scholarly journals Effects of biocide exposure on P. Aeruginosa, E. coli and A. Baumannii complex isolates from hospital and household environments

Infectio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Felipe Vásquez-Giraldo ◽  
Gerardo Andrés Libreros-Zúñiga ◽  
María Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Reference Strains

Background: Bacterial responses to biocide exposure and its effects on survival and persistence remain to be studied in greater detail.Aim: To analyse the viability and survival of environmental isolates from household and hospital settings after biocide exposure.Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of chlorhexidine (CHxG), benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and triclosan (TC) were determined in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii complex and Escherichia coli collected from hospital and households environments. Viability was monitored after exposure and removal of biocides using agar cultures and flow cytometry.Findings: P. aeruginosa isolates showed greater tolerance for all biocides tested whereas A. baumannii complex and E. coli were less tolerant.When compared with reference strains, biocide tolerance was up to 8 to 13-fold higher for TC and BAC respectively. Flow cytometry showed that biocide exposure may induce viable but non-growing states in P. aeruginosa and E. coli isolates before becoming fully replicative. Changes in the susceptibility profile in one isolate of A. baumannii complex were observed after biocide exposure.Discussion: Bacteria isolates from hospital and households were able to recover after biocide exposure at bactericidal concentrations favouring persistence and spread of biocide-tolerant strains. This study reinforces that cleaning compliance should be monitored by non-culture based tests. Novel formulations in cleaning and disinfection protocols should be revisited in hospitals harbouring P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii multidrug resistant isolates.

Serum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin following Intravenous Administration

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
Michael N. Dudley ◽  
Hilary D. Mandler ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
Stephen H. Zinner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dose Levels

Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers were measured in nine healthy volunteers following single iv doses of ciprofloxacin 100, 150, and 200 mg. The median peak serum bactericidal titer (5 minutes following completion of a 30-minute infusion) against two highly susceptible strains of Escherichia coli ranged between 1:64 and 1:1024 and titers exceeded 1:8 for six hours for all dose levels. The bactericidal titers against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus were considerably lower, the median peak being 1:2 at all dose levels. Measured inhibitory and bactericidal titers at five minutes and one hour postinfusion were significantly greater than those predicted (measured serum ciprofloxacin concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] or minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) for only one strain of E. coli. Intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin 100–200 mg produce high and sustained serum bactericidal titers against highly susceptible bacteria; considerably lower levels of activity are seen against bacteria having higher MICs and MBCs but still considered susceptible to the drug.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E Castro ◽  
J.M Ribeiro ◽  
T.T Diniz ◽  
A.C Almeida ◽  
L.C Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lippia Sidoides

The antibacterial effect of Lippia sidoides (rosemary pepper) essential oil was tested against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from homemade Minas cheese produced in Brazil. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determined in the Dilution Test was 13 µL oil mL-1 for both bacteria, which characterizes inhibitory action in broth for a 24-hour interaction period. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) determined in the Suspension Test, with one minute of contact, was 25 µL oil mL-1 for both tested bacteria, obtaining at this concentration a bactericidal effect of 99.9% on the viable bacterial cells from each sample. Results demonstrated the bacterial activity of Lippia sidoides essential oil against S. aureus and E. coli, suggesting its use as an antibacterial agent in foods.

scholarly journals Combined efficacy of silver nanoparticles and commercial antibiotics on different phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
A. KAZEMNIA ◽  
M. AHMADI ◽  
K. MARDANI ◽  
M. MORADI ◽  
R. DARVISHZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Polymeric Chains

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can attach to flexible polymeric chains of antibiotics, hence it can be used in combination with antibiotics against resistant bacteria. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and MBC/MIC ratio of Ag-NPs and antibiotics (gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, cefixime, cephalexin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin) were quantified against 50 Escherichia coli isolates (25 human urinary tract infection and 25 avian colibacillosis). All isolates had been assigned as four phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, and D. The results showed that the majority of the human and broiler isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups A and B2. MBC/MIC ratio of Ag-NPs in combination with antibiotics was assessed. It was found that the MIC of the majority of broiler isolates to Ag-NPs was equal to or greater than 50 μg/ml. To conclude, a combination of penicillin and ciprofloxacin with Ag-NPs exhibited profound impact against isolates, the combinations might be applicable for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of silver nanoparticles combined with antibiotics on different phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kazemnia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Polymeric Chains

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can attach to flexible polymeric chains of antibiotics, hence it can be used in combination with antibiotics against resistant bacteria. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and MBC/MIC ratio of Ag-NPs and antibiotics (gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, cefixime, cephalexin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin) were quantified against 50 Escherichia coli isolates (25 human urinary tract infection and 25 avian colibacillosis). All isolates had been assigned as four phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, and D. The results showed that the majority of the human and broiler isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups A and B2. MBC/MIC ratio of Ag-NPs in combination with antibiotics was assessed. It was found that the MIC of the majority of broiler isolates to Ag-NPs was equal to or greater than 50 µg/ml. To conclude, as combination of penicillin with Ag-NPs and ciprofloxacin with Ag-NPs exhibited profound impact against isolates, the combinations might be used against multidrug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Wild-type cutoff for Apramycin against Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Yuqi Yang ◽  
Tianshi Xiao ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Ping Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility

