scholarly journals Turismo de base comunitária na Costa Verde (RJ): caiçaras, quilombolas e indígenas

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina de Miranda Mendonça ◽  
Renato de Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Paloma Cristina Barbosa Lopes ◽  
Sandro dos Reis Andrade ◽  
Ana Paula Veríssimo de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Right

Descrevendo o turismo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, destaca-se o seu litoral. Parte desta área integra a região turística denominada Costa do Sol (litoral norte) e a Costa Verde (litoral sul). Pode-se assim,remeter à ideia de apropriação do espaço litorâneo pela prática turística e aos conflitos existentes entre as populações locais e às novas lógicas do capital que se inserem na região. Este trabalho tem como foco de pesquisa a região da Costa Verde, que sofreu influencia do turismo a partir da década de 1970 com a inauguração do trecho Rio-Santos da BR101. Com a estrada chegaram à especulação imobiliária e consequente expulsão dos nativos, e também a instituição das leis ambientais como a criação de unidades de conservação da natureza de proteção integral. No entanto, nesta região estão presentes diversos grupos tradicionais: indígenas, caiçaras e quilombolas que lutam pelo reconhecimento de seu território, contra a expulsão do local herdado e os limites de utilização dos recursos impostos pelas unidades de proteção. Além disto, reivindicam serem incluídos no mapa do turismo da região. Como grande protagonista local foi criado, em 2007, o Fórum de comunidades Tradicionais Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba - FCT que traz à tona questões diversas que permeiam a vida de todos que vivem neste local. Na reivindicação pela visibilidade ligada ao turismo foi elaborado o mapa de turismo de base comunitária - TBC do Fórum em 2015. Assim, tendo como metodologia de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva utilizando o método qualitativo (pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo), este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar, do ponto de vista sociocultural e político-organizacional, como se constitui o TBC no território abrangido pelo FCT, porém tendo como foco de análise três iniciativas: a comunidade caiçara de São Gonçalo (Paraty), Quilombo Bracuí e Aldeia Sapukai, ambas localizadas em Angra dos Reis. O resultado traz reflexões sobre o TBC e suas correlações com alguns temas: populações tradicionais; resistência cultural, territorial e econômica; permanência no território tradicional; valorização da identidade e história local; o direito pela prática das atividades econômicas tradicionais e do turismo.Ou seja, ser uma população tradicional significa uma forma de resistência, que transforma experiências locais em turismo. Um turismo denominado localmente de TBC que significa também incluir no mapa do estado os grupos sociais “invisíveis”. Assim constata-se que estas iniciativas estão ligadas a um movimento político e social que tem o turismo como ferramenta de poder. Community-based tourism in Costa Verde (RJ): caiçaras, quilombolas and indigenous peoples ABSTRACT The coastline stands out in the description of tourism in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Part of this area comprises the tourist regions of Costa do Sol (northern coast) and Costa Verde (southern coast). They are related to the ideas of appropriation of the coastal space by tourist practice and the conflicts among local populations and the new logics of the capital inserted in the region. This study discusses the Costa Verde region which was influenced by tourism from the 70s with the opening of the Rio-Santos stretch of the BR101 highway. It was followed by real estate speculation and consequentently expulsion of indigenous peoples and also the emergence of environmental laws with the creation of nature conservation units of integral protection. In this region, there are several tradition groups – such as indigenous peoples, caiçaras and quilombolas – who claim: a) the recognition of their territories against the expulsion of the inherited place and the limits of the use of resources imposed by the protected units, and b) their inclusion in the tourist map of the region. Playing the role of the great local protagonist, the Forum of the Traditional Comunities (FCT) of Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba was created in 2007 to discuss several issues concerning the life of their residents. As to the demand to the visibility linked to tourism, a community-based tourism (TBC) map was made in the 2015 Forum. This work aims at investigating the TBC in the territories comprising the FCT under a sociocultural and political-organizational approach and an exploratory and descriptive methodological framework with focus on three initiatives: the caiçara community of São Gonçalo (Paraty), Bracuí Quilombo and Sapukai Village, located in Angra dos Reis. The findings of the research raise insights on the TBC and its correlation with the following themes: traditional populations, cultural, territorial and economic resistence, permanence in traditional territory, promotion of local identity and history and the right to the practice of traditional and economic activities and tourism. In other words, being a traditional population means a form of resistence which transforms local experiences in tourism and a locally named TBC also means including the ' invisible' social groups in the state map. Our claim is that these initiatives are linked to a political and social movement which uses tourism as a power tool. KEYWORDS: Community-Based Tourism; Traditional Populations; Costa Verde (RJ, Brazil); Forum of Traditional Communities.

