State topographic monitoring: geospatial-and-informational potential and ways of implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 957 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
E.A. Brovko ◽  
T.V. Vereschaka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Automated Technology ◽  
The One

The authors highlight the results of ongoing research published in [1]. The ways of possible implementation of the state topographic monitoring (STM) as a geographically distributed information system and the basic component, of the Federal spatial data Fund on the one hand and a single electronic cartographic basis that needs constant updating on the other are proposed. The authors describe the documentary sources of state information resources, their advantages and disadvantages. Integration of Sciences and inter-scientific relations in the monitoring system are considered. The directions of priority developments and the results of research are shown. The concept of the electronic map of zoning the territory of Russia in the order of STM with an illustration of its content and functionality is presented. The automated technology of monitoring at its various stages and levels, defined as overview and detailed, is justified. The purpose of each level, their coordination and relationship are highlighted. A new spatial information resource in the form of a digital topographic map-on-duty is proposed. The technological scheme of detailed topographic monitoring is given. The matter of the need to improve the regulatory and technical regulation of STM is raised. In conclusion, the advantages of monitoring to meet the country’s needs for up-to-date geospatial information are emphasized.

scholarly journals A Survey of Marker-Less Tracking and Registration Techniques for Health & Environmental Applications to Augmented Reality and Ubiquitous Geospatial Information Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki ◽  
Soo-Mi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
The Real ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Geospatial Information Systems

Most existing augmented reality (AR) applications are suitable for cases in which only a small number of real world entities are involved, such as superimposing a character on a single surface. In this case, we only need to calculate pose of the camera relative to that surface. However, when an AR health or environmental application involves a one-to-one relationship between an entity in the real-world and the corresponding object in the computer model (geo-referenced object), we need to estimate the pose of the camera in reference to a common coordinate system for better geo-referenced object registration in the real-world. New innovations in developing cheap sensors, computer vision techniques, machine learning, and computing power have helped to develop applications with more precise matching between a real world and a virtual content. AR Tracking techniques can be divided into two subcategories: marker-based and marker-less approaches. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of marker-less registration and tracking techniques and reviews their most important categories in the context of ubiquitous Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) and AR focusing to health and environmental applications. Basic ideas, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as challenges, are discussed for each subcategory of tracking and registration techniques. We need precise enough virtual models of the environment for both calibrations of tracking and visualization. Ubiquitous GISs can play an important role in developing AR in terms of providing seamless and precise spatial data for outdoor (e.g., environmental applications) and indoor (e.g., health applications) environments.

scholarly journals Development of framework for aggregation and visualization of three-dimensional (3D) spatial data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihal Miu ◽  
Xiaokun Zhang ◽  
M. Ali Akber Dewan ◽  
Junye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Geospatial Information

Geospatial information plays an important role in environmental modelling, resource management, business operations, and government policy. However, very little or no commonality between formats of various geospatial data has led to difficulties in utilizing the available geospatial information. These disparate data sources must be aggregated before further extraction and analysis may be performed. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework called PlaniSphere, which aggregates various geospatial datasets, synthesizes raw data, and allows for third party customizations of the software. PlaniSphere uses NASA World Wind to access remote data and map servers using Web Map Service (WMS) as the underlying protocol that supports service-oriented architecture (SOA). The results show that PlaniSphere can aggregate and parses files that reside in local storage and conforms to the following formats: GeoTIFF, ESRI shape files, and KML. Spatial data retrieved using WMS from the Internet can create geospatial data sets (map data) from multiple sources, regardless of who the data providers are. The plug-in function of this framework can be expanded for wider uses, such as aggregating and fusing geospatial data from different data sources, by providing customizations to serve future uses, which the capacity of the commercial ESRI ArcGIS software is limited to add libraries and tools due to its closed-source architectures and proprietary data structures. Analysis and increasing availability of geo-referenced data may provide an effective way to manage spatial information by using large-scale storage, multidimensional data management, and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) capabilities in one system.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA INTO GEOSPATIAL REFERENCE INFORMATION DATABASES. UN-GGIM NATIONAL APPROACH

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 721-725
Author(s):  
A. Arozarena ◽  
G. Villa ◽  
N. Valcárcel ◽  
B. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Reference Information