Abstract Background Apramycin is used exclusively for the treatment of Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) infections in swine around the world since the early 1980s. Recently, many research papers have demonstrated that apramycin has obvious in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated in hospitals. Therefore, ensuring the proper use of apramycin in veterinary clinics is of great significance of public health. The objectives of this study were to develop a wild-type cutoff for apramycin against E.coli using a statistical method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and to investigate the prevalence of resistance genes that confer resistance to apramycin in E. coli . Results Antibacterial susceptibility testing of 1230 E.coli clinical isolates from swine were determinded by broth microdilution testing according to the CLSI document M07-A9. A total number of 310 E.coli strains from different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) subsets (0.5-256 µg/mL) were conveniently selected for the detection of resistance genes ( aac(3)-IV ; npmA ; apmA ) in E. coli by PCR. The percentage at each MIC (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 µg/mL) was 0.08%, 0.08%, 0.16%, 2.93%, 31.14%, 38.86%, 12.85%, 2.03%, 1.46%, and 10.41%. The MIC 50 and MIC 90 were 16 and 64 µg/mL. All the 310 E.coli isolates were negative for npmA and apmA gene, and only the aac(3)-IV gene was detected in this study. Conclusions The wild-type cutoff for apramycin against E.coli was defined as 32 µg/mL. The prevelance of aac(3)-IV gene mainly concentrated in these MIC subsets ‘MIC ≥ 64 µg⁄ mL’, which indicates that the wild-type cutoff established in our study is reliable. The wild-type cutoff offers interpretion criteria of apramycin susceptibility testing of E.coli .

scholarly journals Wild-type cutoff for Apramycin against Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Yang ◽  
Tianshi Xiao ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Ping Cheng ◽  
Fulei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The World

Abstract Background：Apramycin is used exclusively for the treatment of Escherichia coli (E.coli) infections in swine around the world since the early 1980s. Recently, many research papers have demonstrated that apramycin has significant in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant E.coli isolated in hospitals. Therefore, ensuring the proper use of apramycin in veterinary clinics is of great significance of public health. The objectives of this study were to develop a wild-type cutoff for apramycin against E.coli using a statistical method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and to investigate the prevalence of resistance genes that confer resistance to apramycin in E. coli.Results: Apramycin susceptibility testing of 1230 E.coli clinical isolates from swine were determinded by broth microdilution testing according to the CLSI document M07-A9. A total number of 310 E.coli strains from different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) subsets (0.5-256 µg/mL) were selected for the detection of resistance genes (aac(3)-IV; npmA; apmA) in E. coli by PCR. The percentage of E. coli isolates at each MIC (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 µg/mL) was 0.08%, 0.08%, 0.16%, 2.93%, 31.14%, 38.86%, 12.85%, 2.03%, 1.46%, and 10.41%. The MIC50 and MIC90 were 16 and 64 µg/mL. All the 310 E.coli isolates were negative for npmA and apmA gene, and only the aac(3)-IV gene was detected in this study.Conclusions: The wild-type cutoff for apramycin against E.coli was defined as 32 µg/mL. The prevelance of aac(3)-IV gene mainly concentrated in these MIC subsets ‘MIC ≥ 64 µg⁄ mL’, which indicates that the wild-type cutoff established in our study is reliable. The wild-type cutoff offers interpretion criteria of apramycin susceptibility testing of E.coli.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Various Cefoperazone/Sulbactam Products

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Ming-Jen Sheu ◽  
Chi-Chung Chen ◽  
Ying-Chen Lu ◽  
Bo-An Su ◽  
Chun-Cheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms

This study aims to assess the in vitro activity of different samples of cefoperazone/sulbactam (CFP/SUL) against multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-Escherichia coli, ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-PA) were collected. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-killing methods were used to assess and compare the in vitro activities of different samples of cefoperazone/sulbactam (CFP/SUL) against these MDROs. For ESBL-E. coli, ESBL-K. pneumoniae, and CR-PA, product C had smaller variations than product A and B (p < 0.05). For CR-AB, product B had the largest variation compared to the other two products (p < 0.05). In the time-killing studies, significant differences among the products when used at 16/16 µg/mL were noted for ESBL-E. coli, ESBL-K. pneumoniae, and CR-AB isolates. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the significantly different activity of different products of CFP/SUL against MDROs.

scholarly journals Wild-type cutoff for Apramycin against Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Yang ◽  
Tianshi Xiao ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Ping Cheng ◽  
Fulei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The World

Abstract Background：Apramycin is used exclusively for the treatment of Escherichia coli (E.coli) infections in swine around the world since the early 1980s. Recently, many research papers have demonstrated that apramycin has significant in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant E.coli isolated in hospitals. Therefore, ensuring the proper use of apramycin in veterinary clinics is of great significance of public health. The objectives of this study were to develop a wild-type cutoff for apramycin against E.coli using a statistical method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and to investigate the prevalence of resistance genes that confer resistance to apramycin in E. coli.Results: Apramycin susceptibility testing of 1230 E.coli clinical isolates from swine were determinded by broth microdilution testing according to the CLSI document M07-A9. A total number of 310 E.coli strains from different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) subsets (0.5-256 µg/mL) were selected for the detection of resistance genes (aac(3)-IV; npmA; apmA) in E. coli by PCR. The percentage of E. coli isolates at each MIC (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 µg/mL) was 0.08%, 0.08%, 0.16%, 2.93%, 31.14%, 38.86%, 12.85%, 2.03%, 1.46%, and 10.41%. The MIC50 and MIC90 were 16 and 64 µg/mL. All the 310 E.coli isolates were negative for npmA and apmA gene, and only the aac(3)-IV gene was detected in this study.Conclusions: The wild-type cutoff for apramycin against E.coli was defined as 32 µg/mL. The prevelance of aac(3)-IV gene mainly concentrated in these MIC subsets ‘MIC ≥ 64 µg⁄ mL’, which indicates that the wild-type cutoff established in our study is reliable. The wild-type cutoff offers interpretion criteria of apramycin susceptibility testing of E.coli.

scholarly journals Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Grünzweil ◽  
Lauren Palmer ◽  
Adriana Cabal ◽  
Michael P. Szostak ◽  
Werner Ruppitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Sequence Types

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

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