Konsistensi Implementasi Hak Menguasai Negara Dalam Upaya Mengatasi Dominasi Perekonomian Asing Guna Mewujudkan Kemandirian Ekonomi Nasional

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Suparji Suparji
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right

 AbstractThe president—Jokowi, has a mandate from the people to make Indonesia to be more equitable and prosperous. In order to fulfill this mandate, he has set nine priority programs known as the concept of Nawa Cipta. This program calls for concrete steps so as not merely a wish list. The most fundamental thing in economics field is how the constitutional mandate that the right to dominate the state can be realized in the management of economic activities, including in dealing with foreign economic domination in IndonesiaKeywords: implementation, the right to dominate the state, foreign economic domination.  AbstrakPresiden Jokowi telah mendapatkan mandat dari rakyat untuk mewujudkan Indonesia yang lebih adil dan sejahtera. Dalam rangka memenuhi mandat tersebut, telah ditetapkan sembilan program prioritas       yang dikenal dengan konsep Nawa Cipta. Program ini tentunya memerlukan langkah-langkah kongkret sehingga tidak sekedar menjadi daftar keinginan. Hal yang paling mendasar dalam bidang ekonomi adalah bagaimana amanat konstitusi yakni hak menguasai negara dapat diwujudkan dalam pengelolaan kegiatan perekonomian, termasuk dalam mengatasi dominasi perekonomian asing di Indonesia.  Kata kunci: implementasi, hak menguasai negara, dominasi perekonomian asing  

scholarly journals SEGURIDAD Y JUSTICIA BAJO ACOSO EN TIEMPOS DE VIOLENCIA NEOLIBERAL: las respuestas de la policía comunitaria de guerrero

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Police ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

La policía comunitaria es una institución de los pueblos indígenas de Guerrero conocida por su capacidad para enfrentar a la delincuencia y generar alternativas de paz social., através de un sistema de justicia y seguridad autónomo. En los últimos años, sin embargo, el sistema comunitario enfrenta el acoso de actores diversos vinculados al incremento de la violencia y la inseguridad que se vive en el país y especialmente en el estado de Guerrero; dicha situación está impactando a la institucionalidad comunitaria, obligando a su redefinición. En este trabajo destaco aspectos centrales de dicha conflictividad así como las respuestas que han dado los comunitarios para hacer frente a las tareas de justicia y seguridad en el marco de nuevos contextos marcados por el despojo neoliberal y la impunidad de actores estatales y no estatales. En este proceso se actualiza la relación de la policía comunitaria con el Estado revelando el peso de la ambigüedad legal y los juegos del poder así como los usos contra-hegemónicos del derecho para disputar la justicia. ---SEGURANÇA E JUSTIÇA SOB ACOSSO EM TEMPOS DE VIOLÊNCIA NEOLIBERAL: respostas do policiamento comunitário de GuerreroO policiamento comunitário é uma instituição dos Povos Indígenas do Guerrero conhecidos por sua capacidade de lidar com o crime e gerar paz social de forma alternativa, usando um sistema próprio de justiça e segurança. Nos últimos anos, no entanto, o sistema da UE enfrenta assédio de várias autoridades envolvidas no aumento da violência e da insegurança que reina no país e, especialmente, no estado de Guerrero; essa situação está afetando as instituições comunitárias, forçando a sua redefinição. Neste artigo, destaco os principais aspectos do conflito e as respostas que têm a comunidade para lidar com as tarefas da justiça e da segurança no contexto dos novos contextos marcados por pilhagem neoliberal e a impunidade de atores estatais e não estatais. Neste processo, a relação de policiamento comunitário com o estado é atualizada, revelando o peso da ambiguidade e dos jogos de poder legais, além de usos contra-hegemônicos do direito de disputar a justiça.Palavras-chave: violência neoliberal; Guerrero; comunidades indígenas---SECURITY AND JUSTICE UNDER HARASSMENT IN TIMES OF NEOLIBERAL VIOLENCE: responses of the Community Police of GuerreroThe community police is an institution of the Indigenous Peoples of Guerrero known for its ability to deal with crime and generate alternatives for social peace, using a system of justice and self security. In recent years, however, the EU system faces harassment from various people responsible for the increase of violence and insecurity within the country and especially in the state in Guerrero; this situation is impacting instituitions in the community, forcing their redefinition. In this paper I highlight key aspects of the conflict and the community's responses to deal with the tasks of justice and security in new contexts marked by neoliberal plunder and impunity of the state (as well as non state figures). In this process, the relationship of the community police with the state is updated revealing the weight of legal ambiguity and power plays, as well as counter-hegemonic use of the right to dispute justice.key words: neoliberal vilence; Guerrero; indigenous people.

