scholarly journals O direito das favelas no contexto das políticas de regularização: a complexa convivência entre legalidade, norma comunitária e arbítrio

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Ferreira Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Community Based ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Information Set

Este trabalho consiste em um debate sobre a especificidade da presença do Estado em favelas, especialmente do chamado Estado Legal, que se corporifica num conjunto de normas abstratas e genéricas e em órgãos e procedimentos criados para efetivá-las. Toma-se como ponto de partida do debate um exercício de análise de conteúdo de entrevistas realizadas ao longo de 2008 com moradores de favela situada no Rio de Janeiro, que está passando por intervenções no sentido de promover sua regularização urbanística e fundiária, para que venha a ser integrada à cidade. As entrevistas tiveram como objetivo identificar as normas que de fato se encontram em operação no espaço da favela, no tocante às relações de vizinhança e ao uso e ocupação do solo, bem como a fonte dessa normatividade, no sentido de reconhecer se tais normas proviriam do Estado, se teriam sido elaboradas internamente pelos próprios moradores, ou se proviriam de alguma outra possível fonte, como uma combinação de fontes estatais e “comunitárias”. E a partir disso, debater teoricamente a natureza dessas normas, forjando uma interpretação sobre o caráter e o significado social da regulação do espaço que nelas se materializa, bem como identificar os impactos socioespaciais provocados pelas intervenções de regularização. Palavras-chave: favelas; direito da favela; regularização fundiária; Estado Legal; pluralismo jurídico; normas locais. Abstract: This paper consists of a discussion on the particularities of State’s attitude towards the slums in Rio de Janeiro, focused on the case of the so called Legislative State, which is materialized into the creation of abstract and general rules and also through departments and procedures implemented in order to make the legislation effective. At a starting point, analysis of some interviews is provided. These interviews were developed in2008 with dwellers of a slum which has been receiving public works of urbanization and land regularization in order to provide its urban integration. These interviews aimed to realize which rules have actually been working within the slum area, especially the rules related to neighborhood, the use of the land and building matters. Likewise, this research aimed at discovering something about the rules sources, i.e., if they would derive from the State Legislation, or from dwellers’ creation (a “community based law”), or from any other process, as a gathering of both of them. Grounded in such information set, it is desired to develop a theoretical discussion on the nature of these rules, on its social meanings, especially regarded to its space regulation qualities, as well as on social and spatial effects of land regularization politics. Keywords: slums; slums' law; land regularization; legislative state; legal pluralism; community based law.

scholarly journals And yet Again: Having Breakfast Is Positively Associated with Lower BMI and Healthier General Eating Behavior in Schoolchildren

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Peggy Ober ◽  
Carolin Sobek ◽  
Nancy Stein ◽  
Ulrike Spielau ◽  
Sarah Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
School Setting ◽  
School Type ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
National Programs

Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions. Therefore, we investigated associations between school-related meal patterns and weight status in 1215 schoolchildren. Anthropometry was performed on-site in schools. Children reported their meal habits, and parents provided family-related information via questionnaires. Associations between nutritional behavior and weight status were estimated using hierarchical linear and logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, socio–economic status, school type, migration background, and parental weight status. Having breakfast was associated with a lower BMI-SDS (βadj = −0.51, p = 0.004) and a lower risk of being overweight (ORadj = 0.30, p = 0.009), while having two breakfasts resulting in stronger associations (BMI-SDS: βadj = −0.66, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: ORadj = 0.22, p = 0.001). Likewise, children who regularly skipped breakfast on school days showed stronger associations (BMI-SDS: β = 0.49, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 3.29, p < 0.001) than children who skipped breakfast only occasionally (BMI-SDS: β = 0.43, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 2.72, p = 0.032). The associations persisted after controlling for parental SES and weight status. Therefore, our data confirm the school setting as a suitable starting point for community-based interventions and may underline the necessity of national programs providing free breakfast and lunch to children.

scholarly journals Spatial regression methods to evaluate beekeeping production in the state of Rio de Janeiro

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
W.S. Tassinari ◽  
M.C. Lorenzon ◽  
E.L. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
The State ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wild Vegetation

Brazilian beekeeping has been developed from the africanization of the honeybees and its high performance launches Brazil as one of the world´s largest honey producer. The Southeastern region has an expressive position in this market (45%), but the state of Rio de Janeiro is the smallest producer, despite presenting large areas of wild vegetation for honey production. In order to analyze the honey productivity in the state of Rio de Janeiro, this research used classic and spatial regression approaches. The data used in this study comprised the responses regarding beekeeping from 1418 beekeepers distributed throughout 72 counties of this state. The best statistical fit was a semiparametric spatial model. The proposed model could be used to estimate the annual honey yield per hive in regions and to detect production factors more related to beekeeping. Honey productivity was associated with the number of hives, wild swarm collection and losses in the apiaries. This paper highlights that the beekeeping sector needs support and help to elucidate the problems plaguing beekeepers, and the inclusion of spatial effects in the regression models is a useful tool in geographical data.

