scholarly journals Minimality as a Universal Principle of Phonological Change

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Marc Picard
2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho ◽  
Antoni Hernández-Fernández ◽  
David Lusseau ◽  
Govindasamy Agoramoorthy ◽  
Minna J. Hsu ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mesut Güvenbaş ◽  
Omur Sayligil

Organ transplantation is an issue that concerns two people (donor and recipient) at the same time in terms of the right to life, which is the most basic human right. The direct utility arising from organ transplantation involves the patient to whom the organ is transplanted, and the indirect utility relates to the donor. Today, the decision to obtain an organ from a living donor is based on the idea of doing something good by those who sacrifice themselves for their relatives. The person who donates an organ treats their body as an instrument and uses their willpower on it. If the statement “I will care about the health of others” is accepted as a universal principle, it will be very important to establish a balance between the duty of caring for the health of others and protecting one’s own health. If we want to introduce a new approach to be adopted in the assessment of living donors in society, we must look at the real situation in terms of utility, altruism, and volunteering. This Chapter thus evaluates organ transplantation from living donors in terms of utility, altruism, and volunteering.


TOTOBUANG ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Wara Angreni ◽  
Atiqa Sabardila

This study aims to describe the form of speech errors of the candidates for Regional Head of Kulon Progo Regency. The research method used is qualitative descriptions. The data source is the utterances of the student speech. The data collection techniques are listening and note-taking. The data analysis used referential matching techniques and articulatory phonetic equivalents, extension techniques in the distribution method and sign reading technology. The results of the study shows that there are language errors in the form of speech of the candidates for Regional Head of Kulon Progo Regency The five areas of error are (1) phonological errors including phonological change, phoneme formation and pronunciation, (2) morphological errors including prepositions, repetition, tone, and combination of meN- and -kan prefixes, (3) syntax errors including ambiguous sentences, redundant words, and unclear sentence types (4) sociolinguistic errors, including misuse of language coding in sentences, and (5) spelling errors in capital letters, and punctuation.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk kesalahan berbahasa pidato mahasiswa calon kepala daerah Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskripsi kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa tuturan pidato mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan simak dan catat.  Analisis data menggunakan teknik padan referensial dan padan fonetis artikulatoris, teknik perluasan dalam metode agih dan teknologi membaca tanda. Hasil penelitian terjadi kesalahan bahasa pada bentuk tuturan pidato mahasiswa calon kepala daerah Kabupaten Kulon Progo memiliki lima wilayah kesalahan yaitu (1) kesalahan fonologi termasuk kesalahan perubahan fonem, kesalahan pembentukan dan pengucapan fonem, (2) kesalahan morfologi meliputi preposisi, penulisan ulang, bentuk nada, dan tulis kombinasi prefiks meN- dan -kan, (3) kesalahan sintaks termasuk kalimat yang ambigu, rancu, kata-kata yang berlebihan, jenis kalimat yang tidak jelas (4) kesalahan sosiolinguistik, termasuk penyalahgunaan campur kode bahasa dalam kalimat, dan (5) kesalahan ejaan dalam huruf kapital, dan tanda baca.