scholarly journals Turismo de Base Comunitária sob influência do processo de Proteção da Natureza na Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde (CE) e na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro (RJ)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina de Miranda Mendonça ◽  
Edilaine Albertino de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
Social Environmental

EEste artigo apresenta como discussão temática o turismo de base comunitária sob influência do processo de proteção da natureza, que tem como estratégia a criação de Unidades de Conservação, das categorias Reserva Extrativista e Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Neste contexto, considera-se a lógica peculiar da dinâmica social, ambiental e cultural da Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde (Ceará) e da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro (Rio de Janeiro). O objetivo do trabalho se define na descrição e análise sobre o processo de fortalecimento do turismo de base comunitária sob influência das Unidades de Conservação instituídas na área abrangente da Prainha do Canto Verde e da Vila do Aventureiro. O caminho metodológico de trabalho compreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, desde 2003, considerando dados de projetos de pesquisa e extensão universitária, como possibilidade de cobertura ampla de fenômenos semelhantes, permitindo uma comparação dos resultados obtidos para ampliar as perspectivas de análise temática. O resultado principal alcançado na pesquisa se baseia na importância da criação da Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde e da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro para a valorização e validação do turismo de base comunitária, garantindo sua premissa básica: a concepção, o planejamento, a operação e a gestão do turismo pelos agentes locais. Community-based Tourism under the influence of Nature Protection process in the Extractive Reserve Prainha do Canto Verde (CE, Brazil) and the Sustainable Development Reserve Aventureiro (RJ, Brazil) ABSTRACT This paper discusses Community-based Tourism influenced by the process of nature protection and the strategic creation of Conservation Units, and the categories Extractive Reserve and Sustainable Development Reserve. In particular, we approach the peculiar logic of the social, environmental and cultural dynamics of the Extractive Reserve of Prainha do Canto (Ceará,Brazil) and the Sustainable Development Reserve of Aventureiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) to describe and analise the reinforcement of Community-based Tourism in the conservation units created in these Reserves. The methodology includes bibliographical, documental and field research conducted since 2003, and the extension and research academic projects covering similar phenomena to enable a comparison of the findings to widen the perspectives of the analysis. The main findings point to the relevance of the creation of Reserves for valorization and validation of Community-based Tourism assuring its basic assumption: the conception, planning, operation and management of tourism by local agents. KEYWORDS: Community-based Tourism; Nature Protection; Extractive Reserve; Sustainable Development Reserve.

Proposal for a new funding system for mental health departments. Results from an evaluative multicentre Italian study (I-psycost)

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Grigoletti ◽  
Francesco Amaddeo ◽  
Aldrigo Grassi ◽  
Massimo Boldrini ◽  
Marco Chiappelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
Funding System ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Mental Health Funding ◽  
The Right ◽  
Italian Community

SummaryAims – To obtain a new, well-balanced mental health funding system, through the creation of i) a list of psychiatric interventions provided by Italian Community-based Psychiatric Services (CPS), and associated costs; ii) a new prospective funding system for patients with a high use of resources, based on packages of care. Methods – Five Italian Community-based Psychiatric Services collected data from 1250 patients during October 2002. Socio-demographical and clinical characteristics and GAF scores were collected at baseline. All psychiatric contacts during the following six months were registered and categorised into 24 service contact types. Using elasticity equation and contact characteristics, we estimate the costs of care. Cluster analysis techniques identified packages of care. Logistic regression defined predictive variables of high use patients. Multinomial Logistic Model assigned each patient to a package of care. Results – The sample's socio-demographic characteristics are similar, but variations exist between the different CPS. Patients were then divided into two groups, and the group with the highest use of resources was divided into three smaller groups, based on number and type of services provided. Conclusions – Our findings show how is possible to develop a cost predictive model to assign patients with a high use of resources to a group that can provide the right level of care. For these patients it might be possible to apply a prospective per-capita funding system based on packages of care.Declaration of Interest: None