Remote sensing satellites, together with aerial and terrestrial platforms (mobile and fixed), produce nowadays huge amounts of data coming from a wide variety of sensors. These datasets serve as main data sources for the extraction of Geospatial Reference Information (GRI), constituting the “skeleton” of any Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). <br><br> Since very different situations can be found around the world in terms of geographic information production and management, the generation of global GRI datasets seems extremely challenging. Remotely sensed data, due to its wide availability nowadays, is able to provide fundamental sources for any production or management system present in different countries. After several automatic and semiautomatic processes including ancillary data, the extracted geospatial information is ready to become part of the GRI databases. <br><br> In order to optimize these data flows for the production of high quality geospatial information and to promote its use to address global challenges several initiatives at national, continental and global levels have been put in place, such as European INSPIRE initiative and Copernicus Programme, and global initiatives such as the Group on Earth Observation/Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEO/GEOSS) and United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM). These workflows are established mainly by public organizations, with the adequate institutional arrangements at national, regional or global levels. Other initiatives, such as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), on the other hand may contribute to maintain the GRI databases updated. <br><br> Remotely sensed data hence becomes one of the main pillars underpinning the establishment of a global SDI, as those datasets will be used by public agencies or institutions as well as by volunteers to extract the required spatial information that in turn will feed the GRI databases. <br><br> This paper intends to provide an example of how institutional arrangements and cooperative production systems can be set up at any territorial level in order to exploit remotely sensed data in the most intensive manner, taking advantage of all its potential.

scholarly journals Big Data breaking barriers - first steps on a long trail

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schade
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
The One

Most data sets and streams have a geospatial component. Some people even claim that about 80% of all data is related to location. In the era of Big Data this number might even be underestimated, as data sets interrelate and initially non-spatial data becomes indirectly geo-referenced. The optimal treatment of Big Data thus requires advanced methods and technologies for handling the geospatial aspects in data storage, processing, pattern recognition, prediction, visualisation and exploration. On the one hand, our work exploits earth and environmental sciences for existing interoperability standards, and the foundational data structures, algorithms and software that are required to meet these geospatial information handling tasks. On the other hand, we are concerned with the arising needs to combine human analysis capacities (intelligence augmentation) with machine power (artificial intelligence). This paper provides an overview of the emerging landscape and outlines our (Digital Earth) vision for addressing the upcoming issues. We particularly request the projection and re-use of the existing environmental, earth observation and remote sensing expertise in other sectors, i.e. to break the barriers of all of these silos by investigating integrated applications.

scholarly journals Developing UAV-Based Forest Spatial Information and Evaluation Technology for Efficient Forest Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10150
Author(s):  
Yongyan Zhu ◽  
Seongwoo Jeon ◽  
Hyunchan Sung ◽  
Yoonji Kim ◽  
Chiyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
National Forest Planning

Forest spatial information is regularly established and managed as basic data for national forest planning and forest policy establishment. Among them, the grade of vegetation conservation shall be investigated and evaluated according to the value of vegetation conservation. As the collection of field data over large or remote areas is difficult, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used for this purpose. Consequently, there is a need for research on UAV-monitoring and three-dimensional (3D) image generation techniques. In this study, a new method that can efficiently collect and analyze UAV spatial data to survey and assess forests was developed. Both UAV-based and LiDAR imaging methods were evaluated in conjunction with the ground control point measurement method for forest surveys. In addition, by fusing the field survey database of each target site and the UAV optical and LiDAR images, the Gongju, Samcheok, and Seogwipo regions were analyzed based on deep learning. The kappa value showed 0.59, 0.47, and 0.78 accuracy for each of the sites in terms of vegetation type (artificial or natural), and 0.68, 0.53, and 0.62 accuracy in terms of vegetation layer structure. The results of comparative analysis with ecological natural maps by establishing vegetation conservation levels show that about 83.9% of the areas are consistent. The findings verified the applicability of this UAV-based approach for the construction of geospatial information on forests. The proposed method can be useful for improving the efficiency of the Vegetation Conservation Classification system and for conducting high-resolution monitoring in forests worldwide.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PETA POTENSI DESA BERBASIS SPASIAL UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA DI KECAMATAN BUNGA RAYA KABUPATEN SIAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Suwondo Suwondo ◽  
Almasdi Syahza ◽  
Musrifin Galib ◽  
Reby Oktarianda
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Potential Map ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Evaluation Stage ◽  
The Village ◽  
Spatial Maps

