scholarly journals Optimizing Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e31-e47
Author(s):  
Chris Cherian ◽  
Gerard Malanga ◽  
Ken Mautner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Tgf Β1

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an orthobiologic treatment that has gained popularity as a potential alternative treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions. The physiologic role of platelets in the healing cascade provides clarity regarding its potential as it releases various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, there are various characteristics of PRP treatments including platelet count, presence or absence of leukocytes and red blood cells, as well as the use of an activating agent that introduces heterogeneity among preparations. This aim of this article is to provide clarity, where available, regarding the optimal characteristics for PRP treatments regarding tendon and ligament injuries as well as articular and muscular pathology.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian plasma kaya trombosit dan karbonat hidroksiapatit pada proses penutupan defek tulang kepala hewan coba tikus

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Nirmalasari ◽  
Maximillian Ch. Oley ◽  
Eko Prasetyo ◽  
Mendy Hatibie ◽  
Lily L. Loho
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Angiogenesis Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract: Recently, platelet rich plasma has been popular and its use has begin on human in developed countries. Platelet rich plasma is defined as autologus blood with concentration of platelets three to five times above baseline level, which contains at least seven growth factors like Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Platelet Derived Angiogenesis Factor (PDAF), Platelet Derived Endothelial Growth Factor (PDEGF), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF- β), Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The golden standard for reconstruction of cranial bone defects demonstrates osteoconduction scaffold, osteoinduction like growth factors, and osteogenesis. Alloplastic biomaterials have revolutionalized craniofacial reconstruction. Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) has been studied for years as implant material due to its similarity with the mineral component of bone. In this study we investigated and compare the effects of PRP and CHA on bone regeneration in rat cranial defects. This was an experimental study with a true experimental design on white male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Cranial deffects of 3 mm diameter were created in rat cranium and grafted with CHA and PRP combination, CHA alone, and control. The relationships among them were analyzed by using Mann Whitney and SPSS Statistics Program Package Version 22.0. The results showed that the experimental group of 2 weeks had no different between inflammatory reaction (P = 0.119), woven bone (P = 0.094) and lamellar bone (P = 0.130). At 4 weeks,a combination of PRP and CHA showed a superior growth of lamellar bone compared to CHA (P = 0.009). Conclusion: A combination of PRP and CHA in bone regeneration showed a histological tendency toward increased bone formation. However, future investigations should be conducted in different period times.Keywords: platelet rich plasma, carbonated hydroxyapatite, cranial defectAbstrak: Plasma kaya trombosit makin banyak digunakan dalam dunia kedokteran. Di negara maju pengunaannya sudah mulai diteliti pada manusia. Plasma kaya trombosit adalah fraksi plasma darah dengan konsentrasi platelet 3-5 kali diatas nilai normal yang mengandung sekurang-kurangnya 7 faktor pertumbuhan, diantaranya Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Platelet Derived Angiogenesis Factor (PDAF), Platelet Derived Endothelial Growth Factor (PDEGF), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF- β), Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), dan Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) yang dapat meningkatkan proses osteogenesis. Karbonat hidroksiapatit adalah material pengganti tulang yang dapat mempercepat regenerasi jaringan tulang serta memiliki kandungan kalsium,fosfat dan karbonat yang mirip dengan tulang manusia. Tulang yang tumbuh pada awal berupa tulang muda yang memiliki serat kolagen yang tidak teratur dan banyak osteosit disebut tulang imatur. Tulang imatur kemudian akan diganti oleh tulang matur yang memiliki serabut kolagen yang teratur. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental pada 36 hewan coba tikus putih wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Defek kalvaria pada tikus dengan diameter 3 mm diisi sesuai perlakuan: plasma kaya trombosit dengan karbonat hidroksiapatit, karbonat apatit tunggal, dan kontrol. Plasma kaya trombosit dibuat dari autologus darah tikus yang diberi perlakuan plasma kaya trombosit serta karbonat hidroksiapatit dan karbonat apatit tunggal. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney dan diolah dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pada minggu ke-2, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna reaksi inflamasi (P = 0,119), tulang imatur (P = 0,094), dan tulang matur (P = 0,130) diantara ketiga perlakuan. Pada minggu ke-4, tulang matur yang terbentuk lebih banyak pada perlakuan plasma kaya trombosit dan karbonat hidroksiapatit (P = 0,009). Simpulan: Pemberian plasma kaya trombosit dan karbonat hidroksiapatit dapat meningkatkan proses penutupan defek tulang kepala hewan percobaan tikus.Kata kunci : plasma kaya trombosit, karbonat hidroksiapatit, defek tulang kepala.

