scholarly journals Ego Between Ethics and Cybernetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-273
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Meditations On First Philosophy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Intentional Structure ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
Adaptation Model

The article attempts to clarify the problem of defining an action through ethical optics. Ethics is understood as a system of principles relevant to action. As Agamben has shown, the rules permit objectifying the ego and neutralizing the flow of life as forma vitae. From this perspective, the pragmatics of the subject is not merely a set of practices for self-management, where the most important task is complete control; it is instead strategies for the self-organization of a form of life through a rule which makes sustainability the main goal. The main difficulty in the pragmatics of the subject in this connection is dealing with akrasia. Akrasia is understood not as weakness of will but as heterogeneity in it, a lacuna or violation of the intentional structure of action in which the subject can both want and not want to act, or want to act in several directions at the same time in the sense introduced by Jon Elster. The article argues that the adaptation model of subject pragmatics, understood as a system of auto-references mediated by a rule is very similar to a cybernetic approach. If we compare Gregory Bateson’s The Cybernetics of “Self”: A Theory of Alcoholism and René Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, an unexpected convergence appears. Bateson explains the effectiveness and sustainability of self-management in Alcoholics Anonymous groups by their use of the cybernetic principles of feedback, complementarity, and communication with the external. The rules for guiding the mind that Descartes introduces in his Meditations can be seen as principles for the subject’s self-government that enable escape from akrasia between doubt and faith not as modes of thought but as modes of will. Cartesian deduction and justification of rules follow the path outlined by Bateson: complementarity, feedback, and establishing a relationship with the external. The concept of akrasia can elucidate the way in which self-management and Descartes’ cogito ethics in a sense anticipate cybernetic governance models. This connection also explains why the ethics of the cogito and the pragmatics of the subject have been the most enduring features in the theory of the subject and are still standing after the onslaught of intense criticism from its opponents.

PENERAPAN TEKNIK SELF MANAGEMENT TERHADAP KEPATUHAN BEROBAT PENDERITA HIV DI YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliati Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Self management is a strategy in which the cognitive behavioral approach in the application, subject to the expected full attendance during the intervention process. NAP is an HIV patient and had undergone antiretroviral therapy. Saturation, fatigue experienced by NAP during the ARV therapy, so found some times subject medical leave provisions. Healthy behavior in a sick person (in this case a person suffering from HIV) one of which is adherent to treatment that must be endured. This research aims to gain result the applying of self management techniques against medication adherence of NAP patient with HIV in the Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Pamardi PutraYogyakarta. This study focuses on the application of self-management techniques that include self-monitoring, self reinforcement and self evaluation of medication adherence that includes aspects of belief, accept and act on the subject. Researchers used quantitative approach by using the method of single subject design N = 1 model A-B-A now where the measurements and observations made in each phase. The subject in this study as many as one person with initials NAP. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of applying the self management technique against NAP’s medication adherence. The results of this study indicate that the application of self-management techniques have a positive effect in improving NAP’s medication adherence with skor of 2SD smaller than skor of the mean phase difference A2 and A1. Stages through the application of this technique is extracting and determining value, set goals, formulate an action plan, the implementation of self-monitoring, self reinforcement and self evaluation. Based on the analysis of the results of the study concluded that the motivation, participation and discipline will determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Support of family members is also important to support the commitment of the subjects in this therapy.Keywords: behavior modification, HIV, medication adherence, self-management AbstrakManusia dapat memutuskan dan menentukan dirinya sendiri. Berdasarkan asumsi tersebut teknik self management merupakan salah satu teknik modifikasi perilaku yang memfokuskan pada regulasi diri. Self management merupakan salah satu strategi dalam pendekatan perilaku kognitif dimana dalam penerapannya, subjek diharapkan kehadiran penuh selama proses intervensi. NAP adalah seorang penderita HIV dan telah menjalani terapi ARV. Kejenuhan, kelelahan dialami NAP selama mengikuti terapi ARV, sehingga ditemukan beberapa kali subjek meninggalkan ketentuan-ketentuan medis. Perilaku sehat pada orang sakit (dalam kasus ini seseorang yang menderita HIV) salah satunya adalah patuh terhadap pengobatan yang harus dijalani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hasil dari penerapan teknik self management terhadap kepatuhan berobat subjek NAP sebagai penderita HIV di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Pamardi Putra Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada penerapan teknik self management yang mencakup self monitoring, self reinforcement dan self evaluation terhadap kepatuhan berobat yang mencakup aspek mempercayai (belief), menerima (accept) dan tindakan (act) pada subjek. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode single subject design N=1 dengan model A-B-A dinama pengukuran dan pengamatan dilakukan di setiap fase. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak satu orang dengan inisial NAP. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh penerapan teknik self management terhadap kepatuhan berobat subjek NAP. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik self management mempunyai pengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan berobat subjek NAP dengan nilai 2SD lebih kecil dari selisih mean fase A2 dan A1. Tahapan yang dilalui dalam penerapan teknik ini adalah penggalian dan penentuan value, menetapkan goals, merumuskan rencana tindakan, pelaksanaan self monitoring, self reinforcement dan self evaluation. Berdasarkan analisa hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa motivasi, peran serta dan kedisiplinan akan menentukan efektifitas intervensi. Dukungan anggota keluarga juga penting untuk mendukung komitmen subjek dalam terapi ini.Kata kunci:  HIV, kepatuhan berobat, modifikasi perilaku, self management

