001) in a model adjusted for type of donor, prophylaxis shortening and leukopenia. Conclusion CMV mismatch is the main independent predictor of CMV disease after kidney transplantation in multivariable analysis.

scholarly journals Aortic Dissection in a Pregnant Patient without Other Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Priya V. Patel ◽  
Raanan Alter ◽  
Recia Frenn ◽  
Thaddeus P. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Aortic Rupture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Background. An aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition in which the intima of the artery tears causing separation of the intima and media. Pregnancy places women at a significantly increased risk of common vascular events including venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke, while also increasing the risk of rarer vascular events such as aortic dissection and aortic rupture. Case. A 30-year-old previously healthy multiparous woman presenting at 36 weeks of pregnancy with a Type A aortic dissection. She underwent a combined emergent cesarean delivery followed by repair of her aortic root. Conclusions. Aortic dissection should be high on the differential for pregnant patients presenting with the characteristic complaints and physical exam findings given the high mortality rate associated with this vascular event. Teaching Points. (1) This report reviews the characteristic presentation, risk factors, and physical exam findings in a patient with an aortic dissection. (2) The report includes treatment options for pregnant patients based on the classification of the dissection.

Neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in Tehran, Iran, using Guthrie cards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samileh Noorbakhsh ◽  
Mohammad Farhadi ◽  
Faezeh Haghighi ◽  
Sara Minaeian ◽  
Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Effective Counseling ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Guthrie Cards ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Background and Objectives: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) constitutes the most common viral cause of congenital infections in newborns worldwide. There are a significant number of asymptomatic newborns with congenital CMV infection in Iran, which may develop long-term sequelae of infection. Unfortunately, limited data exsists from Iran on the rate of congenital CMV infection among neonates. The current study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of congenital CMV infection among Iranian neonates by testing Guthrie cards. Materials and Methods: Guthrie cards were collected from infants within 2 weeks of life, and total DNA was extracted from samples by thermal shock and evaluated for CMV DNA using nested-PCR assay. CMV infection in newborns was confirmed through a commercial CMV PCR kit. Infected infants underwent further evaluation at the hospital. Results: CMV infection was identified in four of 1174 infants (0.34%) which is approximately 3 cases per 1000 live births. Infected infants were asymptomatic at birth and had a normal hearing status similar to other children. There were no factors in relation with CMV infection among newborns. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, infected infants with congenital CMV infection could identify at early stage by testing Guthrie cards (within 21 days of life). Furthermore, since there is a lack of CMV knowledge in our popula- tion, educating and effective counseling by obstetricians/ gynecologists to the pregnant women are recommended.  

Early high CMV seroprevalence in pregnant women from a population with a high rate of congenital infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 2187-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. YAMAMOTO ◽  
R. A. C. CASTELLUCCI ◽  
D. C. ARAGON ◽  
M. M. MUSSI-PINHATA
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Congenital Cmv

SUMMARYCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection rates increase with maternal seroprevalence due to transmission from maternal non-primary infection. CMV seroprevalence estimates of pregnant women are needed for planning strategies against congenital CMV transmission. We aimed to determine the age-specific prevalence of serum antibodies for CMV in a representative age-stratified sample of unselected pregnant women from a Brazilian population. A total of 985 pregnant women, aged 12–46 years (median 24 years), were enrolled. Overall CMV seroprevalence was 97% (95% confidence interval 95·8–98·0), with age-specific (years) prevalence as follows: 12–19 (96·3%), 20–24 (97·7%), 25–29 (97·1%), and 30–46 (96·7%). CMV seroprevalence is almost universal (97%) and is found at similar levels in pregnant women of ages ranging from 12 to 46 years. Because high CMV seroprevalence is found even in women of a younger age in this population, this finding suggests that the majority of primary CMV infections occur early, in infancy or childhood. As a consequence, vaccines currently under development to prevent primary infection may not be a solution for the prevention of congenital CMV infection in this population.

