scholarly journals Fuzzy logic device for crop analysing, modeling and forecasting in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Bischokov
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Logic Device ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Using computer fuzzy-logical models based on empirical values of climatic characteristics (rainfall, temperature and humidity) of long-term observations (1955-2018) from meteorological stations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Nalchik, Baksan, Prokhladny and Terek) and crop yields (winter wheat, spring wheat, corn, sunflower, millet, oats), dependence of crop yields on variations of climatic factors were analyzed and a specific forecast was given. Setting expected values of climatic characteristics in computer model, we received possible values of productivity for the next season. Uniformity assessment (Dixon and Smirnov - Grabbsas criterion), stability (Student and Fischers criterion), statistical importance of parameters of distribution and accidental errors were determined. Originality of the method is in the fact that in the form of input parameters of the model predictors, the previously calculated forecast values of the meteorological parameters for the next agricultural year were used, and at the output, the predicted values of crop productivity were obtained as predictants. Furthermore, recommendations on adoption of management decisions were developed.

Weed Science Beyond the Weeds: The Role of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) in Agroecosystem Health

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Stephen D. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Weed Population Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Predictive Approaches

Integrated weed management (IWM) research has focused on how crop yields and weed interference are affected by changes in management, e.g., tillage, herbicide application timing and rates, cover crops, and planting patterns. Acceptance of IWM will depend on recommendation of specific strategies that manage weeds and maintain crop productivity; such research will and should continue. However, IWM needs to move from a descriptive to a predictive phase if long-term strategies are to be adopted. Linking management changes with crop-weed modeling that includes such components as weed population dynamics and the ecophysiological basis of competition will help predict future weed problems and solutions and the economic risks and benefits of intervention. Predictive approaches would help incorporate IWM into models of the processes that occur in agricultural systems at wider spatial and temporal scales, i.e., in agroecosystems comprised of the interactions among organisms (including humans) and the environment. It is at these larger scales that decisions about management are initiated and where questions about the long-term consequences and constraints of IWM and agriculture are often asked. These questions can be addressed by agroecosystem health, an approach that integrates biophysical, social, and economic concerns and recognizes that agriculture is part of a world with many complex subsystems and interactions. Indicators are used to examine the status of an agroecosystem, e.g., whether or not it contains all that is necessary to continue functioning. Indicators include soil quality, crop productivity, and water quality; all of these are related to the rationale of IWM, hence IWM can be linked to agroecosystem health. Ancillary effects of using IWM relate to other indicators such as diversity and energy efficiency. Linking IWM to agroecosystem health has at least two benefits: (1) predictive models within IWM can be incorporated into larger agroecosystem models to explore hitherto unforseen problems or benefits of IWM, and (2) the relevance and benefits of IWM should become clearer to the public and government agencies who otherwise might not examine how IWM promotes many of the larger social, economic and environmental goals being promulgated.

scholarly journals Strategic Tillage Effects on Crop Yields, Soil Properties, and Weeds in Dryland No-Tillage Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Augustine K. Obour ◽  
Johnathon D. Holman ◽  
Logan M. Simon ◽  
Alan J. Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
K Concentration

Long-term no-till (NT) systems in the semiarid central Great Plains of the United States require flexible management strategies to minimize the impacts of herbicide resistant (HR) kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) and tumble windmill grass (Chloris verticillata Nutt.) as well as nutrient stratification on soil and crop productivity. This study examined strategic tillage (ST) to control HR weeds and improve crop yields in an otherwise long-term NT cropping system. Treatments were three crop rotations: (1) continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW); (2) wheat-fallow (WF); and (3) wheat-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-fallow (WSF); as main plots. Subplots were reduced tillage (RT), continuous NT, and ST of NT. Results showed ST and RT treatments provided significant control of HR weeds. Soil water content at wheat planting was significantly less with RT compared to NT or ST. Strategic tillage did not affect wheat or grain sorghum yields, but RT decreased sorghum yields by 15% compared to NT. Increasing cropping intensity reduced wheat yields. Strategic tillage reduced bulk density and had no effect on aggregate size distribution or mean weight diameter (MWD) compared to NT though RT reduced the proportion of large macroaggregates and MWD. Similarly, ST compared to NT had no effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) or nitrogen (N) concentrations. Soil phosphorus (P) was not different among the tillage treatments though RT increased potassium (K) concentration near the soil surface. The SOC, MWD, and micronutrient availability were greatest with WW though it had significantly lower pH and K concentration. Our results suggest ST could provide a mitigation option for HR weeds in NT systems with little impact on crop yields and soil properties.

scholarly journals The need for the application of modern chemical insecticides and environmental consequences of their use: a mini review

