Prevalence of Types, Frequency and Risk Factors for Complications after Exodontia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Impacted Tooth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Background: Exodontia is one of the most frequently carried out procedures by a dental surgeon, mostly on an outpatient department basis. The reasons for performing exodontia include non-restorable teeth, periodontal disease, dental trauma, impacted tooth, orthodontic treatment and toothache. Complications in dental extraction are a commonly encountered problem in dental clinics. This knowledge can help dental surgeons make extractions less invasive, traumatic and complicated, enabling quicker recovery of the socket. The aim of this study was to recognize types, frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who had exodontia done from July- September 2019, visiting OPD of the Oral surgery department of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Risk factors included demographic data, general health, past medical and dental history. Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish any relationship of variables with complications. Results: The study patients (126) included 72 females (mean age 39.1±13.39) and 54 males (mean age 41.1±14.93). The overall complications rate was found to be 7.1%, mainly arising from maxillary and mandibular third molars. The most common complications encountered were Hemorrhage, Pain, and Trismus. Increasing age and specific teeth extracted were associated with an increased risk for complications. However, post-operative complications which were encountered most of them were minor and handled on an outpatient department basis. Conclusion: Frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia were found low3 (37.5%). While age and teeth extracted cannot be directly altered, these factors maybe indirectly modified, resulting in a potential decrease of postoperative complications.

scholarly journals Risk factors for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.  A cross-sectional study in 116,678 people.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyrun F Kjetland ◽  
Karl Trygve Kalleberg ◽  
Camilla Lund Søraas ◽  
Bato Hammarstrøm ◽  
Tor Åge Myklebust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Odds Ratio

Abstract Background The risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission are not well characterised. We sought to identify potential risk factors for transmission and actionable information that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2. Methods Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 at four accredited laboratories were invited. In addition, participants were recruited through a media campaign. Self-reported SARS-CoV-2 test results were compared with laboratory results, demographic data and behavioural facts were collected using a digital platform. In a cross-sectional design positive cases were compared with negative and untested control groups. Findings Approximately 14 days after a countrywide lockdown in Norway, 116,678 participants were included. Median age was 46 years, 44% had children in preschool or in school; 18% were practicing health professionals. International flights, contact with infected individuals, and gatherings of more than 50 people, were associated with increased risk of testing positive. Health professionals who treated COVID-19 patients were at higher risk of testing positive than those who did not. Having undergone light infections, the last six months was strongly associated with lower odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Contact with children, use of hand sanitiser and use of protective gloves in private were also associated with lower odds ratio of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Interpretation Further research is needed to explore if being a parent or looking after children is associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the next phases of the pandemic. Immunological research should be done to determine the effects of prior trivial infections on SARS-CoV-2 infection. We confirm that large gatherings during the pandemic should be avoided and those who are infected, or under suspicion thereof, posed very high risks to others in this population. Registration: Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NTC 04320732, March 25, 2020.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Hameed ◽  
Faisal Faiyaz Zuberi ◽  
Sagheer Hussain ◽  
Syed Khalid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: To evaluate risk factors having significant effect on mortality of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) inpatients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus, Karachi. One hundred and seventy (170) inpatients of smear positive PTB confirmed by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, aged between 13-80 years were enrolled by using consecutive sampling technique while patients with drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB) and extra pulmonary TB were excluded from the study. Selected patients were interviewed for collecting demographic data and risk factor data by using a standard questionnaire. Results: Out of 170 PTB inpatients, mortality was observed in 23 (13.5%) patients among which male patients were 12 (52.2%), and female were 11 (47.8%). Mortality was significantly associated with increasing age (p=0.003), socioeconomic status (p=0.019), anemia (p=0.03), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) (p=0.005), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p=0.001), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (p=0.007), Hypertension (HTN) (p=0.006), recurrent TB (p=0.001), and smoking (p=0.001). Conclusion: Increasing age, poverty, smoking history, and presence of comorbidities like DM, CLD, HIV, hypertension, and anemia are associated with higher mortality in smear positive PTB cases. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 How to cite this:Hameed S, Zuberi FF, Hussain S, Ali SK. Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Presence and Degree of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Coronary Artery Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798831983437
Author(s):  
Lesław Rusiecki ◽  
Romuald Zdrojowy ◽  
Jana Gebala ◽  
Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽  
Ryszard Smoliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Impairment of social functioning and low economic status may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with clinically significant CVD. A total of 808 male patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were recruited. Socioeconomic and demographic data as well as occupational data and the presence of modifiable risk factors were collected. Erection quality was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), while physical activity was evaluated using a modified Framingham questionnaire. Relationships among the presence of socioeconomic factors (marital status, education, income, occupational status, nature of work conducted, and demographic data), intensity of ED, and time from diagnosis of IHD were assessed. ED was diagnosed in 618 men (76.49% overall; severe in 23.14%, moderate to severe in 13.11%, moderate in 32.20%, mild in 31.55%). Patients with ED were older (61 ± 8.6 vs. 53 ± 9.1 years; p < .0001), were less active (6.97 ± 2.18 vs. 8.31 ± 2.34 Metabolic Equivalent [METs]; p < .0001), and had more modifiable risk factors (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0; p < .0300). Higher education was associated with a lower probability of the occurrence of ED (OR = 0.7546; 95% CI [0.6221, 0.9153]). In patients with newly diagnosed IHD, SES correlated significantly with the presence of ED ( p = .009). Education in patients suffering from CVD has a significant relationship with both the occurrence and degree of ED. Economic status was significantly linked to the presence and degree of ED only in patients with IHD diagnosed less than 2 months before entering the study.

