Internal and external migration in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): the attitude of student youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
D. M. Vinokurova ◽  
◽  
A. G. Tomaska ◽  

The research was carried out in September-November 2020 within the framework of the project «Ethno-demographic processes in the Asian Russia: the current situation, forecasts and risks» (scientific supervisor, Doctor of History T. Smirnova) in order to identify the consequences of internal and international migration in the FEB. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the largest subjects of the Far-Eastern federal district, but sparsely populated. Migration exchange in the region has occurred and continues to occur due to the arrival of flows of migrants from different regions of the Russian Federation, the CIS countries and the PRC. If representatives of the Central Asia began arriving en masse in the post-Soviet period, then migrants from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, as well as other regions of the Russian Federation began to arrive from the beginning of industrial development of the territory of the Republic. Obviously, such a long-term interaction with migrants forms a tolerant attitude towards them among representatives of the local community, as evidenced by the empirical data obtained. It should also be noted that the current trend of internationalization of higher education through academic mobility of the students, the implementation of joint educational programs with double diploma, etc. contributes to the expansion of interethnic and international contacts of students. Of course, this cannot but influence the expansion of student contacts. The respondents assessed the consequences of migration in the region, indicated in which case the outflow of young people in the region could stop. The article analyzes the primary material that was collected by the method of quota questionnaire survey of university students in Yakutsk, the sample size was 200 respondents.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kovalchuk ◽  

The expansion of the borders of the Far Eastern Federal District due to the inclusion of the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Republic of Buryatia in its composition actualizes the problem of inequality of regions (primarily in the social sphere), which in the new boundaries of the macroregion has significantly increased and has acquired a «supernormal» character. It has been established that the lag of the «new» Far Eastern subjects in the level of social development is accompanied by an increase in negative phenomena in the social sphere. The necessity of implementing a set of measures to form a «corridor of opportunities» that regions can use, including within the framework of interregional interaction within the Far Eastern Federal District, has been substantiated


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
E. Bulakh ◽  
◽  
T. Leonenko ◽  
V. Tsoy ◽  
◽  
...  

This article focuses on the study of territorial self-government as one of the most relevant forms of the local community functioning. A special scientific interest in it is due to its exceptional ability for self-organization, which makes it possible to realize the potential of citizens in solving local issues. The authors present an analysis of two main trends in the formation of the TSG system and structure - administrative and initiative - and their organizational potential. The study of the organizational structure of territorial self-government and the forms of its implementation reveals a number of specific features of TSG. Particular attention in the article is paid to the analysis of the TSG of the Far Eastern Federal District, the problems of the functioning of this form of self-organization and the prospects for development


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Yang Lifen ◽  
Yuriy Yu. Fedorov

This study reviews and compares the market potential of two macro-areas in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the AZRF (Arctic zone of the Russian Federation) and the FEFD (Far Eastern Federal District. Moreover, this work shows that a significant part of supply and demand in municipalities' domestic markets is concentrated in the FEFD. Until recently, the AZRF and the FEFD were not considered by the State as a single government body. Transferred powers to the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East and the Arctic has allowed the territory of the Arctic uluses of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to be included in the social and economic development of the FEFD.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Ushakov