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr V. Oberemok ◽  
Kateryna V. Laikova ◽  
Aleksei S. Zaitsev ◽  
Zenure Z. Temirova ◽  
Nikita V. Gal’chinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Modern Chemical ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Contact Dna

Abstract Currently, the use of insecticides is an acute problem. Due to rapid population growth, the primary task is to increase food production. Beyond abiotic factors (drought, soil salinity, etc.) that reduce crop yields, farmers face problems with insect pests that can decrease crop productivity up to 60%. Also, insects are carriers of severe viral and protozoan human diseases. The need for application of insecticides is not questioned but many of them cause resistance of insect pests to them. This, in turn, leads to the necessity to invent new insecticides that are safe and more effective for long-term use. Preparations based on conservative parts of nucleic acids, particularly contact DNA insecticides, could be used to solve insecticide resistance problem as control agents which are well-tailored to target insect pests. This mini review is devoted to these issues.

scholarly journals Combined Impact of Climate Change and Land Qualities on Winter Wheat Yield in Central Fore-Caucasus: The Long-Term Retrospective Study

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Vasilii Erokhin ◽  
Alexander Esaulko ◽  
Elena Pismennaya ◽  
Evgeny Golosnoy ◽  
Olga Vlasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Support Tool

Progressing climate change has been increasingly threatening the agricultural sector by compromising the resilience of ecosystems and endangering food security worldwide. Altering patterns of major climatic parameters require the perspectives of agricultural production to be assessed in a holistic way to understand the interactions of climatic and non-climatic factors on crop yield. However, it is difficult to distinguish the direct influence of changing temperature and precipitation on the productivity of crops while simultaneously capturing other contributing factors, such as spatial allocation of agricultural lands, economic conditions of land use, and soil fertility. Wide temporal and spatial fluctuations of climatic impacts substantially complicate the task. In the case of the 170-year retrospective analysis of the winter wheat sector in the south of Russia, this study tackles the challenge by establishing the multiplicative function to estimate crop yields as a long-term result of a combined influence of agricultural output parameters, qualities of soils, and climate variables. It is found that within the climate–land–yield triangle, linkages tighten or weaken depending on the strength of noise effects of economic and social perturbations. Still, the overall pressure of climate change on the cultivation of winter wheat has been aggravating. The inter-territory relocation of areas under crops based on the matching of soil types, precipitation, air temperature, and erodibility of lands is suggested as a climate response option. The approach can be employed as a decision support tool when developing territory-specific land management policies to cope with adverse climate impacts on the winter wheat sector.

Analysis of Crop Yield Prediction of Kharif & Rabi Jowar Crops Using Data Mining Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sujata Mulik
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rabi Crops

Agriculture sector in India is facing rigorous problem to maximize crop productivity. More than 60 percent of the crop still depends on climatic factors like rainfall, temperature, humidity. This paper discusses the use of various Data Mining applications in agriculture sector. Data Mining is used to solve various problems in agriculture sector. It can be used it to solve yield prediction.  The problem of yield prediction is a major problem that remains to be solved based on available data. Data mining techniques are the better choices for this purpose. Different Data Mining techniques are used and evaluated in agriculture for estimating the future year's crop production. In this paper we have focused on predicting crop yield productivity of kharif & Rabi Crops. 

Connecting Crop Nutrient Use Efficiency to Future Soil Productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Fernando García ◽  
Andrés Grasso ◽  
María González Sanjuan ◽  
Adrián Correndo ◽  
Fernando Salvagiotti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency

Trends over the past 25 years indicate that Argentina’s growth in its grain crop productivity has largely been supported by the depletion of the extensive fertility of its Pampean soils. Long-term research provides insight into sustainable nutrient management strategies ready for wide-scale adoption.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MAKING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN THE FIELD OF PREVENTION OF EYE DISEASES AT STUDENTS BASED ON MULTI-VARIANT SIMULATION AND FORECASTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Юлия Владимировна Татаркова ◽  
Татьяна Николаевна Петрова ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Александр Юрьевич Гончаров ◽  
Ольга Николаевна Крюкова
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Factor Space ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eye Fatigue ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
Medical Examinations

