scholarly journals Ensuring the Uniformity of Tillage Depth

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tukhtakuziev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Analytical Relationship ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Pressure Force ◽  
Analytical Geometry ◽  
Vertical Pressure ◽  
Supporting Plane ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Tillage Depth

The authors have described the required conditions for uniform soil tillage at a given depth. It has been shown that depth wheels of tillage machines should be constantly pressed to the soil surface. The study has confi rmed the need to determine the optimal value of the vertical pressure force exerted by the depth wheels on the soil. (Research purpose) To determine ways to ensure the given depth of tillage and the required uniformity using a mounted plow with a depth wheel. (Materials and methods) The authors conducted theoretical studies using methods of theoretical and agricultural mechanics, as well as analytical geometry. They made a diagram of forces acting on the plow in the process of plowing. (Results and discussion) The authors obtained an analytical relationship to determine the vertical pressure force exerted on the soil by a depth wheel of a mounted plow taking into account dimensions and parameters of a tractor mounting system as well as a plow mounting linkage. The optimal values of vertical distance from the plow supporting plane to its lower connecting points were graphically determined. The authors calculated the optimal numerical values of the parameters taken into account: the vertical distance from the tractor's supporting plane to the attachment point of the lower links of its attachment mechanism is 0.6 meters; the number of bodies installed on a plow – 4; the weight of one plow body is 250 kilograms; the plow effi ciency – 0.7; plowing (tillage) depth – 0.3 meters; horizontal distance from the lower connecting points of the plow to the share point of the fi rst body – 0.45 meter; longitudinal distance between the plow bodies – 1.0 meter; plow landside width – 0.2 meters; coeffi cient of rolling resistance to the depth wheel of the plow – 0.2; the diameter of the depth wheel – 0.5 meters etc. (Conclusions) It has been established that in order to ensure a required plowing depth and uniformity, vertical distance from the supporting plane of four-body plows coupled with 3-4 class wheeled tractors to the lower connecting points should be within 0.703-0.771 meters.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Khorasan (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) and Modern Kabot Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Varieties by UAV and Sensor Technologies under Different Soil Tillage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Kristýna Balážová ◽  
Jan Chyba ◽  
Jitka Kumhálová ◽  
Jiří Mašek ◽  
Stanislav Petrásek
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Thermal Cameras

Khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum (Jakubz.)) is an ancient tetraploid spring wheat variety originating from northeast parts of Central Asia. This variety can serve as a full-fledged alternative to modern wheat but has a lower yield than modern varieties. It is commonly known that wheat growth is influenced by soil tillage technology (among other things). However, it is not known how soil tillage technology affects ancient varieties. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different soil tillage technologies on the growth of the ancient Khorasan wheat variety in comparison to the modern Kabot spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety. The trial was arranged in six small plots, one half of which was sown by the Khorasan wheat variety and the other half of which was sown by the Kabot wheat variety. Three soil tillage methods were used for each cultivar: conventional tillage (CT) (20–25 cm), minimum tillage (MTC) with a coulter cultivator (15 cm), and minimization tillage (MTD) with a disc cultivator (12 cm). The soil surface of all of the variants were leveled after tillage (harrows & levelling bars). An unmanned aerial vehicle with multispectral and thermal cameras was used to monitor growth during the vegetation season. The flight missions were supplemented by measurements using the GreenSeeker hand-held sensor and plant and soil analysis. The results showed that the Khorasan ancient wheat was better suited the conditions of conventional tillage, with low values of bulk density and highvalues of total soil porosity, which generally increased the nutritional value of the yield in this experimental plot. At the same time, it was found that this ancient wheat does not deplete the soil. The results also showed that the trend of developmental growing curves derived from different sensors was very similar regardless of measurement method. The sensors used in this study can be good indicators of micronutrient content in the plant as well as in the grains. A low-cost RGB camera can provide relevant results, especially in cases where equipment that is more accurate is not available.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT RESIDUE ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF AN OXISOL UNDER SIMULATED RAIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elói Panachuki ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Teodorico Alves Sobrinho ◽  
Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira ◽  
Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Simulated Rain

Surface roughness of the soil is formed by mechanical tillage and is also influenced by the kind and amount of plant residue, among other factors. Its persistence over time mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of rain and soil type. However, few studies have been developed to evaluate these factors in Latossolos (Oxisols). In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil tillage and of amounts of plant residue on surface roughness of an Oxisol under simulated rain. Treatments consisted of the combination of the tillage systems of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) with rates of plant residue of 0, 1, and 2 Mg ha-1 of oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) and 0, 3, and 6 Mg ha-1 of maize (Zea mays L.). Seven simulated rains were applied on each experimental plot, with intensity of 60±2 mm h-1 and duration of 1 h at weekly intervals. The values of the random roughness index ranged from 2.94 to 17.71 mm in oats, and from 5.91 to 20.37 mm in maize, showing that CT and MT are effective in increasing soil surface roughness. It was seen that soil tillage operations carried out with the chisel plow and the leveling disk harrow are more effective in increasing soil roughness than those carried out with the heavy disk harrow and leveling disk harrow. The roughness index of the soil surface decreases exponentially with the increase in the rainfall volume applied under conditions of no tillage without soil cover, conventional tillage, and minimum tillage. The oat and maize crop residue present on the soil surface is effective in maintaining the roughness of the soil surface under no-tillage.

scholarly journals Soil erosion and earthworm population responses to soil management systems in steep-slope vineyards ..