Аннотация. Республика Бурятия и Забайкальский край указом президента Российской Федерации 3 ноября 2018 года вошли в состав Дальневосточного федерального округа. Эти субъекты имеют свою социальноэкономическую специфику по отношению к другим субъектам по структуре экономики, уровню жизни населения, экономикогеографическому положению. Одна из главных целей работы была сравнить новые субъекты с другими субъектами Дальневосточного федерального округа по структуре экономики и социальноэкономическому положению и его динамики. Оба региона как было установлено имеют схожие структуры экономики с приграничными субъектами юга Дальнего Востока. Они имеют довольно низкие социальноэкономические показатели по отношению к подавляющему большинству субъектов Российской Федерации, так и в особенности среди субъектов Дальневосточного региона находясь наряду с Еврейской автономной областью в числе аутсайдеров. Это было подсчитано на примере одного из коэффициентов сравнения, который показывает степень социальноэкономического развития между субъектами федерального округа. Также на примере этого коэффициента выявлено, что рассматриваемые регионы также уступают значительной части других регионов по динамике социальноэкономических показателей. Оба региона имеют небольшую долю в социально экономических показателях округа, прежде всего за счет слабого развития регионов. Это вызывает и снижение этих показателей в расчете на 1 человека по округу. Был выявлен ряд экономических особенностей и географических факторов характерных для причинноследственной связи низкого социальноэкономического положения и развития Республики Бурятия и Забайкальского края по отношению к другим субъектам федерального округа. На примере структуре экономики регионов указано, что наибольшие социальноэкономические показатели имеют регионы с высокой долей промышленности за счет добычи полезных ископаемых. Обозначен ряд факторов, которые сказываются или должны сказываться положительно на развитии новых субъектов в будущем в составе нового федерального округа. Были подсчитаны изменения социальноэкономических показателей для Дальневосточного федерального округа в результате произошедшего изменения его границ. By a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on November 3, the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory became a part of the Far Eastern Federal District. These subjects have their own socioeconomic specifics relatively to other subjects by the structure of economy, the standard of living of the population, and the economic geographical position. One of the main goals of the work was to compare new subjects with other subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of the economic structure, a socioeconomic situation, and its dynamics. Both regions were found to have similar economic structures with the border regions of the south of the Far East. They have rather low socioeconomic indicators relatively to the overwhelming majority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and especially among the subjects of the Far Eastern region, being together with the Jewish Autonomous Region among the outsiders. This was calculated by example of one of the comparison coefficients, which shows the degree of socioeconomic development between the subjects of the Federal district. Besides, by example of this coefficient, it was revealed that the regions under consideration conceded a significant part of other regions in the dynamics of socioeconomic indicators. Both regions have a small share in the socioeconomic indicators of the district, primarily because of weak development of the regions. This causes a decrease in these indicators per 1 person in the district. A number of economic features and geographical factors typical of a causal relationship of a low socioeconomic status and development of the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory relatively to other subjects of the Federal district were identified. By example of the structure of regional economy, it is indicated that, the regions with the highest share of industry have the highest socioeconomic indicators at the expense of mining. A number of factors are indicated that affect or should have a positive effect on the development of new subjects in future as part of a new federal district. The changes in socioeconomic indicators for the Far Eastern Federal District that occurred as a result of the change in its borders have been calculated.


Author(s):  
Zorigma Fedorovna Dugarzhapova ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Kravets ◽  
Mariya Aleksandrovna Ivacheva ◽  
Margarita Valentinovna Chesnokova ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Balakhonov

The results of updating the Cadastre of stationary anthrax-unfavorable points in the Russian Federation (2005) and the creation of databases for nine out of 11 subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (in the Magadan Region and the Chukotka Autonomous District, anthrax was not officially registered) are presented, information on 1285 points has been updated, instead of 1089 previously recorded. For the period 1856–2008 according to official data and literary sources, 8346 heads of animals and 253 people fell ill in nine subjects. The largest share of sick animals (72.3 %) falls on the Republic of Buryatia, and people (45.1 %) — in the Zabaikalsky Territory. The years of manifestation of activity of 99.8 % of permanently unfavorable points for anthrax are known. Most of the new points were formed in 1890–1899 and 1930–1939. Anthrax on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District was annually recorded from 1910 to 1989. The maximum epizootic activity was noted in the city of Blagoveshchensk in the Amur Region and in the village of Kyren in the Republic of Buryatia. Based on updated information on the former and renamed settlements in accordance with the territorial-administrative division of the country; specified locations of settlements, former collective and state farms, liquidated in the 90s of the twentieth century; data on years of activity, species and number of dead animals and sick people; Determination of the geographical coordinates of the SNP created a database of stationary anthrax-unfavorable points in six regions (Zabaikalsky, Kamchatka, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, Jewish Autonomous Okrug, Sakhalin and Amur regions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Vugar Bagirov ◽  
Sergey Treshkin ◽  
Andrey Korobka ◽  
Fedor Dereka ◽  
Sergey Garkusha ◽  
...  

