scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE POLICY IN INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
National Language ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Language ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Domestic Level

Indonesia has successfully implemented language policy by choosing Malay language as its national language which enables to unite ethnics from a variety of vernaculars’ background. However, Indonesia is not considered successful enough in preserving indigenous languages and promoting English as a crucial international language. In comparison with Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines faced some challenges when applying a language of majority as national language. Yet, both countries have more focuses to develop English in domestic level for global purposes. There are some sociolinguistic challenges for Indonesian policy makers in terms of local, national and international languages.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIOCULTURAL PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-231
Author(s):  
Zhou Xie ◽  
◽  
Fan Van ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Sociocultural Processes

The article examines the language policy of Kazakhstan from the point of view of historical development and in the context of the socio-cultural process of conjugation of the Chinese initiative «One Belt, One Road» and the program of Kazakhstan «Bright Path», the analysis of the modern language situation in Kazakhstan is made and on the basis of this analysis forecasts are made and determined prospects for the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as proposals for the development of language and culture in China. The authors substantiate the importance of the study of the language policy of Kazakhstan for the PRC, since China is a multinational country, and the study of the language policy of Kazakhstan will allow considering the methods adopted by another multiethnic country to solve the problems of the national language and the formation of language policy, and learn from the practice of Kazakhstan, which will allow the PRC to develop and implement a more effective policy in relation to national and foreign languages, as well as form proposals for the development of cultural exchanges between China and Kazakhstan. The article provides an overview of the current state of research on the language policy of Kazakhstan by Western European and Chinese scientists. The article analyzes documents on the language policy of Kazakhstan, examines such noticeable phenomena in the implementation of language policy as Kazakhization, Latinization of the Kazakh writing and trilingual policy, characterizes the development of the Chinese language in Kazakhstan. The authors of the article analyze in detail the most important trends in the socio-cultural life of Kazakhstan in terms of the implementation of a trilingual policy, consider the reasons for the popularity of the Chinese language in Kazakhstan and consider the activities of Confucius Institutes as the most important centers in the spread of the Chinese language and Chinese culture in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals The Language Question in Cameroon

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Echu
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
National Language ◽  
Education Administration ◽  
Official Language ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Main Components

In multilingual Cameroon, 247 indigenous languages live side by side with English and French (the two official languages) and Cameroon Pidgin English (the main lingua franca). While the two official languages of colonial heritage dominate public life in the areas of education, administration, politics, mass media, publicity and literature, both the indigenous languages and Cameroon Pidgin English are relegated to the background. This paper is a critique of language policy in Cameroon revealing that mother tongue education in the early years of primary education remains a distant cry, as the possible introduction of an indigenous language in the school system is not only considered unwanted by educational authorities but equally combated against by parents who believe that the future of their children lies in the mastery of the official languages. This persistent disregard of indigenous languages does not only alienate the Cameroonian child culturally, but further alienates the vast majority of Cameroonians who are illiterate (in English and French) since important State business is carried out in the official languages. As regards the implementation of the policy of official language bilingualism, there is clear imbalance in the use of the two official languages as French continues to be the dominant official language while English is relegated to a second place within the State. The frustration that ensues within the Anglophone community has led in recent years to the birth of Anglophone nationalism, a situation that seems to be widening the rift between the two main components of the society (Anglophones and Francophones), thereby compromising national unity. The paper is divided into five major parts. After a brief presentation of the country, the author dwells on multilingualism and language policy since the colonial period. The third, fourth and last parts of the paper focus on the critique of language policy in Cameroon with emphasis first on the policy of official language bilingualism and bilingual education, then on the place of indigenous languages, and finally on the national language debate.

scholarly journals Implementation Challenges of National Language Policy in Nigeria: The Roles of the Indigenous Languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-279
Author(s):  
Francis Owojecho
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
National Language Policy ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of

The administration and maintenance of linguistic plurality and multilingualism in Nigeria seem to come with a lot of challenges, given a setting within which English is still being assigned dominant functional roles. Language policy which is a deliberate effort to mandate specific language behaviours in particular contexts is characterized by many obvious implementation defects in Nigeria. Such defects revolve around lack of decisive policy guidelines being implemented about language development and allocation, language use, language rights, and a host of other important issues. This paper examines the detrimental effects that poor implementation of national language policy initiatives in Nigeria has had on the development and survival of indigenous languages in the immediate past. It reveals the unhealthy attitude of many Nigerians elite groups towards the sustainability of indigenous languages, the inability of successive government to select a single viable national language from the indigenous languages, non-codification of many minority languages, and inadequate definition of roles for indigenous languages in governance. The study found that the lack of adequate implementation of the language policy initiatives has given prominence to English which is consequently endangering the indigenous languages in Nigeria. 

PERMASALAHAN DALAM PERENCANAAN BAHASA PADA MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTURAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Riani Riani
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
National Language ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Local Language ◽  
National Examination ◽  
International Language ◽  
Language User ◽  
Prestige Language

One of problems in Indonesia as multicultural society is teaching and learning Indonesia language as national language, local language as a mother language, and English as an international language. There is a kind of tension between the three languages ra nging from language prestige, language policy, reservation of local language, national examination, etc. In multicultural society various interests of language user are accommodated in the three languages, which are in their development influence and sometimes conflict to each other. In this paper disscussess some issues relating language planning and teaching and learning published in Kompas and Seputar Indonesia newspaper from 2011.AbstrakSalah satu permasalahan di Indonesia sebagai masyarakat multikultural adalah pembelajaran dan pengajaran bahasa Indoensia sebagai bahasa nasional, bahasa daerah sebagai bahasa ibu serta bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional. Ada semacam tekanan antara ketiga bahasa seputar permasalahan prestise bahasa, kebijakan bahasa, pelestarian bahasa daerah, ujian nasional, dan lain-lain. Dalam masyarakat multikultural berbagai kepentingan pengguna bahasa diakomodasi oleh ketiga bahasa yang dalam perkembangannya saling mempengaruhi kadangkala saling berbenturan satu dengan lainnya. Dalam makalah ini dibahas beberapa isu -isu yang muncul berkaitan dengan perencanaan bahasa dan proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran yang dimuat di surat kabar nasional Kompas dan Seputar Indonesia pada tahun 2011.