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vršič
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Earthworm Population ◽  
Earthworm Populations

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of different vineyard soil management systems on soil erosion and earthworm (Lumbricidae) population. Three soil management systems were investigated: permanent green cover (control), straw-cover and periodic soil tillage. Inter-row periodic soil tillage was applied in 2002 and 2003 (May and August), and straw-cover in May 2002. Periodic soil tillage resulted in increased erosion, i.e. 1746 kg/ha of soil/per year, on average. The greater portion of erosive events occurred after tillage in summer (August 2002), which was accompanied by heavy rainfall and slow renewal of grass cover (slower than in spring). The lowest average amount of soil erosion was observed in the treatment with straw-cover (56 kg/ha per year). This management system provided better environment for earthworm populations, most of which were found close to the soil surface, especially in the dry year 2003. In periodical soil tillage, the majority of earthworms were found in the soil horizon not disturbed by the tillage, i.e. at the depth of 10&ndash;20 cm. The lowest number of earthworms (only 2 per m<sup>2</sup>) was recorded in the herbicide intra-row strip. &nbsp;

ROTATIONAL TOOL TO SURFACE SOIL TILLAGE BY ELLIPTICAL DISCS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Алиакберов ◽  
Ilfat Aliakberov ◽  
Яхин ◽  
Sergey Yakhin ◽  
Гайнутдинов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Spatial Motion ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Structural Scheme ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Tillage Depth

Analyzing a number of scientists’ research on development of disk tillers, working units of which make a complex spatial motion, we proposed the construction of rotary implement, which contains the elliptical wheels, fixed to the battery shaft is strictly at a certain angle. The article presents the structural scheme of this tool and theoretical dependences for the determination and justification of its basic parameters. The technical solution allows to mutually balance the axial loads, provides uniformity of soil tillage depth, improves the technological stability of instruments and the effectiveness of its work.

R462 – Anatomic Characteristics of Tongue Coblation

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P199-P200
Author(s):  
Liu Delong ◽  
Liu Qingfeng ◽  
Qin Wenfei
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Human Tongue ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Human Cadavers

Problem We investigated the topographic anatomic characteristics of the human tongue in order to determine the safest location for Coblation® (ArthroCare Corp., Sunnyvale, CA) tongue treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to provide detailed anatomic data to facilitate the surgery. Methods We dissected 16 lateral tongues from human cadavers and studied the distribution of the hypoglossal nerve and lingual artery and their respective distances. The ratios of those distances to the length and width of the tongue were calculated to establish the safest locations for Coblation tongue treatment. Results The vertical distance from the hypoglossal nerve and lingual artery to the surface of the tongue was invariant near the foramen caecum. The ratio of the horizontal distance from the hypoglossal nerve and lingual artery to the midline of the tongue to its length and the vertical distance to the surface at the foramen caecum and at 10 mm and 25 mm from the apex was obtained. Analysis of the data using ANOVA (analysis of variance) revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion Low-temperature radiofrequency tongue treatment (Coblation) offers a safe and effective treatment for patients with retroglossal OSAHS. Recognizing the topographic anatomic characteristics of the tongue and applying the concepts of ratio and individualization, in which consideration is given to each patient's unique anatomy, promotes greater safety and optimal patient outcomes. Significance The data could extend the area of surgery in tongue from before or after caecum to the whole tongue. It could facilitate the coblation tongue treatment which is different from those surgeries in the base of tongue. And coblation tongue channeling (CTC) is very useful to treat hypertrophic tongue in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We have performed many CTC on the patients with OSAS and give the relative area by proportional view in the tongue based on the data.

scholarly journals Determination of the installation parameters for additional attachments on the plowing unit for soil tillage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chebotarev ◽  
◽  
I. Kruk ◽  
F. Nazarov ◽  
Y. Chigariev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Working Surface

Summary. This article is dedicated to the subject of designing additional tools for use with reversible ploughs that cuts and loosens topsoil. The aim is to reduce power consumption spent for soil tillage by using reversible ploughs with roller cultivators. Methods. Theoretical and experimental studies of the topsoil movement on the plough’s wing, the mouldboard and beyond. Results. Analysis of the movement of soil particles falling from the top edge of the plough’s moulboard has allowed to obtain analytical dependence for determining the size range of soil particles based on the geometry of the working surface of the plough’s body (distance from the soil surface to the top edge of the mouldboard, the angles of the edge of the mouldboard) and the kinematic parameters of the soil (speed of the plough and roller cultivator, soil particles speed on the edge of mouldboard, soil particles descent time). A research, on the movement of the soil particles, on the mouldboard surface of the plough's body is presented. The section through the mouldboard perpendicular to the wing of the plough is described by the equation of the "inverted" cycloid and based on it the dependences have been obtained to determine the kinematic parameters of the movement of the soil particles on the surface of the plough’s body, depending on the mouldboard type and properties of the soil. Results obtained in this article allow to design the roller cultivators for reversible ploughs with determined parameters of installation, in which the power consumption costs of the plowing process will be minimal. Conclusions. Obtained analytical dependences, that determine kinematic and technological parameters of the soil movement on the working surface of the plow, the section through the orthogonal wing that has the form of an "inverted"cycloid, the variable design and technological parameters of the plough and the conditions of its operation, allowing to justify the installation parameters of the roller cultivator relative to the plough, taking into account the proposed correction ratio, which depends on the mechanical properties of the soil and its structure.