scholarly journals I. The Croonian Lecture.—On the theory of the vertebrate skull

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 381-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Biological Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Space ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
The Mind

The necessity of discussing so great a subject as the Theory of the Vertebrate Skull in the small space of time allotted by custom to a lecture, has its advantages as well as its drawbacks. As, on the present occasion, I shall suffer greatly from the disadvantages of the limitation, I will, with your permission, avail myself to the uttermost of its benefits. It will be necessary for me to assume much that I would rather demonstrate, to suppose known much that I would rather set forth and explain at length; but on the other hand, I may consider myself excused from entering largely either into the history of the subject, or into lengthy and controversial criticisms upon the views which are, or have been, held by others. The biological science of the last half-century is honourably distinguished from that of preceding epochs, by the constantly increasing prominence of the idea, that a community of plan is discernible amidst the manifold diversities of organic structure. That there is nothing really aberrant in nature; that the most widely different organisms are connected by a hidden bond; that an apparently new and isolated structure will prove, when its characters are thoroughly sifted, to be only a modification of something which existed before,—are propositions which are gradually assuming the position of articles of faith in the mind of the investigators of animated nature, and are directly, or by implication, admitted among the axioms of natural history.

Tendency of mass people to misunderstand (intentionally or not) the agony of the psychiatric patient and tormenting them as a subject of mockery with an emphasize on somatic-symptom disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Somatic Symptom Disorder ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
The People ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Affected Subject

Psychiatric disorders’ or as emphasized in the paper in the form of somatic-symptom disorder, a sub-category of Schizophrenia has been from the ancient of the human civilization, when the medicinal approach and treatment of the subject hasn’t been developed yet, the notion of the affected subject to be under some spiritual subjugation has automatically been implied on the minds of the people which leads to immense torture and torment of the subject by the society. However, in the modern medical scenario, the situation has shifted from spiritual/evilness to the extreme derision where it has been already implied on the healthy societies brain that, the subject is intentionally acting like a patient or it’s a ‘disease of the mind’ with no associated physical pain which being attributed to the tendency of late diagnosis and recovery, makes the subject a sheer block of ‘sarcasm’ among the healthy society where they tries their best to make ‘the fun out of him’ as regards to his continuous pain and suffering. This generally amplified by the delay in the starting of the treatment for the difficulty of the doctors to diagnose the disease, as not so developed instruments are still in their infancy to detect and derelict the mental disorders, where in most of the time, the golden period of diagnosis is either over or even if psychiatric treatment is initiated can lead to a more defocused effects as doctors itself finds it difficult to approach the right medicine to the disordered person, where, in case, they have to go from one doctor to another in the risk of a trial and error effect.

Alessandro Gavazzi: a barnabite friar and the risorgimento (Presidential Address)

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 303-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Hall
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Address ◽  
Memento Mori ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Mind