scholarly journals Early Osteoporosis Risks and Associated Factors among Caregivers Working in Disability Institutions: IOF One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Check

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3319
Author(s):  
Lan-Ping Lin ◽  
Wei-Ju Lai ◽  
Shang-Wei Hsu ◽  
Jin-Ding Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

This study employed the International Osteoporosis Foundation’s One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test to examine factors related to the osteoporosis risk of institutional caregivers. In this cross-sectional study, a self-developed structured questionnaire comprising the One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test was used to obtain data on the caregivers’ demographic data, health habits, working style, and osteoporosis risk. Seven disability welfare institutions were selected as research sites, and 465 copies of questionnaires were distributed to the institutions’ employees, with 455 valid responses collected for a valid return rate of 98%. SPSS for Windows (Version 20.0) was used to analyze questionnaire data; descriptive-statistical frequency, a χ2 test, and logistic regression were used to determine the correlation between demographic data, health habits, working style, and osteoporosis risk. The results revealed that primary risk factors include <30 min of daily exercise (38%), lack of dairy product or calcium tablet intake (28%), and <10 min of daily outdoor activity or not taking vitamin D supplements (29.9%). In total, 395 (86.8%) of the respondents scored less than 5 in the osteoporosis risk test; the remaining 60 (13.2%) scored 5 or higher, revealing a high risk of early osteoporosis. An independent variable analysis revealed that the risk factors of early osteoporosis include age, education level, having undergone bone density tests, prior disease diagnosis, long-term medication use, physical fitness, dietary habits, and average time of exposure to sunlight. In the multivariate analysis, poor physical fitness (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–4.27, p = 0.023) and average daily time of exposure to sunlight (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.59–2.59, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with osteoporosis risk. In other words, respondents with poor physical fitness were 2.18 times as likely to have osteoporosis as those with good physical fitness, and those exposed to sunlight for 30 min or longer every day were 0.24 times as likely to have osteoporosis as those exposed to sunlight for less than 30 min every day. Accordingly, institutions must encourage employees to spend more time in the sun every day and improve their physical fitness through exercise.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Fracture in Alcohol-dependent, Pre-menopausal Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Fuggle ◽  
Joseph Singer ◽  
Michael A. Clynes ◽  
Beth Curtis ◽  
Pallavi Wyawahare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Use Dependency ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Aims: Alcoholism is known to be associated with increased risk of fracture. This study aimed to study bone turnover following alcohol detoxification and to investigate lifestyle factors for low bone density that might coexist with alcohol dependency, which might be amenable to modification. Method: Pre-menopausal female participants were recruited from an alcohol-use dependency unit to a cross-sectional study. A lifestyle questionnaire, including alcohol history, smoking, physical activity, dietary calcium intake, falls, and fracture history was completed. Quantitative heel ultrasonography was performed and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), t score, and z score were recorded. Blood was taken for bone-turnover markers at baseline and day 5 following admission for alcohol withdrawal.Results: The mean age (SD) of alcohol dependent participants was 41.6 (8.3) years, with participants reporting high levels of current cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and falls. BUA, SOS, t scores, and z scores were lower than the age-matched reference range in alcohol-dependent participants. Levels of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) increased significantly after five days (p < .001). Conclusions: Alcohol-dependent, pre-menopausal individuals have multiple risk factors for fracture, beyond alcohol excess. These should be addressed and targeted as modification may reduce fracture risk, especially given the apparent recovery of bone turnover on the withdrawal of alcohol.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and the Risk Factors of Hepatic Injury in 221 Children With Infectious Mononucleosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Shu Cui ◽  
Guoshun Mao ◽  
Guitao Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr Virus infection is a common acute infectious disease in children. About 40–80% of children with infectious mononucleosis have hepatic injury, and hepatic failure is one of the main causes of death in patients with fatal infectious mononucleosis. Identifying the demographics, presenting clinical characteristics and the risk factors of hepatic injury in infectious mononucleosis children are helpful to remind clinicians which patients are prone to have hepatic damage.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a 31-month retrospective review was performed on all infectious mononucleosis children hospitalized in the pediatric department of Fuyang People's Hospital. Demographic data, presenting features, radiology imaging, clinical and laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes of infectious mononucleosis children were collected.Results: Two-hundred twenty-one infectious mononucleosis inpatients were enrolled, and 43.9% (97/221) patients were considered to have a hepatic injury (defined as alanine amino transaminase &gt; 40 U/L). Compared with patients without hepatic injury, hepatic injury patients were marked with a significantly higher percentage of hepatomegaly (31 vs. 49%), splenomegaly (58 vs. 81%) and palpebral edema (47 vs. 63%), higher age (3.05 ± 2.12 vs. 3.84 ± 2.44), hospitalization days (6.85 ± 2.64 vs. 8.08 ± 2.83), leukocyte (14.24 ± 5.32 vs. 18.53 ± 8.63), lymphocytes (9.48 ± 4.49 vs. 13.80 ± 7.47), the proportion of atypical lymphocytes (0.12 ± 0.07 vs. 0.15 ± 0.08) and aspartate aminotransferase (33.71 ± 10.94 vs. 107.82 ± 93.52). The results of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age (OR = 1.185; 95% CI = 1.035–1.357, p = 0.014), female (OR = 2.002, 95% CI: 0.261–0.955, p = 0.036) and splenomegaly (OR = 2.171, 95% CI: 1.018–4.628, p = 0.045) were independent risk factors of hepatic injury.Conclusions: In this study, the hepatic injury was associated with gender, age, and splenomegaly, which improved our understanding of risk factors about hepatic injury among infectious mononucleosis children.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RURAL NIGERIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY AND A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Anthonia A. Ikpeme*,Nchiewe E. Ani, Edoise M. Isiwele, Andrew E. Ekpenyong,Emmanuel E. Ekanem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross River State