LAS PARADOJAS DEL MULTILINGUISMO EN MÉXICO

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-127
Author(s):  
Maria Antonieta Flores Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Siglo Xx

En este artículo se desarrolla una breve retrospectiva de la historia del multilingüismo, es decir, de las políticas lingüísticas llevadas a cabo en México a partir de la Colonia, pasando por el período independista hasta llegar al siglo XX con el propósito de analizar, posteriormente, las circunstancias a las que se enfrentan las lenguas de Chiapas, en la actualidad. Dicho recuento nos permite concluir que las políticas lingüísticas en México han sido paradójicas desde la época colonial pues son contrarias al sentir de los mexicanos hablantes de lenguas originarias. Este recorrido también permitió percatarnos de que las circunstancias, a las que se enfrentan las lenguas originarias en Chiapas, se reproducen, con mayor o menor semejanza, en diferentes latitudes del mundo donde se hablan las denominadas “lenguas minoritarias”.  Palabras-clave. Multilingüismo, políticas lingüísticas en México, contacto de lenguas, lenguas minoritarias, transformaciones socioculturales.  Abstract: the article focuses on the mismatch between the Mexican´s stated official policy on language and the evolving linguistics realities from colony to nowadays in order to analyze the situation of the indigenous languages from Chiapas, today. The study reveals a permanent contradiction between the language policy in Mexico and the linguistics realities and also shows that Spanish as a successful national language is recent because this idiom was introduced during the colonial period but it didn´t take root until the last decades of the twentieth century. The article describes the conditions of the so called minority languages in Chiapas and reveals that these circumstances take place all over the world with few differences.  Key- words. Language policy in Mexico, multilingualism, contact languages, minority languages, social and cultural changes.      

Contesting the monolingual mindset

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
July De Wilde ◽  
Ellen Van Praet ◽  
Pascal Rillof
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
National Language ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork

This paper focuses on the day-to-day practices of service providers working with multilingual immigrants. It reports on 74 video recorded conversations between service providers and immigrant mothers, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork at Kind en Gezin, the organization that monitors childcare for the Flemish authorities in Belgium. In discussing the findings, we focus on two principal themes: First, we demonstrate what the language requirements enshrined in Belgium’s language policies entail for the day-to-day practices of service providers working with multilingual clients. Secondly, we argue that, in superdiverse contexts, the growing need is towards delegitimizing language policy makers’ protectionist claim that the national language should be the only language used in public service encounters.

scholarly journals Language Policy of Ukraine as a Source of Ethno-Political Destabilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
N. P. Medvedev ◽  
L. N. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
National Language ◽  
National Commission ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Language

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the language policy on political stability in Ukraine. The article examines the current provisions of the Ukrainian legislation related to the development of language policy, as well as the provisions of the latest draft laws on the status of languages in Ukraine. The authors have analyzed recent trends in the development of language policy, which are a source of destabilization in modern Ukraine.The problem of ethno-political stability becomes one of the key problems for the modern Ukrainian state. This issue was on a par with socio-economic issues and foreign policy interaction. Its scientific analysis is necessary to determine the impact of the state language policy implemented in Ukraine on the development of all regions of the country, which have significant differences in their national composition, history and traditions. In this context, the study of this issue has not only theoretical but also practical importance.One of the draft laws regulating the language sphere assumes that foreign citizens who intend to obtain Ukrainian citizenship will have to take exams in the Ukrainian language. The required level of proficiency will be determined by the national Commission on the standards of the Ukrainian language. It will be created if the bill is passed by Parliament. This Commission will be entrusted with the task of determining the necessary level of proficiency in the state language for the persons willing to occupy certain positions.The bill provides for the introduction of mandatory use of the state Ukrainian language by various authorities. It provides for the use of the Ukrainian language not only for documentation, but also for pre-election campaigns carried out at the expense of the state budget. The main trends that occur in the language sphere of Ukraine prove that they are part of the processes that occur in all the former republics of the USSR. They include the revival of interest in the national language and national culture, the desire to expand the social functions of the national language in different spheres of communication in each of the newly independent states and constitute a part of the process of statehood assertion.

scholarly journals The Use of English and the National Language on the Radio in asean Countries

MANUSYA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-288
Author(s):  
Amara Prasithrathsint ◽  
Kusuma Thongniam ◽  
Pimpat Chumkaew
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
International Language ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
National Languages

The purpose of the present study is to examine language choice on the radio in asean countries. The focus is on English and national languages, the two most important languages in those countries. A review of related past studies did not provide an answer to the question that we were interested in; i.e., which language is chosen for radio broadcasts in asean countries between the national language, which is the language most people understand and signifies national identity, and English, which is the lingua franca of the region and an international language? Data was taken from a sample of programs broadcast by radio stations in the ten asean countries. The results show that Singapore ranks the highest in using English in broadcasting (50% of all the programs), while Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam rank the lowest in using English (0%) but highest in using their national languages (100%). Code-switching between the countries’ national languages and English is found in five countries listed from highest to lowest as: the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia and Thailand. Code-switching is absent in Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. We conclude that despite the importance of English in the asean community, most asean countries prefer to use their national languages in radio broadcasting.

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