According to FAOSTAT, in 2018-2019 rice was planted in 118 countries on an area of 167 million hectares, the annual grain production in the world is about 782 million tons. Rice is the most popular cereal in the diet of the Russian consumer. Rice growing is a small but rather important branch of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The main rice producers in the world are China (over 214 million tons), India (over 172 million tons), Indonesia (83 million tons), Bangladesh (56 million tons), Vietnam (44 million tons), Thailand (32 million tons) and Myanmar (25 million tons). In the Russian Federation, rice is grown in three federal districts, in nine subjects: in the Southern Federal District - the Republic of Adygea, Kalmykia, Krasnodar, Astrakhan and Rostov Regions; North Caucasian Federal District - Republics of Dagestan and Chechen; Far Eastern Federal District - Primorsky Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region. Scientific support of the rice-growing industry in the Russian Federation is carried out by the Federal Scientific Rice Centre.


Author(s):  
E.A. Ushakov

Аннотация. Республика Бурятия и Забайкальский край указом президента Российской Федерации 3 ноября 2018 года вошли в состав Дальневосточного федерального округа. Эти субъекты имеют свою социальноэкономическую специфику по отношению к другим субъектам по структуре экономики, уровню жизни населения, экономикогеографическому положению. Одна из главных целей работы была сравнить новые субъекты с другими субъектами Дальневосточного федерального округа по структуре экономики и социальноэкономическому положению и его динамики. Оба региона как было установлено имеют схожие структуры экономики с приграничными субъектами юга Дальнего Востока. Они имеют довольно низкие социальноэкономические показатели по отношению к подавляющему большинству субъектов Российской Федерации, так и в особенности среди субъектов Дальневосточного региона находясь наряду с Еврейской автономной областью в числе аутсайдеров. Это было подсчитано на примере одного из коэффициентов сравнения, который показывает степень социальноэкономического развития между субъектами федерального округа. Также на примере этого коэффициента выявлено, что рассматриваемые регионы также уступают значительной части других регионов по динамике социальноэкономических показателей. Оба региона имеют небольшую долю в социально экономических показателях округа, прежде всего за счет слабого развития регионов. Это вызывает и снижение этих показателей в расчете на 1 человека по округу. Был выявлен ряд экономических особенностей и географических факторов характерных для причинноследственной связи низкого социальноэкономического положения и развития Республики Бурятия и Забайкальского края по отношению к другим субъектам федерального округа. На примере структуре экономики регионов указано, что наибольшие социальноэкономические показатели имеют регионы с высокой долей промышленности за счет добычи полезных ископаемых. Обозначен ряд факторов, которые сказываются или должны сказываться положительно на развитии новых субъектов в будущем в составе нового федерального округа. Были подсчитаны изменения социальноэкономических показателей для Дальневосточного федерального округа в результате произошедшего изменения его границ. By a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on November 3, the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory became a part of the Far Eastern Federal District. These subjects have their own socioeconomic specifics relatively to other subjects by the structure of economy, the standard of living of the population, and the economic geographical position. One of the main goals of the work was to compare new subjects with other subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of the economic structure, a socioeconomic situation, and its dynamics. Both regions were found to have similar economic structures with the border regions of the south of the Far East. They have rather low socioeconomic indicators relatively to the overwhelming majority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and especially among the subjects of the Far Eastern region, being together with the Jewish Autonomous Region among the outsiders. This was calculated by example of one of the comparison coefficients, which shows the degree of socioeconomic development between the subjects of the Federal district. Besides, by example of this coefficient, it was revealed that the regions under consideration conceded a significant part of other regions in the dynamics of socioeconomic indicators. Both regions have a small share in the socioeconomic indicators of the district, primarily because of weak development of the regions. This causes a decrease in these indicators per 1 person in the district. A number of economic features and geographical factors typical of a causal relationship of a low socioeconomic status and development of the Republic of Buryatia and the TransBaikal Territory relatively to other subjects of the Federal district were identified. By example of the structure of regional economy, it is indicated that, the regions with the highest share of industry have the highest socioeconomic indicators at the expense of mining. A number of factors are indicated that affect or should have a positive effect on the development of new subjects in future as part of a new federal district. The changes in socioeconomic indicators for the Far Eastern Federal District that occurred as a result of the change in its borders have been calculated.