2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rhonheimer

Giovanni Paolo II nel suo Magistero ha trattato ampiamente il tema della legge naturale, in particolare nell’Enciclica Veritatis Splendor, ove è possibile reperire una trattazione sulla definizione, l’essenza e le caratteristiche di essa secondo l’insegnamento di Tommaso d’Aquino. La legge naturale è una legge propria dell’uomo creato quale essere libero e razionale, la cui ragione, partecipe della ragione divina e ordinatrice, è capace di reperire in se stessa, in base alle inclinazioni naturali della persona umana, i principi primi e, in tal modo, svolgere funzione normativa e di discernimento sul bene e sul male. La legge naturale è la stessa ragione umana in quanto compie questo ruolo normativo nell’unità sostanziale di corpo e anima spirituale. Nella Veritatis Splendor la questione etica si esplica mediante una trattazione sull’oggetto dell’azione, dal quale dipende fondamentalmente la moralità dell’atto umano poiché nell’oggetto viene a trovarsi il fine immediato o proximus di una libera scelta della volontà guidata dalla ragione. Tale insegnamento trova applicazione nell’ambito dell’etica della vita nei tre grandi temi affrontati da Giovanni Paolo II nell’Enciclica Evangelium Vitae: il divieto assoluto di uccidere, che si specifica in particolare nella condanna di atti quali l’uccisione diretta di un innocente, l’aborto e l’eutanasia, deriva da una fondamentale violazione della giustizia, fondata sull’uguaglianza. La scelta deliberata della morte di un soggetto, intesa quale fine o mezzo, con la relativa strumentalizzazione della vita e della persona, è perciò sempre moralmente illecita. Così, Giovanni Paolo II ha presentato una dottrina coerente atta ad evidenziare il nesso fra legge naturale, oggetto morale degli atti umani ed etica della vita. Il divieto di uccidere è un principio primo ed universale della stessa legge naturale che, perseguendo il bene dell’uomo, viene, come diritto naturale, a costituire il fondamento della convivenza umana nella società. ---------- John Paul II broadly dealt with the topic of natural law in his Magisterial teaching, particularly in the Encyclical Veritatis Splendor, where it is possible to retrieve a treatment on the definition, the essence and the characteristics of it according to the teaching of Thomas Aquinas. Natural law is a law proper of man created as a free and rational being, whose reason, participating of the divine and ordaining reason, is able to retrieve in itself, according to the natural inclinations of the human person, the first principles and, in such way, to develop normative function and of discernment on the good and on the evil. The natural law is the human reason itself as it achieves this normative role in the substantial unity of body and spiritual soul. In Veritatis Splendor the ethical matter is expounded through a treatment on the object of the action, on which the morality of the human act fundamentally depends, since in the object it comes to be the immediate end itself or proximus of a free choice of the will driven by the reason. Such teaching finds application within the ethics of life in the three great themes faced by John Paul II in the Encyclical Evangelium Vitae: the absolute prohibition to kill, that is particularly specified in the condemnation of acts as the direct killing of an innocent, the abortion and the euthanasia, derives from a fundamental violation of the justice, founded upon the equality. The deliberate choice of the death of a subject, intended as end or mean, with the relative exploitation of the life and the person, is therefore always morally illicit. This way, John Paul II presented a coherent doctrine able to underline the connection between natural law, moral object of the human acts and ethics of life. The prohibition to kill is a first and universal principle of the natural law itself that, aiming at the good of man, it comes, as natural right, to constitute the base of the human cohabitation in the society.


Author(s):  
Terfa Aor ◽  
Torkuma Tyonande Damkor

All levels of language analysis are prone to changes in their phonology, morphology, graphology, lexis, semantics and syntax over the years. Tiv language is not an exception to this claim. This study investigates various aspects of phonological or sound changes in Tiv language. This paper therefore classifies sound changes in Tiv; states causes of sound changes in Tiv and explores implications of sound changes. The research design used in this paper is purposive sampling of relevant data. The instrument used in this paper is the observation method in which the author selected words that showed epenthesis, deletion and substitution. It has been noted that the use of archaic spellings in the Modern Tiv literatures shows their ancientness. Phonological change is not a deviation but a sign of language growth and changes in spellings result in changes in sounds. The author recommends that scholars should write papers or critical works on lexical/morphological, syntactic, semantic, graphological changes in Tiv language. Students should write projects, dissertations and theses on language change and diachronic linguistics. This study introduces Tiv historical linguistics and diachronic phonology which serve as catalysts for the study of Tiv language. The understanding of Tiv sound change provides students with a much better understanding of Tiv phonological system in general, of how Tiv phonology works and how the phonemes fit together


Author(s):  
I. Muratova

The purpose of the article is to reveal technology as a human activity in which people engage in such interaction with each other and build such relationships and social ties that are mediated by technical means and ensures success in the process of realizing a common goal. To overcome the limitations of narrowly specialized ideas about technology, the research is based on the scientific methods and theoretical principles of social philosophy. This approach allows us to understand technology as a universal principle of social practice, not just production. The need for a philosophical reflection of the immanent connection that exists between technology and sociality is proved by the author. Therefore, the author offers understanding of technology as unity of scientific and technical means and forms of social interactions in subjective practice and objectification human intentions and goals. The results of such research contribute to the establishment of the scientific and theoretical foundations of the practice of management of innovations and technologies with the purpose of conscious humanistic direction of scientific and technological progress.


2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
William Alfred Pickering

This book is a collection of articles dealing with the phonology and dialectology of Wichí (referred to in the past as Mataco) and Mapuzungun (also called Mapudungun or Mapuche), two unrelated Amerindian languages of South America. Published by the Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, it is the end result of a three-year project funded by the Argentine government, the purpose of which was to study dialect variation in these languages. All of the authors are specialists in the indigenous languages of Argentina, and all but one are teachers or researchers at Argentine universities or research institutions. Adopting the “dynamic synchrony” approach of the French functionalist school as a methodological-theoretical perspective, the book pretends to give an overall view of the dialectical continua of the Argentine varieties of the languages under study and at the same time to provide some understanding of sociolinguistic variation and ongoing phonological change in both languages. The four articles on Wichí and the single article on Mapuzungun found in this volume, while falling short of constituting a systematic survey, make significant steps toward achieving these difficult and important goals.


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