Introduction: Over 80% of cardiovascular deaths take place in low and middle incomecountries. These cardiovascular deaths are caused by modifiable risk factors. Evidenceis emerging that some of these factors maybe even more prevalent in rural areas whichare generally underserved.Aim: The aim of this study was to record risk factors for cardiovascular disease inrural communities in south southern Nigeria and review some related literature.Methods: A cross sectional study during clinical outreach activities that took placein 2016 to 2018 in several rural and few urban communities in Cross River State,Nigeria. Participating individuals gave full consent and ethical clearance obtained.Socio-demographic data, Anthropometric data and Blood sugar measurements wereobtained. Data extracted was transferred into EXCEL thereafter analysis was doneusing SPSS version 21. p values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.Tests of significance included Anova, chi square and student t- tests.Results: Total population investigated over the 3 year period was 504. (2016-33.1%),(2017 -37.9%), (2018 – 28%) with a Female: Male distribution of 1:1.Most participants tended to be overweight across the years 59.7%, 59.1%, 73.7%,2016, 2017, and 2018 respectively. The prevalence of Hypertension was 10.71%. Nosignificant gender difference in the prevalence of Hypertension (6.94% males to 3.77%females, p=0.097). The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 10.67%. There was nosignificant gender prevalence (6.67% males to 4.00% females, p =0.431)Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease remains relatively uncommon in Sub-SaharanAfrica, despite an increasing prevalence of risk factors, but it’s incidence is rising.Steps should be taken in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent an epidemic. This involvesdetailed and regular screening for cardiovascular risk factors in rural communities.Key words: RISK FACTORS, Cardio vascular disease, South South Nigeria.

