scholarly journals Test for a large amount of entanglement, using few measurements

Quantum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Chao ◽  
Ben W. Reichardt ◽  
Chris Sutherland ◽  
Thomas Vidick
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Two Systems

Bell-inequality violations establish that two systems share some quantum entanglement. We give a simple test to certify that two systems share an asymptotically large amount of entanglement,nEPR states. The test is efficient: unlike earlier tests that play many games, in sequence or in parallel, our test requires only one or two CHSH games. One system is directed to play a CHSH game on a random specified qubiti, and the other is told to play games on qubits{i,j}, without knowing which index isi.The test is robust: a success probability withinδof optimal guarantees distanceO(n5/2δ)fromnEPR states. However, the test does not tolerate constantδ; it breaks down forδ=Ω~(1/n). We give an adversarial strategy that succeeds within delta of the optimum probability using onlyO~(δ−2)EPR states.

Unbounded entanglement in nonlocal games

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (15&16) ◽  
pp. 1317-1332
Author(s):  
Laura Mančinska ◽  
Thomas Vidick
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
Hardy's Paradox ◽  
First Time ◽  
Quantum Strategies

Quantum entanglement is known to provide a strong advantage in many two-party distributed tasks. We investigate the question of how much entanglement is needed to reach optimal performance. For the first time we show that there exists a purely classical scenario for which no finite amount of entanglement suffices. To this end we introduce a simple two-party nonlocal game H, inspired by Lucien Hardy’s paradox. In our game each player has only two possible questions and can provide bit strings of any finite length as answer. We exhibit a sequence of strategies which use entangled states in increasing dimension d and succeed with probability 1 − O(d−c ) for some c ≥ 0.13. On the other hand, we show that any strategy using an entangled state of local dimension d has success probability at most 1 − Ω(d−2 ). In addition, we show that any strategy restricted to producing answers in a set of cardinality at most d has success probability at most 1 − Ω(d−2 ). Finally, we generalize our construction to derive similar results starting from any game G with two questions per player and finite answers sets in which quantum strategies have an advantage.

scholarly journals How to Erase Quantum Monogamy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Ghenadie Mardari
Keyword(s):  
Quantum System ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arrow Of Time ◽  
Quantum Level ◽  
Delayed Choice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Quantum Erasure ◽  
Non Locality

The phenomenon of quantum erasure exposed a remarkable ambiguity in the interpretation of quantum entanglement. On the one hand, the data is compatible with the possibility of arrow-of-time violations. On the other hand, it is also possible that temporal non-locality is an artifact of post-selection. Twenty years later, this problem can be solved with a quantum monogamy experiment, in which four entangled quanta are measured in a delayed-choice arrangement. If Bell violations can be recovered from a “monogamous” quantum system, then the arrow of time is obeyed at the quantum level.

The Restructuring of the Automobile Industry in the USA

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Bingham ◽  
K K Sunmonu
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
The Us ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
The Usa

In this paper, the changes in the US automobile industry which have occurred over the 1979–86 economic downturn and recovery are examined within the framework of Markusen's profit-cycle theory. When viewing the automobile indusltry as a whole, some of the findings support the profit-cycle theory and others do not. The theory is supported, however, within the context of two distinct automobile industries in the USA—one ‘Fordist’ and the other a Japanese ‘post-Fordist’ system. The Fordist system is entering the negative profit-cycle phase and the post-Fordist system is in the mature phase. The two systems have very different spatial configurations and are likely to have very different economic futures.

Rating Delinquent Behavior

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Hooke
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Two Systems

This study questions the utility of classifying all juvenile offenders under the single rubric of “delinquent.” It presents two systems for classifying offenders according to the delinquent act. The first is a rating scale for severity. Correlations among the ratings of 13 judges ranged from .56 to 93, with a mean of .77. 10 judges rated direction of aggression—against people, against property, general asocial. The percentages of items on which each judge agreed with each of the other judges ranged from 70 to 97. 34 offenses were rated, and a 9- and a 5-point scale of severity are presented.

An Overview of the Interdiffusion Studies in Mo-Si and W-Si Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Soumitra Roy ◽  
Soma Prasad ◽  
Aloke Paul
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Refractory Elements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Diffusion Rates

The growth of phases by reactive diffusion in Mo-Si and W-Si systems are compared. The crystal structures of MSi2 and M5Si3 phases (M = Mo, W) are similar in these two systems. However, the diffusion rates of the components change systematically with a change in the atomic number. Integrated diffusion coefficients in both phases increase with an increasing atomic number of refractory elements i.e. from Mo to W. On the other hand, the ratio of diffusivities of the components decreases. This indicates a relative increase in the diffusion rates of the metal components with increasing atomic number and a difference in defects concentrations in these two systems.