scholarly journals Turismo de base comunitária na Costa Verde (RJ): caiçaras, quilombolas e indígenas

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina de Miranda Mendonça ◽  
Renato de Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Paloma Cristina Barbosa Lopes ◽  
Sandro dos Reis Andrade ◽  
Ana Paula Veríssimo de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Right

Descrevendo o turismo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, destaca-se o seu litoral. Parte desta área integra a região turística denominada Costa do Sol (litoral norte) e a Costa Verde (litoral sul). Pode-se assim,remeter à ideia de apropriação do espaço litorâneo pela prática turística e aos conflitos existentes entre as populações locais e às novas lógicas do capital que se inserem na região. Este trabalho tem como foco de pesquisa a região da Costa Verde, que sofreu influencia do turismo a partir da década de 1970 com a inauguração do trecho Rio-Santos da BR101. Com a estrada chegaram à especulação imobiliária e consequente expulsão dos nativos, e também a instituição das leis ambientais como a criação de unidades de conservação da natureza de proteção integral. No entanto, nesta região estão presentes diversos grupos tradicionais: indígenas, caiçaras e quilombolas que lutam pelo reconhecimento de seu território, contra a expulsão do local herdado e os limites de utilização dos recursos impostos pelas unidades de proteção. Além disto, reivindicam serem incluídos no mapa do turismo da região. Como grande protagonista local foi criado, em 2007, o Fórum de comunidades Tradicionais Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba - FCT que traz à tona questões diversas que permeiam a vida de todos que vivem neste local. Na reivindicação pela visibilidade ligada ao turismo foi elaborado o mapa de turismo de base comunitária - TBC do Fórum em 2015. Assim, tendo como metodologia de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva utilizando o método qualitativo (pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo), este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar, do ponto de vista sociocultural e político-organizacional, como se constitui o TBC no território abrangido pelo FCT, porém tendo como foco de análise três iniciativas: a comunidade caiçara de São Gonçalo (Paraty), Quilombo Bracuí e Aldeia Sapukai, ambas localizadas em Angra dos Reis. O resultado traz reflexões sobre o TBC e suas correlações com alguns temas: populações tradicionais; resistência cultural, territorial e econômica; permanência no território tradicional; valorização da identidade e história local; o direito pela prática das atividades econômicas tradicionais e do turismo.Ou seja, ser uma população tradicional significa uma forma de resistência, que transforma experiências locais em turismo. Um turismo denominado localmente de TBC que significa também incluir no mapa do estado os grupos sociais “invisíveis”. Assim constata-se que estas iniciativas estão ligadas a um movimento político e social que tem o turismo como ferramenta de poder. Community-based tourism in Costa Verde (RJ): caiçaras, quilombolas and indigenous peoples ABSTRACT The coastline stands out in the description of tourism in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Part of this area comprises the tourist regions of Costa do Sol (northern coast) and Costa Verde (southern coast). They are related to the ideas of appropriation of the coastal space by tourist practice and the conflicts among local populations and the new logics of the capital inserted in the region. This study discusses the Costa Verde region which was influenced by tourism from the 70s with the opening of the Rio-Santos stretch of the BR101 highway. It was followed by real estate speculation and consequentently expulsion of indigenous peoples and also the emergence of environmental laws with the creation of nature conservation units of integral protection. In this region, there are several tradition groups – such as indigenous peoples, caiçaras and quilombolas – who claim: a) the recognition of their territories against the expulsion of the inherited place and the limits of the use of resources imposed by the protected units, and b) their inclusion in the tourist map of the region. Playing the role of the great local protagonist, the Forum of the Traditional Comunities (FCT) of Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba was created in 2007 to discuss several issues concerning the life of their residents. As to the demand to the visibility linked to tourism, a community-based tourism (TBC) map was made in the 2015 Forum. This work aims at investigating the TBC in the territories comprising the FCT under a sociocultural and political-organizational approach and an exploratory and descriptive methodological framework with focus on three initiatives: the caiçara community of São Gonçalo (Paraty), Bracuí Quilombo and Sapukai Village, located in Angra dos Reis. The findings of the research raise insights on the TBC and its correlation with the following themes: traditional populations, cultural, territorial and economic resistence, permanence in traditional territory, promotion of local identity and history and the right to the practice of traditional and economic activities and tourism. In other words, being a traditional population means a form of resistence which transforms local experiences in tourism and a locally named TBC also means including the ' invisible' social groups in the state map. Our claim is that these initiatives are linked to a political and social movement which uses tourism as a power tool. KEYWORDS: Community-Based Tourism; Traditional Populations; Costa Verde (RJ, Brazil); Forum of Traditional Communities.