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Katie Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Socioeconomic Issues ◽  
Market Women ◽  
The Right

This chapter introduces the over 1,000 Parisian market women known as the Dames des Halles and outlines how Politics in the Marketplace changes understandings of work, gender, and citizenship in the French Revolution. First, this book insists that marketplace actors shaped the nature of nascent democracy and capitalism through their daily commerce. As the revolutionaries overhauled Old Regime privileges in les Halles, they confronted the tensions between socially egalitarian projects and free market aspirations in everyday trade. Second, this book expands recent non-Marxist inquiries to reconsider the socioeconomic issues at the heart of the Revolution. It proposes the concept of economic citizenship to consider how an individual’s economic activities such as buying goods, selling food, or paying taxes position him/her within the collective social body and enable him/her to make claims on the state. Third, Politics in the Marketplace intervenes in the dominant narrative of gender and modern democracy. Instead of defining citizenship by electoral rights, this book explores how the Dames and fellow revolutionaries invented multiple notions of citizenship in its embryonic stages, some of which did not immediately divide citizenship by gender. Fourth, this book argues that, in their words and actions, the Dames conceptualized their citizenship through useful work. According to the market women, their occupational, civic, and gendered work served society and earned them the right to make claims on the state in return. The Dames’ notion of citizenship thus included gendered components but did not take gender as its cornerstone. Finally, the introduction describes the sources used to tap into the Dames’ world.

scholarly journals The remnants of restinga habitats in the brazilian Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: habitat loss and risk of disappearance

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
CFD. Rocha ◽  
HG. Bergallo ◽  
M. Van Sluys ◽  
MAS. Alves ◽  
CE. Jamel
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Extensive Degradation ◽  
Janeiro State

"Restingas" (herbaceous/shrubby coastal sand-dune habitats) used to cover most of Rio de Janeiro State coast, and have suffered extensive degradation over the last five centuries. Using satellite images and field work, we identified the remaining restingas in the State, recording the factors that might cause their degradation. We used two mosaics of Landsat 7 scenes (spatial resolution 15 and 30 m) to map and evaluate preliminarly the remaining areas and conservation status. Each remnant area was checked in the field, degraded areas within it were mapped and subtracted from the remnants. We identified 21 restinga remnants totalling 105,285 ha. The largest and smallest restinga remnants were Jurubatiba (25,141 ha) and Itaipu (23 ha), respectively. We identified 14 causes of degradation. The most important were vegetation removal for housing developments, establishment of exotic plant species, change of original substrate, and selective removal of species of economic importance for the horticultural industry. All restingas had disturbed parts under strong pressure due to human activities. Due to intense habitat loss, and occurrence of endemic/threatened vertebrate species in restinga habitats, we strongly indicate the implementation of new conservation units to protect these fragile remnants. This habitat is steadily decreasing and most remnants lack legal protection. Therefore, under the current human pressure most of this unique habitat is likely to be lost from the State within the next few years.

scholarly journals Monopoly of State-Owned Enterprise of Social Justice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Rory Jeff Akyuwen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
General Benefit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The role of the state through BUMN becomes so important when it is formulated in a provision as formulated in Article 33 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia, where the production branches which are important for the State and which affect the livelihood of the public must be controlled by Country. Here it indicates the authority of the State to participate in economic activities through the operation of production branches that can be categorized as important for the State and considered vital and strategic for the interest of the State.This is based on the reasons as formulated in the explanatory section of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia, so that the benefits of the production branches do not fall into the hands of individuals, the State actively takes the role to cultivate it because the production branch is considered important and which control the livelihood of the people for the greatest prosperity of the people. State-Owned Enterprises is formed with the aim of contributing to the development of the national economy in general and the state's revenue in particular; The pursuit of profit; To hold general benefit in the form of providing goods and / or services of high quality and adequate for the fulfillment of the livelihood of the public; Pioneering business activities that have not yet been implemented by the private sector and cooperatives and actively providing guidance and assistance to weak economic entrepreneurs, cooperatives, and communities.SOEs are given the right to monopoly in the economic field which is considered to control the livelihood of many people.