scholarly journals Growth factors and kinases in glioblastoma growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Peña-Ortiz ◽  
Liliana Germán-Castelán ◽  
Aliesha González-Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

<p>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain cancer, having the highest invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis rates. Several signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of these processes including growth factors and their tyrosine kinase receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF–I). Different kinases and regulators also participate in signaling pathways initiated by growth factors, such as mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK), protein kinases C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), the mTOR complex, and Bcl-2. In this review, we will focus on the role of these proteins as possible therapeutic targets in GBM.</p>

scholarly journals Fibrosis: Altered gene expression in TGF-β stimulated human fibroblasts of the Tenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Andreas Brietzke ◽  
Rudolf Guthoff ◽  
Thomas Stahnke ◽  
Niels Grabow
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Tgf Β1

AbstractDespite decades of research, fibrosis still remains a significant challenge for medicine in many different fields. Although there is a general model of fibrosis, the causes and characteristics of the various pathologies are as diverse as the variety of organs and tissues that can be affected by fibrosis. Moreover, fibrosis also impedes the long-term prospects of success in implantation surgery. One possibility to address this challenge is the development of biocompatible implants featuring drug delivery systems loaded with antifibrotic pharmaceuticals. Due to diverse regulatory mechanisms in organs, tissues and also cell types, these active substances must consequentially be designed for diverse specific applications. Compared to fibrosis in organs like lung or liver, these mechanisms were poorly addressed in ophthalmologic research, but it is known that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a key role. This gene expression study revealed 30 genes being upregulated more than two fold in TGF-β1 treated human primary tenon fibroblasts (hTF). Furthermore, 15 genes were found to be downregulated more than two fold. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and inhibin beta (INHBE) were particular strongly regulated in TGF-β1 treated hTFs.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Nerium indicum Mill. Decreases Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expressions in Keloid Fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Hernita Taurustya ◽  
Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih ◽  
Indwiani Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Keloid Fibroblast ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Keloid Fibroblasts

BACKGROUND: Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative dermis tumor characterized by an increase in growth factors which induce fibroblast proliferation, excessive migration, and synthesis of collagen. Nerium indicum Mill. extract had been studied as a keloid therapy agent. 5α-oleandrin contained in N. indicum has antikeloid activity by inhibiting keloid fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast migration, collagen deposition, and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) synthesis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of N. indicum extract on TGF-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in keloid fibroblast. METHODS: This research was a quasi-experimental research with a post-test only control group design. The research subjects were fibroblast cells passage IV-VII isolated from patients’ keloid tissue with explant techniques. Treatment groups received N. indicum extract with a serial concentration of 2 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml, and control group received medium only. The supernatant was obtained after 72 h incubation period. Examination of TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions was performed using ELISA procedure. RESULT: The expression of TGF-β1 in the treatment groups of the extract N. indicum (2 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml) was significantly lower than a control group of keloid fibroblasts (p < 0.05), according to increased concentration. VEGF expression in the treatment groups of N. indicum extract was lower compared to the control group of keloid fibroblasts. A significant decrease in keloid fibroblast VEGF levels occurred at extract concentrations of 2 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: N. indicum extract could decrease TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions compared to control medium in keloid fibroblast cultures.

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma Prevents In Vitro Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition: Involvement of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF Receptor-1-Mediated Signaling †

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Chellini ◽  
Alessia Tani ◽  
Larissa Vallone ◽  
Daniele Nosi ◽  
Paola Pavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tgf Β1

The antifibrotic potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is controversial. This study examined the effects of PRP on in vitro transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, the main drivers of fibrosis, and the involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in mediating PRP-induced responses. The impact of PRP alone on fibroblast differentiation was also assessed. Myofibroblastic phenotype was evaluated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and western blotting analyses of α-smooth muscle actin (sma) and type-1 collagen expression, vinculin-rich focal adhesion clustering, and stress fiber assembly. Notch-1, connexin 43, and VEGF-A expression were also analyzed by RT-PCR. PRP negatively regulated fibroblast-myofibroblast transition via VEGF-A/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1-mediated inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Indeed TGF-β1/PRP co-treated fibroblasts showed a robust attenuation of the myofibroblastic phenotype concomitant with a decrease of Smad3 expression levels. The VEGFR-1 inhibition by KRN633 or blocking antibodies, or VEGF-A neutralization in these cells prevented the PRP-promoted effects. Moreover PRP abrogated the TGF-β1-induced reduction of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 cell expression. The role of VEGF-A signaling in counteracting myofibroblast generation was confirmed by cell treatment with soluble VEGF-A. PRP as single treatment did not induce fibroblast myodifferentiation. This study provides new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning PRP antifibrotic action.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document