2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Kulchavenya ◽  
M. M. Merganov ◽  
F. R. Sharipov

The objective of the study: to assess the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in two high-burden regions (Siberia, the Far East of the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Tajikistan), with the consideration of HIV status, gender, and age of patients. Subjects and methods. A simple cohort open retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of statistical reports from TB control institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation for 2018. Results. In the Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District, among extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, the proportion of bone and joint tuberculosis made 43.6%, urinary tuberculosis – 21.3%, and tuberculosis of central nervous system ranked third and made 17%. In Tajikistan, bone and joint tuberculosis also prevailed and made 46.0%, followed by tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes. In Tajikistan, among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients, HIV positive patients made only 3.5%, while in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, they made 36.8%. However, in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, among HIV positive patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the central nervous system (38.3%) prevailed, in the Republic of Tajikistan it was tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes (37.9%), followed by bone and joint tuberculosis (31.0%) and abdominal tuberculosis (17.2%). Urogenital tuberculosis was in the last place in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
L. P. Dogadova ◽  
E. V. Girenok ◽  
E. V. Markelova ◽  
V.  Y. Melnikov

PURPOSE. To conduct a descriptive epidemiological study of glaucoma in the Far Eastern Federal District covering the years 2012 to 2019.METHODS. The study uses data of the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics (FRIHOI) covering the 2012–2019 time period, as well as data from the register of the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (UIISS) and the Federal State Statistics Service (FSSS). Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2019. Diagrams and a cartogram were built to visualize the obtained data. The reliability of the trend line was determined by the value of approximation. A trend is a tendency of changes in the studied time series. In this work, we used a linear approximation — a straight line that best describes the time course of incidence and prevalence. The significance of linear regression was checked using the F-test to determine the quality of the regression model. The coefficient of determination was also used to indicate the dependence of the variability of prevalence on time. A linear regression model was used to predict the prevalence of glaucoma in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District; 91% of the total variability of prevalence in the Russian Federation is explained by a change in the time parameter, while 86% in the Far Eastern Federal District indicates a high accuracy of the selection of trend equations.RESULTS. According to the study, in the 2012–2019 years there was a significant increase in the incidence of glaucoma in the Primorsky Krai (PK) amounting to 8%. Over the observed period, a significant increase in the prevalence of glaucoma is noted in the Republic of Buryatia (6.9%), and in the Magadan Region (5%). At the same time, the highest incidence and prevalence of glaucoma was noted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — 105.4 cases and 1551.6 cases per 100 000 population. The expected prevalence of glaucoma in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2020 is 895–999.7 per 100 000 population, in 2021 — 908–1020.2; in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) in 2020 — 783.7–961.3 per 100 000 population, in 2021 — 799.5–989.8. The largest proportion of glaucoma was found among the population of the Magadan Region (16%) and Yakutia (13.8%), the smallest in the Amur Region (5%) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (5.7%).CONCLUSION. The dynamics of glaucoma incidence in the Far Eastern Federal District is uneven, which corresponds to the epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation as a whole. But the prevalence and proportion of glaucoma in the structure of diseases of the eye and adnexa in the FEFD are characterized by negative dynamics in comparison with country-wide. At the same time, even within the regions of the FEFD, the incidence and prevalence of glaucoma is mosaic, which predisposes to studying the influence of factors on glaucoma incidence.


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