Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet countries. The Republic of Armenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
ARSEN LOKYAN ◽  
◽  
KHACHATUR BEZIRDZHYAN ◽  
ASHOT ZALINYAN ◽  
VILEN KHACHATRYAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Party System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Stable Growth

The article examines the history of forming the system of public administration in the Republic of Armenia after gaining independence. It is noted that the development of the fundamental draft laws of the newly formed state was carried out in close cooperation and with the active involvement of authoritative representatives of the Armenian society. The first years of independence for the Republic of Armenia were characterized by the creation of democratic institutions, the transition to a multi- party system, the development of a market economy, the reformation of the whole state system, as well as the system of state administration. The Constitution laid the legal foundations for transitioning from an authoritarian system to a democratic state and gave a legal framework to the new political system. With the development of state administration and the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, a transition was made from a semi-presidential republic to a parliamentary form of government. Armenia shows high markers and stable growth of indicators regarding the quality of public administration. The country’s authorities apply successful world experience and follow high European standards; in this regard, digitalization is actively developing in the country, including in the field of public administration. In recent years, due to the high rates of digitalization, Armenia entered the number of countries with a high index of e-government development. A special place in the field for the development of the system of state and municipal service is given to professional training and retraining of personnel.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF PUBLIC SERVANTS IN SERBIA AND SELECTED COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Vukonjanski
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the experiences of Serbia and selected European Union countries in the field of professional development of civil servants as one of the most important factors in the reform processes of professionalisation and depolitization of the public sector. The performed comparison showed that the professional development of public servants in the observed countries has certain similarities, but also differences.Similarities relate firstly to the already established general consent to the treatment of this area as an important development factor for each state, then in the organization of management of professional development, as well as the technology of that performance with the accompanying evaluations. It was noted that the professional development of civil servants in the Republic of Serbia is still not being given the necessary attention in higher education, while significant improvements have been made in terms of improving the form of professional development through training and seminars.As for the technology of the observed professional development, it is in Serbia in the stage of constitution, and the expectations are that the latest amendments to the laws will improve this area. The significance of this contribution should be achieved through the work of the National Academy of Public Administration, as newly established centralized institutions entrusted with all expert and related executive and other state administration tasks related to the preparation, organization, monitoring and evaluation of the program of professional development of employees in public administration.

Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan Regarding Criminal Infractions and the Law Enforcement Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Aibar S. NURKHAN
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

Studying of issues regarding criminal infractions – whether intended or imprudent – plays quite a significant role. Fundamental changes taking part in world economy and politics, globalization processes, as well as internal dynamics of country development, undoubtedly, have impact on national legal framework, including criminal law. Therefore, the main goal of the present paper is the analysis of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding criminal infractions and the law enforcement practice. To reach this goal authors have used methods of comparison, analysis and data systematization. As a result it has been found that in Kazakhstan there are at average 4,3 registered criminal infractions per a convict. The term of criminal infraction has appeared in the Criminal Code in 2014 to cover offences of small gravity and administrative violations that cannot be referred to the sphere of state administration. Authors have revealed the punishment in the present day Kazakhstan is not a main form of criminal responsibility realization. In the majority of cases linked to criminal infractions the persons committed them are relieved from criminal responsibility at the stage of prejudicial inquiry.

scholarly journals Swoboda wyboru prywatnoprawnej formy działania administracji gospodarczej w polskiej i niemieckiej doktrynie prawa publicznego

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
Paweł Sancewicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
German Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Polish Law

The purpose of this paper was to present views of both Polish and German public law doctrine on the issue of the possibility to choose a legal form of implementa­tion of public tasks by the public administration. This issue is not only a theoretical matter because currently administration has to cope with increasingly complex and complicated public tasks that must be implemented. The article first explains the concept of the legal forms of action, distinguished from the measures available in administration. Next, the freedom of choice of the legal form of action as well as the instances of its abuse are analysed. The considerations carried out in the article allow to adopt the position that the choice of the legal form of action by public administration cannot be actually prejudged under Polish law. The main limitation of the freedom to choose the le­gal form of action is contained in Article 7 read in connection with Article 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland which stipulate a legal framework that ought to embrace them. There is also a concern that the authorities may abuse certain forms of action in order to, for example, avoid certain administrative procedures or to achieve desired fiscal objectives. As indicated in the course of the analysis, the German doctrine and practice encountered similar problems, and now the experi­ence and undoubted successes of German law and practice could be a significant inspiration for Polish lawmakers in this area. De lege ferenda, it is necessary to propose the introduction of legal regulations that will enable or facilitate a free choice of the legal form of action by administra­tive bodies. However, establishing such regulations will only be possible and and effective when the administrative agreement becomes part of the Polish legal system.

Reform of Local Self-government in Serbia – Internal Legal Framework and EU Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Marko Stankovic ◽  
Bojan Milisavljević
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

The paper analyzes Serbian system of local self-government under the Constitution of 2006 and its possible improvements. There are two major aspects of reform. On the one side, there are weaknesses in internal law and practice that were detected in last three decades and six concrete proposals for their correction. On the other side, considering that Serbia negotiates on integration with the EU, some improvements of the system should be a result of that process, fully in accordance with the European standards of local self-government. Reforming the local self-government in both of these directions should lead to better legal framework in the Republic of Serbia and upgrading the constitutional system.

scholarly journals Political Process in Bulgaria: Failed Coalition and the Third Parliamentary Elections during One Year

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-49
Author(s):  
Vira Burdiak
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
One Year