scholarly journals ENERGETICAL, ECONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOIL TILLAGE MINIMISATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
A. Vilde ◽  
S. Cesnieks ◽  
A. Rucins
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Tillage Depth ◽  
Number Of Passes

The work sums up and briefly discusses solutions of soil tillage minimisation technologies and machinery, their agronomic, energetic, mechanic, economical and ecological aspects. Tillage minimisation is performed in directions: reducing number of passes, as well as tillage depth and intensity, joining operations, improving machine design and aggregation, using advanced more suitable technologies and machines, conducting tillage in optimal terms. Minimization of soil tillage is agronomically acceptable, energy, labour and cost saving action. Improvements in the machine design and use for the traditional soil tillage technologies allow to save 24- 36 % of energy (46-110 kWh/ha, which corresponds 12-27 kg/ha of fuel), to reduce labour consumption by 16- 22 %, as well as to cat tillage costs by 14-26 % (10-20 USD/ha). Soil tillage minimisation with ploughing reduces these indices up to two times, without ploughing – up to six times. Besides these actions there is preservation of soil and environment.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Mixing Process in a Splitting-and-Recombination Microreactor

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Yan ◽  
Shiteng Wang ◽  
Yi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Navier Stokes Equation ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spacing Distance ◽  
Comb Tooth

The mixing process between miscible fluids in a splitting-and-recombination microreactor is analyzed numerically by solving the Navier–Stokes equation and species transfer equation. The commercial microreactor combines rectangular channels with comb-shaped inserts to achieve the splitting-and-recombination effect. The results show that the microreactor with three-layer standard inserts have the highest mixing rate as well as good mixing efficiency within a wide range of Reynolds numbers from 0.1 to 160. The size parameters of the inserts, both the ratio of the width of comb tooth (marked as l) and the spacing distance (marked as s) between two comb teeth, and the ratio of the vertical distance (marked as V) of comb teeth and the horizontal distance (marked as H) are essential for influencing the liquid–liquid mixing process at low Reynolds numbers (e.g., Re ≤ 2). With the increase of s/l from 1 to 4, the mixing efficiency drops from 0.99 to 0.45 at Re = 0.2. Similarly, the increase in V/H is not beneficial to promote the mixing between fluids. When the ratio of V/H changes from 10:10 to 10:4, the splitting and recombination cycles reduce so that the uniform mixing between different fluids can be hardly achieved. The width of comb tooth (marked as l) is 1 mm and the spacing distance (marked as s) between two comb teeth is 2 mm. The vertical distance (marked as V) of comb teeth and the horizontal distance (marked as H) are both 10 mm.

scholarly journals Operational effects of implements on crop residues in soil tillage operations

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hůla ◽  
R. Šindelář ◽  
P. Kovaříček
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Maize Residues ◽  
Control Technologies

After spring barley harvest the operational effects of tillers and seed drill on spring barley residues were evaluated in two variants of cultural operations. Generally low values of soil surface coverage by crop residues after cultural operations were performed document that soil tillage and sowing did not comply with the criteria for conservation technologies &ndash; the coverage of soil surface by crop residues was lower by 30% after all cultural operations. After silage maize harvest we determined the weight of maize crop residues and coverage of soil surface by these residues after shallow tillage by a disk tiller when nine variants of the operating mode of the tiller were used. Obviously, the change in the operating mode of the tiller was able to influence the coverage of soil surface by maize residues. The evaluation of the operational effects of disc tiller on crop residues indicated some restraints of the use of this group of implements for conservation (erosion-control) technologies of soil tillage.

Triallate Granule Spacing Effect on Oat

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Phase Extension ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Volatile Phase ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Glasshouse experiments were conducted to determine the phytotoxic effect of triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)-diisopropylthiocarbamate] granules on oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Kelsey’). The sphere-of-influence of the granules was found to diminish rapidly with increase in the horizontal distance from the tips of the caryopses. At a distance of 10 mm from the caryopsis tip there was no significant effect on the growth of the oat seedling. The need for the granules to be in close proximity to the developing coleoptile could not be counteracted by increasing the number of granules per caryopsis once the granules were 10 mm or more from the caryopsis. These results give cause to seriously question the generally held belief that triallate disperses through the soil in a volatile phase. Extension of the first leaf and mesocotyl was inhibited much more readily by triallate than coleoptile extension, which was stimulated by a number of treatments. When granules were left on the soil surface of sub-irrigated pots the phytotoxic effect seemed to be mediated through triallate-exposure of the coleoptile tip.

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