scholarly journals Turismo de Base Comunitária sob influência do processo de Proteção da Natureza na Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde (CE) e na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro (RJ)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina de Miranda Mendonça ◽  
Edilaine Albertino de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
Social Environmental

EEste artigo apresenta como discussão temática o turismo de base comunitária sob influência do processo de proteção da natureza, que tem como estratégia a criação de Unidades de Conservação, das categorias Reserva Extrativista e Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Neste contexto, considera-se a lógica peculiar da dinâmica social, ambiental e cultural da Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde (Ceará) e da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro (Rio de Janeiro). O objetivo do trabalho se define na descrição e análise sobre o processo de fortalecimento do turismo de base comunitária sob influência das Unidades de Conservação instituídas na área abrangente da Prainha do Canto Verde e da Vila do Aventureiro. O caminho metodológico de trabalho compreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, desde 2003, considerando dados de projetos de pesquisa e extensão universitária, como possibilidade de cobertura ampla de fenômenos semelhantes, permitindo uma comparação dos resultados obtidos para ampliar as perspectivas de análise temática. O resultado principal alcançado na pesquisa se baseia na importância da criação da Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde e da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro para a valorização e validação do turismo de base comunitária, garantindo sua premissa básica: a concepção, o planejamento, a operação e a gestão do turismo pelos agentes locais. Community-based Tourism under the influence of Nature Protection process in the Extractive Reserve Prainha do Canto Verde (CE, Brazil) and the Sustainable Development Reserve Aventureiro (RJ, Brazil) ABSTRACT This paper discusses Community-based Tourism influenced by the process of nature protection and the strategic creation of Conservation Units, and the categories Extractive Reserve and Sustainable Development Reserve. In particular, we approach the peculiar logic of the social, environmental and cultural dynamics of the Extractive Reserve of Prainha do Canto (Ceará,Brazil) and the Sustainable Development Reserve of Aventureiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) to describe and analise the reinforcement of Community-based Tourism in the conservation units created in these Reserves. The methodology includes bibliographical, documental and field research conducted since 2003, and the extension and research academic projects covering similar phenomena to enable a comparison of the findings to widen the perspectives of the analysis. The main findings point to the relevance of the creation of Reserves for valorization and validation of Community-based Tourism assuring its basic assumption: the conception, planning, operation and management of tourism by local agents. KEYWORDS: Community-based Tourism; Nature Protection; Extractive Reserve; Sustainable Development Reserve.

Towards a Consistency Management in a Feature-Based Design

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivka Ovtcharova ◽  
Uwe Jasnoch
Keyword(s):  
User Requirements ◽  
Consistency Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Information Set ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Design Objects ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
Feature Based Design

Abstract It is a common goal in the development of feature-based design systems to support users with extended facilities, such as comprehensive semantically correct feature-based models, conformability of tools to user requirements and to different applications, and communication via standardized interfaces. However, the current state of the art in feature-based design does not meet the most of these requirements, particularly the integration of design, reliability and maintainability of constraints. This paper presents recent research on design by features using the constraint satisfaction approach. We determine the basic requirements for defining and administering constraints in feature-based models and propose an architecture for consistency management in feature-based design systems. The two main modules of interest are Feature Frame and Consistency Manager. The Feature Frame intends to enclose different feature data into one information set, called Feature Resources and to create and manipulate such resources using Feature Mechanisms. The Consistency Manager provides functionality for definition, evaluation and satisfaction of constraints in feature-based models. Furthermore, in this paper the relation between feature-based design, consistency management and object-oriented paradigm is clarified. In contrast to previous publications where features and constraints are associated with objects in a programming language sense, our starting point is the ontological view to the object concept. We advocate that features and constraints are not objects themselves, but attributes and laws assigned by us to objects to describe properties of them. Thus, feature-based design can be characterized as the art of defining and manipulating properties of design objects.

Fans and Brands

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna M. Todd ◽  
Catherine A. Armstrong Soule
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rich History

Although fandom has a rich history within pop culture, it is difficult to know when fandom was formed and what constitutes a fandom. In this chapter the authors define fandom and its related activities, as well as delineate it from the similar fan-brand communities of brand communities and brand publics. A typology for fan-brand communities is presented with two dimensions: 1) motivation for engagement and 2) social status and relationship type. This typology can help guide researchers, brands, and marketers in effectively managing different subcultures of fans. This chapter may be used as a starting point for further understanding of fan-brand community-based relationships.