scholarly journals PEMODELAN KAWASAN PASAR SOUVENIR DI DESA TOMOK (Objek Kasus : Desa Wisata Tomok, Kabupaten Samosir, Sumatera Utara)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Ida Nova Sitohang ◽  
Raimundus Pakpahan ◽  
Shanty Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Simulation And Modeling ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village

The tourist market or souvenir shop is a place of sale and purchase transactions in tourist areas that sell merchandise typical of the tourist attraction. The tourist market can be classified into the traditional market according to the physical, time, area of activities and goods traded. The tourist market can also be classified as a traditional market according to its function as a culture that is a market that has multiple roles, not only acting as a meeting place between sellers and buyers but the market also has a function as a meeting place for cultures brought by each of them who utilize the market. Trading is one of the economic activities of the Tomok tourism village community to meet the needs of the community. Based on the condition of the souvenir shop building, there are many variations in terms of size, shape and ownership of the shop. One type of merchandise is souvenir as one of the facilities in Tomok village tourist attraction. For this reason the importance of providing the right model in the souvenir market area in the village of Tomok in order to increase the high tourist arrivals of tourist taxis. Simulation and modeling research strategies are a research that using imitation models of a particular process or system that will be examined / tested through a simulation process, both scientific and man-made phenomena. The benefit of this research is to find a model of the souvenir market area in the Tomok tourism village that meets the criteria of market structuring.

scholarly journals Perfil Socioeconômico e Racial de Estudantes de Medicina em uma Universidade Pública do Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gomes Almeida de Souza ◽  
Ana Carolina Carvalho de Araújo Pôrto ◽  
Amanda de Souza ◽  
Aluísio Gomes da Silva Júnior ◽  
Fabiano Tonaco Borges
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Private School ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Black People ◽  
The State ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Simple Description ◽  
African Descendants

Abstract: Introduction: There are still many economic and racial barriers for black and indigenous peoples regarding access to a university degree in Brazil. Although Brazil is mistakenly considered a racial democracy, black people, indigenous peoples and those of low social status are the most affected by such difficulties regarding access to the university. Medical schools are traditionally attended by white, wealthy and upper-middle-class groups, although 54% of Brazilians consider themselves to be African descendants. To deal with this scenario, since 2013, 50% of all vacancies in public universities have been reserved for low social classes, indigenous peoples and African descendants. Our objective was to describe the socioeconomic and racial profile of those attending a public medical school in the state of Rio de Janeiro during a five-year period, analyzing the associations between the Brazilian segregationist structure and inclusion policies. Method: A census study was carried out, including all groups that entered the medical school at a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2017. We applied a self-administered questionnaire that addressed social, ethnic, economic and university admission aspects. The data were analyzed by a simple description of the frequencies and by bivariate analysis. Results: The results show that the majority profile is white, with an annual income higher than US$ 8,640, coming from a private school, with financial support from the family, both parents with higher education and no gender difference. As for the inclusion of non-white people into the course, the current quota system has not significantly increased their presence. Conclusion: We conclude that racial inclusion policies subordinated to economic ones seem to be a barrier to the entry of non-whites to medical school, contributing to racial inequality.

scholarly journals The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 936-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
BUDIMAN ACHMAD ◽  
DIAN DINIYATI
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Economic Well Being

Achmad B, Diniyati D. 2018. The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 936-946. This research investigated the economic well-being of forest farmers in Labuhan Badas Village, Sumbawa regency of Indonesia. It aimed: (i) to describe the daily economic activities of community-based forest (HKm) farmers who reside inside the state forest and of farmers in privately owned forest (POF) who reside outside the state forest areas; and (ii) to analyse their income structure in relation to the corresponding economic activities. The research was conducted from August 2015 to April 2016. The survey sample consisted of 34 HKm and 34 POF farmers who were selected purposively. Data collected through interview and focus group discussion techniques were analyzed descriptively. The research determined that the incomes of HKm farmers were generated from14 sources, mainly from activities in the non-agricultural sector, while those for POF farmers were generated from 12 sources mainly from activities in the agricultural sector. The total income of HKm farmers was significantly lower than the income of POF farmers and indicated a moderate level of economic disadvantage. The economic welfare of farmers in both research locations has been assessed to be below an adequate level. Therefore various economic innovations such as the cultivation of honey bees and the processing of unused potential resources (e.g. making wine from cashew fruit) are needed to accelerate the attainment of a decent level of economic well-being

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