Village development planning requires information in the form of spatial data that is precise and accurate so that it can be used to analyze development needs in environmental, economic, and social aspects. It shows the limited spatial information related to village administration, village potential, and toponymy. The development of a spatial-based village potential map aims to present spatial information to be used in village development planning. The spatial map was developed through a participatory approach by involving Riau University students. Data collection was carried out with multi parties' participation, including the Geospatial Information Agency, Siak Regency Government, LPPM Riau University, and the World Research Institute. The method of developing spatial maps is done using the Avenza Maps application based on android and Arc Gis. The activity was carried out in Bunga Raya District, Siak Regency. Development activities are carried out through the stages of preparation (identification of needs and training), implementation (field mapping), and evaluation (making village spatial maps and verification). The results of developing a spatial-based village potential map showed promising results. The preparation stage resulted in identifying the components needed, such as base maps, developing student human resources by conducting training on using the Avenza Maps application. The implementation stage produces spatial coordinates of the village potential through participatory field surveys between Riau University students and the District's community/village apparatus. The evaluation stage produces spatial maps that have been verified by the Siak Regency Government, especially the village administrative boundaries. Thus, spatial mapping results can be used as a database in development planning and can be used as a baseline for spatial data for Siak Regency.

scholarly journals Open Source Based Deployment of Environmental Data into Geospatial Information Infrastructures

2013 ◽  
pp. 952-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gil ◽  
Laura Díaz ◽  
Carlos Granell ◽  
Joaquín Huerta
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Open Development ◽  
Data Infrastructures

Today, scientists use local and closed geospatial solutions to run their models and store their results. This may limit their ability to share their models, and results with other interested colleagues. This scenario is changing with the advent of new factors such as the rapid growth and rise of open source projects, or new paradigms promoted by government organizations to manage environmental data, such as Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) directive, or the massive use of Web 2.0 techniques where users are looking for applications with a high degree of collaboration, interactiveness, and multimedia effects. Many authors address the versatility of Spatial Data Infrastructures where resources are shared and accessed via standard service according to complex specifications. In this context, the authors point out the need to merge the traditional building and maintenance of these infrastructures, driven by official providers, with these more participative methodologies where users can participate in creating and integrating information. It seems necessary to develop new geospatial tools which integrate these new trends. This paper proposes a unified solution offering to the scientific field an open development framework, based on standards and philosophies focused on new technologies and scientific needs.

scholarly journals Open Source Based Deployment of Environmental Data into Geospatial Information Infrastructures

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gil ◽  
Laura Díaz ◽  
Carlos Granell ◽  
Joaquín Huerta
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Open Development

Today, scientists use local and closed geospatial solutions to run their models and store their results. This may limit their ability to share their models, and results with other interested colleagues. This scenario is changing with the advent of new factors such as the rapid growth and rise of open source projects, or new paradigms promoted by government organizations to manage environmental data, such as Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) directive, or the massive use of Web 2.0 techniques where users are looking for applications with a high degree of collaboration, interactiveness, and multimedia effects. Many authors address the versatility of Spatial Data Infrastructures where resources are shared and accessed via standard service according to complex specifications. In this context, the authors point out the need to merge the traditional building and maintenance of these infrastructures, driven by official providers, with these more participative methodologies where users can participate in creating and integrating information. It seems necessary to develop new geospatial tools which integrate these new trends. This paper proposes a unified solution offering to the scientific field an open development framework, based on standards and philosophies focused on new technologies and scientific needs.