The article analyzes the political process in the Republic of Bulgaria and a number of elections to the National Assembly,which in 2021 were already in April, July and announced for November.The factors, which influenced the need to hold parliamentary elections three times in a row.This shows, that the state is going through a difficult period of instability and turbulence.Building a democratic state governed by the rule of law in Bulgaria,despite its membership in the EU, it is still in its infancy. The author emphasizes that the state is growing alienated from democratic political processes and despair of their effectiveness.This requires legal regulation of the following issues:ensuring universal suffrage;the possibility of campaigning and outreach among voters on others,in addition to the state (Bulgarian) languages,after all, large minorities live in Bulgaria (Turkish, Roma, etc.);improving the financing of election campaigning and the mechanism for appealing the results of parliamentary electionsbased on the transition from indirect to direct appeal by election participants to the NZB of their results. Solving the main problem of Bulgaria – reducing corruption,in fact, it did not happen.Positive success in the fight against corruption can be achieved with the support of the population,his belief that the state will be able to defeat corruption,clear enforcement of anti-corruption measures in various government agencies and institutions.The growth of political consciousness of citizens,which is expressed in a broad protest movement,in the medium term may become the internal basis for the formation of real,rather than a formal electoral system organized according to European standards.

scholarly journals LEGAL BASES OF MODERNIZATION IN STATE ADMINISTRATION THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Vasif ISMAYILOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Step Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes the legal foundations of modernization in public administration. The issues of modernization of the legal system in the state administration of the Republic of Azerbaijan are widely covered. The author outlines the objective and subjective factors that create conditions for reforms in the public administration system. Special attention is paid to cardinal reforms in the field of modernization of the legal system of modern Azerbaijan, studying the role of the head of state as the initiator of the reforms in the public administration system. The article describes in detail the step-by-step process of building a legal system and outlines it political significance.

EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES. THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
IRINA SENNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
ELINA DUBINSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Building ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Municipal Administration ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
High Level

The article studies the issues of state formation of the Republic of Latvia after gaining independence. The authors note that Latvia has retained the features of the normative legal regulation of the period of its independence as it was in 1918 and until the country became a part of the USSR. Today, as a member of the European Union, Latvia is oriented towards modern European standards of state-building. The ongoing administrative reforms are aimed at observing the rights and freedoms of citizens, achieving openness and sustainable development, and introducing digital technologies into state and municipal administration. The authors also note the low involvement of citizens in the processes of state and municipal administration, while municipal authorities maintain a fairly high level of trust among citizens. Analysis and optimization of processes, elimination of duplication of actions among state institutions, as well as reduction of the administrative burden have become an important part of the work of public administration. Also, according to the plan for reforming public administration, the quality and availability of public services for the population are constantly improving.

scholarly journals The Origin of the Institution of the State Representative in the Territory of Moldova

2018 ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Viorica Buruian
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Present System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Functional Components

After obtaining independence, the process of building a new system of public administration had started in the Republic of Moldova. A special role in this process was given to the institutionalization of the territorial state administration. Since the adoption of the normative framework in November 1998, which created the prefect institution, and until now, in the desire to reform the local public administration and to consolidate the deconcentrated administration, several models of state representation in the territory were attempted. We consider it important to mention that our country, in its historical evolution, has established certain traditions regarding the representation of the state in the territory, which could be taken over and adapted to the construction of the present system of public administration. For these reasons, we intend to analyze the exponents of local administration in Moldova and its functional components. The administration of the Romanian feudal states had a pronounced centralizing character, determined by the need to strengthen the unity and state integrity. All the feudal institutions in the Romanian states were inextricably linked to the ruler, the person and his functions. The Ruler not only held all the functions of the state but also exercised them directly or through delegates, thus assuring the unit of leadership and participating, together with the representatives of the dominant class, directly, in the creation and organization of the judiciary, military, tax structures. The principle of delegation of power involved the transfer of competence and responsibility from the center to certain local agents of state power acting in the name and authority of the Ruler. The superior position was held by the pârcălab, one of the oldest and most important dignitaries in the Romanian countries. Pârcălabul represented the ruler and ensured the implementation of the king's decisions within the country, which is why he enjoys great authority in the country, being at the top of the administrative hierarchy of the local governors. Because of this, the pârcălab and the staroste were named by the ruler of the great boyars. Therefore, the institution of the state representative in the territory has rich historical traditions and dates back to the Moldovan state. The pârcălab had important legal, military, fiscal functions, and alongside with other royal servants, was the mechanism of land administration. During its evolution, this institution has undergone changes, but the essence remains stable, to represent central power locally. Keywords: Moldova, administration reform, ruler, representative in the territory

scholarly journals Specyfika relacji organów administracji publicznej z otoczeniem w sytuacjach kryzysowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Karina Pilarz
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Threat To Life

THE SPECIFICS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN CRISIS SITUATIONSWe’re dealing with acrisis situation in case of serious threat to life and property. This situation requires some special methods, but don’t give basis to initiate one of the constitutional extraordinary measures. Law on crisis management contains tasks which belongs to organs of territorial self-government and organs of state administration. System of crisis management consists of organs of crisis management, subsidiary organs and crisis management centers. In crisis situations organs of public administration can also cooperate with the environment. The aim of this article is to analyze situations when organs of public administration are supported by The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and non-governmental organizations with their personnel, equipment and information.

Constitutional-law aspects of reforming of state administration

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Нажия Калишева ◽  
Nazhiya Kalisheva
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
State Control ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Base Content ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The aim of the article is to study the constitutional and legal problems of state control. Actualized the problem of generalization theoretical base content of the category "control" as one of the most effective forms of implementation of social activities of public authorities; identify the underlying types of strategies and priorities of state control in the Republic of Kazakhstan, its place and role in the system of checks and balances aimed at preserving the balance, balance of power; study of the main directions and principles of constitutionalization measures of state control as a means of ensuring, on the one hand, the effectiveness of the other, the modernization of public administration.

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