Sternal Anomalies in Asymptomatic Patients after Median Sternotomy and Potential Influencing Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (06) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
Simon Sündermann ◽  
Hatem Alkadhi ◽  
Michele Genoni ◽  
Francesco Maisano ◽  
Maximilian Emmert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background We aimed to assess asymptomatic patients who had open-heart surgery with median sternotomy for potential sternal anomalies (SA), their related patient-specific risk factors, and treatment options for the prevention of SA. Methods Multiplanar CT scans (CTs) from 131 asymptomatic consecutive patients were analyzed retrospectively. Of these, 83 underwent CABG (63.4%), and 48 had aortic valve (AV) procedures via median sternotomy. Sternal bone healing was analyzed for SA and their exact location. Results In total, 49 SA were identified in 42 (32.1%) patients; 65% SA were found in the manubrium (n = 32). Five hundred thirty-two wires were implanted (4.2 ± 0.5 wires/patient), out of which 96.1% (n = 511) were figure 8 wires. There was no difference between normal and abnormal sterna with regard to the number of wires used for sternal closure (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 4.3 ± 0.6, p = ns). The distance between wire placement to the proximal edge of the manubrium in normal and abnormal sterna was comparable (11.2 ± 4.2 vs. 10.9 ± 4.8 mm, p = ns). Patients who underwent CABG had a significantly higher risk for SA (OR = 2.4, p ≤ 0.05, 95% CI [1.2–4.9]). The use of BIMA (OR = 4.4, p ≤ 0.05, 95% CI [1.1–17.9]) and body mass index (BMI) > 31 kg/m2 (OR = 3.4, p ≤ 0.01, 95% CI [1.4–8.3]) significantly increased the risk of SA. Conclusion At least 30% of patients were at an increased risk for SA after receiving a median sternotomy. CABG, use of BIMA, and a BMI > 30 kg/m2 were potential risk factors for the development of SA and warrant close clinical follow-up. Sternal plate fixation, particularly in the manubrium, could be beneficial in such patients.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Analysis of Pulmonary Cement Embolism during Percutaneous Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexin Zou ◽  
Shengjie Dong ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Bing Sun ◽  
Xifa Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fracture ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cement Embolism ◽  
Pulmonary Ct

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the risk factors and incidence of PCE during PKP or PVP for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) based on postoperative computed tomography (CT).Methods: A total of 2344 patients who underwent PVP or PKP due to OVCF in our spine centre were analyzed retrospectively. According to the detection of postoperative pulmonary CT, the patients were divided into two groups: pulmonary cement embolism group (PCE group) and non pulmonary cement embolism group (NPCE group). Demographic data in both groups were compared using the χ2 test for qualitative data and the unpaired t test for quantitative data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify risk factors that were significantly related to the PCE resulting from cement leakage.Results: PCE was found in 34 patients (1.9% 34/1782) with pulmonary CT examination after operation. There was no statistically significant difference in the parameters such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and cement volume in the two groups. Patients with three or more involved vertebrae had a significantly increased risk to suffer from PCE than those with one involved vertebra (p=0.046 OR 2.412 [95% CI 1.017-5.722]). Patients who suffered thoracic fracture had a significantly increased risk to suffer from PCE than those suffered thoracolumbar fracture (p=0.001 OR 0.241 [95% CI 0.105-0.550]). And significantly increased PCE risk also was observed in thoracic fracture compared with Lumbar fracture patients (p=0.028 OR 0.094 [95% CI 0.114-0.779]). The risk of PCE within two weeks after fracture was significantly higher than that after two weeks of fracture (p=0.000 OR 0.178 [95% CI 0.074-0.429]). Patients who underwent PVP surgery had a significantly increased PCE risk than those underwent PKP surgery (p=0.001 OR 0.187 [95% CI 0.069-0.509])Conclusion: The real incidence of PCE is underestimated due to the lack of routine postoperative pulmonary imaging examination. The number of Involved vertebrae, fracture location, operation timing and operation methods are independent risk factors for PCE.

scholarly journals Risk of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in patients with spondyloarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2096261
Author(s):  
Ho Yin Chung ◽  
Lai Shan Tam ◽  
Shirley Chiu Wai Chan ◽  
Jason Pui Yin Cheung ◽  
Pui Yan Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Micro Organisms

Aims: To compare the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and non-specific back pain (NSBP), and to identify the risk factors for CAP in SpA. Methods: A total of 2984 patients with SpA from 11 rheumatology centers and 2526 patients with NSBP from orthopedic units were reviewed from the centralized electronic database in Hong Kong. Incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization and demographic data including age, gender, smoking and drinking status, use of sulfasalazine, individual biological-disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used, micro-organisms, other immunosuppressants or immunosuppressive states, use of steroid for more than ½ year, and co-morbidities were identified. Risks of CAP in SpA were compared with those in NSBP using propensity score regression method. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify the risk factors in SpA. Results: CAP requiring hospitalization was found in 183 patients with SpA and 138 patients with NSBP. Increased risk for CAP was found in the following groups with SpA: all subgroups (hazard ratio (HR) 2.14, p < 0.001), without use of DMARDs (HR 2.64, p < 0.001), without psoriasis and not taking DMARDs (HR 2.38, p < 0.001). Infliximab (HR2.55, p = 0.04), smoking (HR 1.68, p = 0.003), comorbid psoriasis (HR 1.67, p = 0.003), and use of steroid for more than ½ year (HR 1.94, p = 0.003) were found to associate with CAP after adjustments for traditional risk factors. Conclusion: Risk of CAP is increased in patients with SpA. Our data favor universal influenza and pneumococcal vaccination programs in the population. Rheumatologists should also advise smoking cessation and avoid long term steroid therapy.

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