scholarly journals Identification of factors associated with stillbirth in Zimbabwe – a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kushupika Dube ◽  
Tina Lavender ◽  
Kieran Blaikie ◽  
Christopher J. Sutton ◽  
Alexander E. P. Heazell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Introduction 98% of the 2.6 million stillbirths per annum occur in low and middle income countries. However, understanding of risk factors for stillbirth in these settings is incomplete, hampering efforts to develop effective strategies to prevent deaths. Methods A cross-sectional study of eligible women on the postnatal ward at Mpilo Hospital, Zimbabwe was undertaken between 01/08/2018 and 31/03/2019 (n = 1779). Data were collected from birth records for maternal characteristics, obstetric and past medical history, antenatal care and pregnancy outcome. A directed acyclic graph was constructed with multivariable logistic regression performed to fit the corresponding model specification to data comprising singleton pregnancies, excluding neonatal deaths (n = 1734), using multiple imputation for missing data. Where possible, findings were validated against all women with births recorded in the hospital birth register (n = 1847). Results Risk factors for stillbirth included: previous stillbirth (29/1691 (2%) of livebirths and 39/43 (91%) of stillbirths, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2628.9, 95% CI 342.8 to 20,163.0), antenatal care (aOR 44.49 no antenatal care vs. > 4 antenatal care visits, 95% CI 6.80 to 291.19), maternal medical complications (aOR 7.33, 95% CI 1.99 to 26.92) and season of birth (Cold season vs. Mild aOR 14.29, 95% CI 3.09 to 66.08; Hot season vs. Mild aOR 3.39, 95% CI 0.86 to 13.27). Women who had recurrent stillbirth had a lower educational and health status (18.2% had no education vs. 10.0%) and were less likely to receive antenatal care (20.5% had no antenatal care vs. 6.6%) than women without recurrent stillbirth. Conclusion The increased risk in women who have a history of stillbirth is a novel finding in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and is in agreement with findings from High Income Countries (HICs), although the estimated effect size is much greater (OR in HICs ~ 5). Developing antenatal care for this group of women offers an important opportunity for stillbirth prevention.

scholarly journals MRSA Point Prevalence among Health Care Workers in German Rehabilitation Centers: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Study in a Non-Outbreak Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Melanie Schubert ◽  
Daniel Kämpf ◽  
Marlena Wahl ◽  
Samuel Hofmann ◽  
Maria Girbig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Increased Risk

People working in health care services have an increased risk of being infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), though little is known about the prevalence in rehabilitation centers. This cross-sectional study investigated the MRSA prevalence in employees from different rehabilitation centers and aimed to identify risk factors for MRSA transmission. We invited all staff (i.e., with and without patient contact from 22 participating rehabilitation centers; n = 2499) to participate. Study participation included a questionnaire on personal characteristics, lifestyle, personal and occupational risk factors for MRSA and nasal swabs taken by the study team. In total, 1005 persons participated in the study (response: 40.2%). Only four participants carried MRSA (0.40 (95% CI 0.00–1.00) per 100). MRSA carriage did not seem to be occupationally related, as it was found in different occupations with and without direct contact with MRSA patients, as well as in different clinics with different indications and patient clientele. We could not find a clear association between MRSA carriage and potential risk factors due to the low number of cases found. Genotyping revealed the spa types t032 (Barnim epidemic strain) and t1223. Our results suggest a low point prevalence of nasal MRSA colonization in a non-outbreak setting in employees from rehabilitation centers.

Evaluating Mortality Rate and Associated Parameters in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Alireza Gheini ◽  
Ali Pooria ◽  
Afsoun Pourya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Killip Class ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and is characterized by unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who died of ACS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 patients presenting ACS were included. Data and records of these patients were evaluated for parameters such as; deceased status, age, gender, diagnosis, ECG, common complaints, associated risk factors, Killip class, pulse, blood pressure, geographic setup (urban or rural), complications and season in which the disease was presented. Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained using SPSS-win software. Results: The mortality rate among ACS patients in our study was 7.1%. Of these patients, AMI was the most prevalent diagnosis and chest pain was the most common complaint. Furthermore, low blood pressure, advanced age, increased pulse rate and fall/winter season were associated with the increased risk of mortality. ST deviation was the most seen ECG finding and most of the mortalities were within the 24 hours of admission. Conclusion: Our study reports risk factors associated with mortality in ACS patients. Advanced and timely therapeutic measurements are likely to reduce the incidence of mortality in these patients.

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