В настоящей статье представлен обзор основных решений, доступных сегодня для формирования как краткосрочных, так и долгосрочных проекций заболеваемости болезней глаза и его придаточного аппарата в студенческой среде. С другой стороны, существует ряд проблем, связанных с многообразием факторов, влияющих на заболеваемость, статистической необоснованностью и противоречивостью имеющихся результатов анализа данных. Представлены результаты математического моделирования зависимости показателя заболеваемости от наиболее влиятельных факторов образовательной и социальной среды. Перечислены важнейшие направления разработки математических моделей распространения заболеваемости. С помощью разработанного программного комплекса проведена серия вычислительных экспериментов по оценке и прогнозированию заболеваемости обучающихся в вузах разного профиля. Показана эффективность применения методики многовариантного моделирования и прогнозирования, указаны их ограничения и возможности практического применения. По расположению обобщенной области благоприятного прогноза в факторном пространстве можно определить время воздействия неблагоприятных для зрения факторов, которое должно составлять не более 10 ... 11 часов в сутки, количество профилактических мероприятий должно составлять не менее 3 ... 4. При этом риск развития миопии составит не более 0,4, вероятность усталости глаз за компьютером составит не более 0,4, вероятность дискомфорта глаз на занятиях составит не более 0,15. Исходя из характера прогноза, определяется длительность диспансерного наблюдения, а также потребность профилактических мероприятий по устранению или ослаблению действия неблагоприятно влияющих социально-гигиенических и медико-биологических факторов конкретного больного. Использование прогностической матрицы в практическом здравоохранении позволяет существенно улучшить работу по профилактике офтальмологической заболеваемости и является одним из эффективных мероприятий диспансеризации студенческой молодежи, так как дает возможность выделить из числа обучающихся группу с высоким риском неблагоприятного исхода заболевания This article provides an overview of the main solutions available today for the formation of both short-term and long-term projections of the incidence of eye diseases and its adnexa in the student environment. On the other hand, there are a number of problems associated with a variety of factors affecting the incidence, statistical unreasonability and inconsistency of the available data analysis results. The results of mathematical modeling of the dependence of the incidence rate on the most influential factors of the educational and social environment are presented. The most important areas of developing mathematical models for the spread of morbidity are listed. With the help of the developed software package, a series of computational experiments was carried out to assess and predict the incidence of students in universities of various profiles. The effectiveness of the application of multivariate modeling and forecasting methods is shown, their limitations and practical application possibilities are indicated. By the location of the generalized region of favorable prognosis in the factor space, it is possible to determine the exposure time of factors unfavorable for vision, which should be no more than 10 ... 11 hours a day, the number of preventive measures should be at least 3 ... 4. At the same time, the risk of development myopia will be no more than 0.4, the probability of eye fatigue at the computer will be no more than 0.4, the likelihood of eye discomfort in the classroom will be no more than 0.15. Based on the nature of the forecast, the duration of the follow-up observation is determined, as well as the need for preventive measures to eliminate or weaken the action of adverse social, hygienic and biomedical factors of a particular patient. The use of the prognostic matrix in practical health care can significantly improve the work on the prevention of ophthalmic morbidity and is one of the effective medical examinations for students, since it makes it possible to distinguish among the students a group with a high risk of an unfavorable outcome of the disease

Dynamics of Farm Power Sources and their Availability in Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM K. SUNDARAM ◽  
BIKAS SARKAR ◽  
PAWAN JEET ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR PATEL ◽  
ANUKUL P ANURAG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
National Average ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
North Western

The production levels of agriculture have remained low in eastern region of India mainly due to lack of location-specific production technologies, natural calamities like floods, water logging, drought, inadequate timely supply of critical inputs and social constraints. Bihar is one of the important agrarian states of Eastern India. The crop yields are low and almost stagnating in Bihar compared to the north-western and other parts of the country. To improve the productivity in this region mechanization of farms is of critical importance. The farm power availability in Bihar in 2017 is 2.80 kW/ha and is more than the national average of 2.03 kW/ha. Still there are 14 districts in Bihar which is below national average. The number of marginal farmers has increased from 84.18 to 91.21 during 2014-17, an increase of 7.03 percent. Increase in Small and fragmented land will further hindrance the farm mechanization process. The present study was conducted to understand dynamics of farm power availability in Bihar, so as to take substantial measures for improved mechanization and in turn crop productivity in the region.

Effect of long climatic ageing on the microstructure of the surface of сarbon-fiber-reinforced plastics on base epoxy matrix

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Deev ◽  
E. V. Kurshev ◽  
S. L. Lonsky
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Carbon Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Determining Factor

Studies and experimental data on the microstructure of the surface of samples of epoxy сarbon-fiber-reinforced plastics that have undergone long-term (up to 5 years) climatic aging in different climatic zones of Russia have been conducted: under conditions of the industrial zone of temperate climate (Moscow, MTsKI); temperate warm climate (Gelendzhik, GTsKI); a warm humid climate (Sochi, GNIP RAS). It is established that the determining factor for aging of carbon plastics is the duration of the complex effect of climatic factors: the longer the period of climatic aging, the more significant changes occur in the microstructure of the surface of the materials. The intensity of the aging process and the degree of microstructural changes in the surface of carbon plastics are affected by the features of the climatic zone. general regularities and features of the destruction of the surface of carbon plastics after a long-term exposure to climatic factors have been established on the basis of the analysis and systematization of the results of microstructural studies.

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