Bell inequality for quNits with binary measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
H. Bechmann-Pasquinucci ◽  
N. Gisin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Maximally Entangled State ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Chsh Inequality ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Von Neumann Measurements

We present a generalized Bell inequality for two entangled quNits. On one quNit the choice is between two standard von Neumann measurements, whereas for the other quNit there are N^2 different binary measurements. These binary measurements are related to the intermediate states known from eavesdropping in quantum cryptography. The maximum violation by \sqrt{N} is reached for the maximally entangled state. Moreover, for N=2 it coincides with the familiar CHSH-inequality.

scholarly journals Hydrometeor and latent heat profiles of tropical cyclones Conson, Ivan and Catarina using PR/TRMM data

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Barbio Rosa ◽  
Augusto Pereira Filho ◽  
Prakki Satyamurty
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
High Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Hurricane Ivan ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ice Content

ABSTRACT Microphysical and thermodynamical features of two tropical systems, namely Hurricane Ivan and Typhoon Conson, and one sub-tropical, Catarina, have been analyzed based on space-born radar PR measurements available on the TRMM satellite. The procedure to classify the reflectivity profiles followed the Heymsfield et al (2000) and Steiner et al (1995) methodologies. The water and ice content have been calculated using a relationship obtained with data of the surface SPOL radar and PR in Rondonia State in Brazil. The diabatic heating rate due to latent heat release has been estimated using the methodology developed by Tao et al (1990). A more detailed analysis has been performed for Hurricane Catarina, the first of its kind in South Atlantic. High water content mean value has been found in Conson and Ivan at low levels and close to their centers. Results indicate that hurricane Catarina was shallower than the other two systems, with less water and the water was concentrated closer to its center. The mean ice content in Catarina was about 0.05 g kg-1 while in Conson it was 0.06 g kg-1 and in Ivan 0.08 g kg-1. Conson and Ivan had water content up to 0.3 g kg-1 above the 0ºC layer, while Catarina had less than 0.15 g kg-1. The latent heat released by Catarina showed to be very similar to the other two systems, except in the regions closer to the center.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE MEIOTIC DRIVE SYSTEMS IN THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MALE

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
George L Gabor Miklos ◽  
Armon F Yanders ◽  
W J Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
The Other ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Drive Systems

ABSTRACT The behaviour of two "meiotic drive" systems, Segregation-Distorter (SD) and the sex chromosome sc4sc8 has been examined in the same meiocyte. It has been found that the two systems interact in a specific way. When the distorting effects of SD and sc4sc8 are against each other, there is no detectable interaction. Each system is apparently oblivious to the presence of the other, gametes being produced according to independence expectations. However when the affected chromosomes are at the same meiotic pole an interaction occurs; the survival probability of the gamete containing both distorted chromosomal products is increased, rather than being decreased by the combined action of two systems.

Einstein, Bohm, Bell, and the Derivation of Bell’s Inequality

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-264
Author(s):  
Jim Baggott
Keyword(s):  
Quantum System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Standard Quantum ◽  
Realistic Interpretation ◽  
David Bohm ◽  
Quantum Formalism ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Non Local

By 1935, the Copenhagen interpretation had become the orthodoxy. Einstein needed to find a situation in which it is possible in principle to acquire knowledge of the state of a quantum system without disturbing it in any way. Working with two young theorists, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, Einstein devised an extraordinarily cunning challenge based on entangled particles. We can discover the state of one particle with certainty by making measurements on its entangled partner. All we have to assume is that the particles are local: any measurement we make on one in no way affects or disturbs the other. Through the work of David Bohm and John Bell, the challenge posed by EPR became accessible to experiment, and Bell devised a simple test for all locally realistic theories. All the experiments performed to date suggest that the standard quantum formalism is correct: in any realistic interpretation, quantum particles are non-local.

scholarly journals Citing Responsibility for Enforcement Despite Contractual Liability in Compensation Expense, Injured in Jurisprudence and Iranian Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Alireza Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
System Form ◽  
Iranian Law ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Contract Failure ◽  
Contractual Obligations

<p>Civil liability, contractual liability, and unconventional have two branches. If there is a contract between two or more persons and one of them committed a breach of contract (failure to perform, delay in performing the obligation) to and to harm the other party is incomplete and should the contract have contractual liability for damages cope. Where does harm to another person without a contract exists between them or if there is a contract, Inflict losses not related to the contract, the talk of non-contractual liability.</p><p>About whether contractual and non-contractual obligations is two different legal system or single legal system form, there is disagreement among the lawyers: Some distinguish these two systems from each other. But others believe that because the purpose of civil liability is to compensate for losses, these two are the single legal system.</p>By examining the different opinions, we see that both contractual and non-contractual liability system distinct from each other. And despite the contract, the victim can rely on the rules of non-contractual liability.

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