Think nowHistory has many cunning passages, contrived corridorsAnd issues, deceives with whispering ambitions,Guides us by vanities. Think nowShe gives when our attention is distractedAnd what she gives, gives with such supple confusionsThat the giving famishes the craving. Gives too lateWhat’s not believed in, or if still believed,In memory only, reconsidered passion.Historians no doubt have problems enough without setting before themselves that ‘memento mori’ from Eliot, who, though he was describing an old man seeking to understand his own past, leaves nevertheless an echo in the mind disturbing to those who practise the historian’s craft. We assume a confidence which in our heart of hearts we do not always, or should not always, possess. Eliot’s words not only demonstrate the difficulty of one man understanding his own past, but also the historian’s difficulty in understanding those whom they select for questioning from among the vast multitudes of the silent dead, whose deeds, artifacts, ideas, passions, hopes and memories have died with them. We dig into the past, obtain data from archives, brush off the objects found, collect statistics, annotate, arrange, describe, establish a chronology – but do we effectively understand the dead, especially since we are affected by our own beliefs, customs and ideologies? We are, of course, all aware of this: we silently scorn the lecturer who raises these diffident hesitations. For we know our duty: we examine all that we can, we describe our findings, we annotate them, we draw conclusions, or leave our demonstrations to speak for themselves. There are reasons, as I shall hope to show, that these considerations – Eliot’s ominous words and our determination not to be disquieted by them – bear upon the subject of this paper, the almost forgotten Alessandro Gavazzi.

“Stonehenge in the Mind” and “Stonehenge on the Ground”:

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Roark
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind

In Stone-Heng Restored (1655), Inigo Jones, the father of English neoclassicism, used drawings, histories, and questionable logic to argue that Stonehenge was built by the ancient Romans and that it originally exhibited perfect Platonic geometries. This argument was never given much credence, but by 1725 the subject matter and the architect had received enough attention that two book-length responses (a challenge and a defense) were published, and both were then republished in a single volume alongside Jones's original text. While most Jones scholars have neglected this work because of its logical and historical shortcomings, Ryan Roark argues in “Stonehenge in the Mind” and “Stonehenge on the Ground”: Reader, Viewer, and Object in Inigo Jones's Stone-Heng Restored (1655) that it was in fact exemplary of what made Jones, for many, a protomodern architect and scholar. Rather than viewing Jones's book as an earnest attempt to prove a historical inaccuracy, Roark considers it as an exercise in formal analysis, one that set the precedent for the contemporary pedagogical trend of using geometric simplifications of existing structures as a first step in new design. Jones's idiosyncratic reading of Stonehenge belied the idea that such analysis could be anything but intensely reliant on the subjectivity of both architect and viewer.

Insanity following Surgical Operations

1889 ◽  
Vol 35 (149) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Surgical Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Surgical Operations

So far as my researches extend little attention has been paid to the subject of this paper. Yet I think it would be rash to assume that what is unrecorded is necessarily rare, even in days when so much more is put into print than any of us can either read or mark, much less digest, and when the number of writers seems in danger of exceeding the number of readers. Insanity, in some degree, as a sequela of surgical operation, though certainly rare, is, I believe, less uncommon than usually supposed, and it is chiefly in the hope of eliciting additional information from others that I venture to record my own small experience. On two subjects medical science has still an infinite deal to learn: first, the influence of disease on the mind; secondly, the influence of mind on disease. In attempting to contribute a little to the first-mentioned subject, I can really deal only with a subdivision of it, viz., the effects that may be produced on the mind by surgical measures undertaken for the relief of disease.

scholarly journals Double Vision, Phosphenes and Afterimages

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Işık Sarıhan
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Double Vision ◽  
Phenomenal Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind

Pure representationalism or intentionalism for phenomenal experience is the theory that all introspectible qualitative aspects of a conscious experience can be analyzed as qualities that the experience non-conceptually represents the world to have. Some philosophers have argued that experiences such as afterimages, phosphenes and double vision are counterexamples to the representationalist theory, claiming that they are non- representational states or have non-representational aspects, and they are better explained in a qualia-theoretical framework. I argue that these states are fully representational states of a certain kind, which I call “automatically non-endorsed representations”, experiential states the veridicality of which we are almost never committed to, and which do not trigger explicit belief or disbelief in the mind of the subject. By investigating descriptive accounts of afterimages by two qualia theorists, I speculate that the mistaken claims of some anti-representationalists might be rooted in confusing two senses of the term “seeming”.

scholarly journals Psychological aspects of the relationship of consciousness mechanisms and individualization of learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-185
Author(s):  
A. Guslyakova ◽  
N. Guslyakova ◽  
M. Vetkhova ◽  
V. Kirsanov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Social Uncertainty ◽  
The Relationship