scholarly journals Functional Cartography – About the quality of maps from the era of artefacts to the era of services and beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Georg Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Perception System ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cartography as a discipline is generally concerned with communicating spatial information to human users (Kraak et al 2017). This is done through applying methods to communicate spatial information by visually perceivable graphical codes. This transfer is needed only because of the restricted human perception system (MacEachren 1995). The subsequently applied cartographic methods are generally sacrificing the quality, accuracy, homogeneity and integrity of the processed spatial data for the sake of human-perceivable aggregated and subsequently abstracted information. Usually this results in representation models, speaking of maps as the most common ones.</p><p> While the production of maps, including all methods dealing with transforming data into graphics such as generalisation, symbolisation have been heavily looked into in research traditionally, the way maps are used or can be used is recently gaining stronger interest, such as from cognitive and perception perspectives, dealing with questions such as “how maps work”. However, it can be argued, that even if we know a lot about how maps can be produced and modelled, and how they work, we ultimately are not able to say if a map is “good” in terms of satisfying the needs and demands of a particular user in a particular situation and context, thus describing the concept of quality of maps (Gartner 1998).</p><p> A map can be designed in a way, that it it perceivable, has no graphic conflicts, communicates particular spatial information but might not be leading into the same satisfaction as another map depicting the same spatial information in a different way. We can think of this as similar to other communication forms, e.g. human communication. Although two persons might express something similar, differences in the words which are used, how they are used, how they are pronounced, how quick/slow/loud they are spoken, of whom they are expressed and in which situation are influencing, whether one or the other communication is more effective and successful and seen as the one with “higher quality” (Gartner 1998).</p><p> Maps have a variety of functions (Morrison 1978). It can be assumed, that only if the map fulfils those particular function, it is assessed and judged as a good map. But what are those functions? Some are related to the data and the information which is depicted in the map (how accurate, how complete), some are related to the way the data is visualised and graphically depicted (how perceivable, how clear) and some are related to the user and his context (how pleasing, how entertaining, how useful, how informative, how “enabling”).</p><p> In this paper a structured analysis of the functions of maps due to the various context dimensions of the cartographic communication process will be given. It is argued, that cartography as a discipline is going through a major change of paradigms, the cartographic era of artefacts is replaced by the era of services while a cognitive era in the domain of cartography can be envisioned already (Griffin et al 2017). For all of those eras different functions and criterias of qualities need to applied.</p>

Geospatial Interoperability

2011 ◽  
pp. 1652-1658
Author(s):  
Manoj Paul ◽  
S.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Data Formats

Spatial information is an essential component in almost all decision support system due to the capability it provides for analyzing anything that has reference to the location on earth. Spatial data generally provides thematic information of different aspects over a region. Geospatial information, a variant of spatial information, is generally collected on thematic basis, where individual organizations are involved on any particular theme. Geospatial thematic data is being collected from decades and huge amount of data is available in different organizations (Stoimenov, Dordevi´c, & Stojanovi´c 2000). Information communities find it difficult to locate and retrieve required geospatial information from other geospatial sources in reliable and acceptable form. The problem that has been incurred is the lack of standards in geospatial data formats and storage/access mechanism (Devogele, Parent, Spaccapietra, 1998). Heterogeneity in geospatial data formats and access methods poses a major challenge for geospatial information sharing among a larger user community. With the growing need of geospatial information and widespread use of Internet has fostered the requirement of geospatial information sharing over the Web. The Geo-Web (Lake, Burggraf, Trninic, & Rae, 2005) is being envisioned to be a distributed network of interconnected geographic information sources and processing services that are: • Globally accessible, that is, they live on the internet and are accessed through standard Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and W3C interfaces, • Globally integrated data sources that make use of standard data representation for sharing and transporting geospatial data. Unless a standard means for geospatial information sharing is developed, interoperability cannot be realized. Without successful interoperability approaches, the realization of Geo-Web is not possible. Geo-Web is being developed to address the need for access to current and accurate geospatial information from diverse geospatial sources around the world. The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) initiative has been taken by many nations for providing integrated access of geospatial information (Budak, Sheth, & Ramakrishnan, 2004). Actual data will be kept under the jurisdiction of the organization producing that data. A user will be interested in availing geospatial services through well-defined interface. Without some internationally agreed upon standards for geospatial data and computational methodology, this cannot be made into existence. This chapter discusses several issues towards geospatial interoperability and adoption of geography markup language (GML) (Cox, Cuthbert, Lake, & Martell, 2001; Lake et al., 2005) as a common geospatial data format. The associated technologies that can be used for realizing geospatial interoperability have also been discussed.

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