Provisional and Protective Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-239
Author(s):  
European Law
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
General Part ◽  
Asset Preservation

This chapter focuses on provisional and protective measures, which are important both in domestic and cross-border litigation to secure effective enforcement or to otherwise preserve rights and prevent (further) harm prior to the commencement of proceedings or pending final judgment. Part X of the European Rules of Civil Procedure consists of three Parts: a General Part (Section 1), which includes rules that apply to all types of measures, unless otherwise provided; a Special Part (Section 2), which includes rules on Asset Preservation, Regulatory Measures, Evidence Preservation, and Interim Payments; and a Cross-Border Part (Section 3), which primarily refers to existing legislation. Section 3 further provides a minimal number of general rules as it is not intended to provide a set of rules on the complex and multifaceted issue of cross-border provisional and protective measures. Principle 8 of the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles was the starting point for the development of Rules concerning provisional and protective measures. This Principle includes three basic rules: on function and proportionality (8.1); ex parte measures; (8.2); and compensation and security (8.3).

Brands, Fans, and Exchanges

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Breanna M. Todd ◽  
Catherine Anne Armstrong Soule
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rich History

Although fandom has a rich history within pop culture, it is difficult to know what constitutes a fandom, what differentiates fandoms from similar phenomena as well as what different types of fandoms exist and how fandoms are formed and maintained. In this chapter, the authors define fandom and the related member actions that create and maintain fandoms, as well as delineate the concept from the similar fan-brand communities of transactional brand communities, social brand communities and brand publics. A typology for fan-brand communities is presented with two dimensions: 1) motivation for engagement; and 2) social status and relationship type. This typology can help guide researchers, brands, and marketers in effectively managing different subcultures of fans. This chapter may be used as a starting point for further understanding of fan-brand community-based relationships.

Popular Education for the Environment: Building Interest in the Educational Dimension of Social Action

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Starting Point

AbstractCommunity-based environmental education is an important part of the sustainability project. Along with regulation and market-based instruments, adult learning and education in non-formal settings consistently features in the sustainability strategies advocated and implemented by government, community and industry entities.Community-situated environmental education programs often feature didactic “messaging”™, public awareness and community-based social marketing approaches. Clearly, these approaches have limited capacity to stimulate the social learning necessary to reorient toward sustainability. Popular education provides a framework to break from these dominant modes of environmental communication and education and achieve outcomes of a different order. Popular educators build curriculum from the daily lives of community members, address their social, political and structural change priorities, and emphasise collective rather than individual learning. Their work creates opportunities for education as social action, education for social action, and learning through social action.Case studies from Australia and the United States highlight opportunities for community educators to draw on the traditions and practices of popular education. Residents of contaminated communities organise “toxic tours”™ to bolster their campaigns for remediation. Residents and conservationists concerned about freeway construction incorporate learning strategies in their campaign plan to enhance peer learning, mentoring and prospects of long-term success. Advocacy organisations and research institutions work together to create formal and informal educational programs to strengthen and learn from social action. The principles derived from these case studies offer a starting point for collaboration and action research.

scholarly journals Learnings from Local Collaborative Transformations: Setting a Basis for a Sustainability Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Pedro Macedo ◽  
Ana Huertas ◽  
Cristiano Bottone ◽  
Juan del Río ◽  
Nicola Hillary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
Sustainability Framework ◽  
Business And Management ◽  
Municipal Level

The complexity of the sustainability challenge demands for collaboration between different actors, be they governments, businesses, or grassroots movements, at all levels. Nevertheless, and according to previous research, many tensions and obstacles to partnership still exist and results are far from meaningful. By investigating potential synergies, our purpose is to define a sustainability framework to promote better collaboration between community-based initiatives and local governments, in the context of transformation. Specifically, the research aim presented in this paper is to harvest learnings from existing collaborative experiments at the municipal level. As a starting point and using exploratory literature review concerning areas like policy (e.g., public administration) or business and management research, we propose a ‘Compass for Collaborative Transformation’. This heuristic device can support the study of these sustainability experiments. We also introduce a method to map the governance imprint of these collaborations and to provide a ‘proxy’ of transformative efforts. We then present and discuss results from 71 surveyed cases happening in 16 countries in America and Europe, comparing distinctive frameworks involved. Finally, we consider the preconditions of a framework to improve these local collaborations—namely the capacity to support joint navigation through transformative efforts, facing high levels of uncertainty and complexity—and present ongoing efforts to codesign a new sustainability framework.

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