The article covers the problem of the relationship of teacher’s consciousness and the individualization of learning. Special attention is paid to the historical aspects of the problem of individualization of education and its various interpretations in the works of researchers. It is shown that today the situation of social uncertainty, which requires a person to constantly choose a social position, action, way of achieving their goals, stands behind the problem of educational individualization. The professional consciousness of the teacher is considered as a form of life of the subject, providing a solution to professional problems in the process of teaching. Taking into account the relationship between consciousness and the individualization of learning, the authors show how this problem is resolved when the reflection and goal-setting mechanisms are included in the paradigm of joint activities between a teacher and a student, ensuring the development of professional and pedagogical consciousness at the stage of higher education. Thus, educational and professional activities and mechanisms for the development of consciousness of subjects of activity, conditioning each other, find their place in the context of solving problems of implementing the individualization of learning of the subject (child).

scholarly journals Metaphysics and the Existential Problematic of Human Finitude

Lumen et Vita ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Finite Horizon ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intentional Structure ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Human Finitude

Rather than being of little practical importance, the metaphysical underpinnings of a given horizon determine the character of its existential problematic. With the breakdown of classical metaphysics concomitant with the modern turn to the subjective, the existential problematic of finitude as ultimate horizon arose. According to this subjective turn, the human person can no longer engage the world as though it were in itself constituted by transcendently grounded meaning and value. Standing within this genealogical lineage, Martin Heidegger undertook a phenomenological investigation into the existential constitution of the human person which defines authenticity in terms of finitude. For the early Heidegger, human life is essentially ‘guilty’. This guilt, however, is not the traditional cognizance of one’s sinfulness, but the foundational Nichtigkeit (‘nullity’) of life and its attendant possibilities in the light of the ultimate finality of death. Authenticity, then, consists of a resolute working out of one’s life in the face of such inevitable finality. For the later Heidegger, the finite horizon of a particular epochal disclosure gifts Being to thought and determines it thereby. Authenticity in this case consists of giving oneself over to be appropriated by an event of Being. In contrast, Lonergan understands authenticity as being true to that primordial love which beckons us to intellectual probity and responsibility in working out life’s possibilities. This essay will illustrate how Lonergan’s analysis of the intentional structure of human conscious operations stands as a corrective to Heidegger’s early existential analysis of human being-in-the-world and later thought about Being. While Lonergan defines authenticity as loving openness to transcendent Being, Heidegger, because of his forgetfulness of the subject in her conscious operations, does not allow for a transcendence which stands beyond any finite horizon. 

scholarly journals Exploring, modelling, and simulating the Feeling of Comfort in residential settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
German Molina
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind

<p><b>The fact that comfort is a subjective state of the mind is widely accepted by engineers, architects and building scientists. Despite this, capturing all the complexity, subjectivity and richness of this construct in models that are useful in building science contexts is far from straightforward. By prioritizing usability, building science has produced models of comfort (e.g., acoustic, visual and thermal) that overly simplify this concept to something nearly objective that can be directly associated with people’s physiology and measurable and quantifiable environmental factors. This is a contradiction because, even if comfort is supposed to be subjective, most of the complexity of “the subject” is avoided by focusing on physiology; and, even if comfort is supposed to reside in the mind, the cognitive processes that characterize the mind are disregarded. This research partially mitigates this contradiction by exploring people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition within the context of their comfort and by proposing a way in which they can be incorporated into building science research and practice. This research refers to these elements together—i.e., people’s non-physical personal factors and cognition—as “the mind”.</b></p> <p>This research proposes a new qualitative model of the Feeling of Comfort that embraces “the mind”. This model was developed from the results of a first study in which 18 people—from Chile and New Zealand—were asked to describe “a home with good daylight” and “a warm home” in their own words. These results were then replicated in a second study in which another group of 24 people—also from Chile and New Zealand—described “a home with good acoustic performance”, “a home with good air quality” and “a pleasantly cool home”. The Feeling of Comfort model not only was capable of making sense of the new data (gathered in this second study) but also proved to be simple enough to be useful in the context of comfort research and practice. For instance, it guided the development of a quantitative Feeling of Comfort model and also of a prototype building simulation tool that embraces “the mind” and thus can potentially estimate people’s Feeling of Comfort.</p> <p>This research concludes that embracing “the mind” is not only possible but necessary. The reason for this is that “the mind” plays a significant role in the development of people’s comfort. Thus, theories and models of comfort that ignore it fail to represent properly the concept of comfort held by the people for whom buildings are designed. However, incorporating “the mind” into building science’s research and practice implies embracing tools, research methods and conceptual frameworks that have historically not been used by such a discipline. Specifically, it concludes that building science should normalize a more holistic view of comfort and perform more exploratory and qualitative research.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document