Host-specific influence on early growth and physiological attributes of sandal (Santalum album) grown in farmlands

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the host- specific compatibility of sandal (Santalum album) for better root proliferation and boosting the growth of tree. Methodology: Sandal (Santalum album) was grown with 8 different leguminous and non-leguminous species at early stage to evaluate its biometric growth (height and basal diameter) and physiological (chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate) performance under field conditions. Results: Sandal grown with Sesbania grandiflora recorded highest biometric observations, chlorophyll, photosynthesis and transpiration rate followed by Sandal + Albizia lebbeck and sandal + Casuarina junghuhniana. The sandal grown with leguminous host showed superior growth performance than sandal grown with non-leguminous host. Interpretation: The present study recommended that Sesbania grandiflora can be grown as transit host for boosting the growth of sandal.

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Restoration of Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)-Hardwood Mixtures in Low Quality Mixed Upland Hardwood Stands Using Cluster Planting and Natural Regeneration

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11040457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

David Clabo ◽

Wayne Clatterbuck

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Forest Type ◽

Early Stage ◽

Timber Harvesting ◽

Site Preparation ◽

Pinus Echinata ◽

Shortleaf Pine ◽

Burn Treatment ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Cumberland Mountains

Cluster planting of shortleaf pine, along with various site preparation and release treatments, were tested to restore mixed shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.)–hardwood stands in areas where the shortleaf pine has diminished in recent years. Shortleaf pine–hardwood mixtures were once a common forest type throughout the Cumberland Mountains and Plateau physiographic regions of the southeastern United States. Knowledge of how to restore shortleaf pine–hardwood mixtures is limited throughout shortleaf pine’s large native range. The objectives of this study were to compare planted shortleaf pine and natural hardwood regeneration survival, growth, and composition following various site preparation and early release treatments. Cluster planting and partial timber harvesting were used to reintroduce shortleaf pine and create two-aged stands in the Cumberland Mountains of Tennessee, USA. Results indicated that shortleaf pine survival, basal diameter, and height growth did not differ following four growing seasons among treatments. Natural regeneration stem densities and heights within shortleaf pine clusters did not differ significantly by treatment. Natural regeneration stem densities differed by species group and height class across the site, while the treatment × species interaction term was also significant. At this early stage of stand development, the brown-and-burn treatment appears poised for greater shortleaf pine growth rates than the other treatments. The herbicide treatment had the fewest regenerating hardwoods per hectare and the most desirable hardwood species composition.

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Growth of Young Black Walnut Plantations in Kentucky1

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/6.1.17 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul J. Kalisz ◽

Jeffrey W. Stringer ◽

Deborah B. Hill

Keyword(s):

Early Growth ◽

Height Growth ◽

Black Walnut ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Soil Suitability ◽

Crown Width ◽

Competition Control

Abstract Height, basal diameter, and crown width were determined for 2-to 16- year-old black walnut trees in 61 plantations distributed throughout Kentucky. Measurements from the 3050 trees sampled were used to develop height/age, diameter/age, and crown width/diameter equations and curves. These curves provide benchmarks for evaluating the early growth of typical plantations. Annual height and diameter growth were compared among different geologic substrates, landscape positions, levels of competition control, and soil suitability classes. At an average age of 6 years, height and diameter growth averaged 0.9 ft/yr and 0.2 in./yr, respectively, for all 61 plantations. Height growth was 35% greater for plantations located on suitable soils compared to plantations on soils of questionable suitability. Soil suitability did not affect diameter growth, but plantations with good competition control had 50% greater diameter growth compared to plantations with fair or poor competition control. Results of this study re-emphasize two principles of black walnut management: (1) only plant on good sites and (2) always control competition. North. J. Appl. For. 6(1):17-20, March 1989.

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Early-Stage Phenotyping of Root Traits Provides Insights into the Drought Tolerance Level of Soybean Cultivars

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Elana Dayoub ◽

Jay Ram Lamichhane ◽

Céline Schoving ◽

Philippe Debaeke ◽

Pierre Maury

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Stress ◽

Early Stage ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Difference ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Soil Moisture Status ◽

Root And Shoot Traits

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) may contribute to the agro-ecological transition of cropping systems in Europe, but its productivity is severely affected by summer drought. New drought-avoidance cropping strategies, such as early sowing, require cultivars with high early plant growth under suboptimal conditions. This study aims at phenotyping early-stage root and shoot traits of 10 cultivars commonly grown in Europe. Cultivars were grown in minirhizotrons under two soil moisture status in controlled conditions. Root and shoot traits were evaluated at 10 days after sowing. Field early growth of two cultivars was also analyzed under early and conventional sowing dates. A significant intraspecific variability (p < 0.05) was found for most investigated shoot and root morpho-physiological traits regardless of the soil moisture status under controlled conditions. However, no significant difference among cultivars (p > 0.05) was found in terms of root architectural traits that were mainly affected by water stress. Total root length was positively correlated with shoot length and shoot dry matter (p < 0.05). Under field conditions, the differences between cultivars were expressed by the canopy cover at emergence, which determines the subsequent canopy cover dynamics. The significant early growth difference among cultivars was not related to the maturity group. Cultivars characterized by high root depth and length, high root density and narrow root angle could be considered as good candidates to cope with water stress via better soil exploration. New agronomic strategies mobilizing the diversity of cultivars could thus be tested to improve soybean water use efficiency in response to climate change.

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Analyse de l'étalement temporel de la floraison et influence sur la variabilité intra-arbre de la chute et de la croissance précoce des pêches

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p99-028 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Françoise Lescourret ◽

O. Inizan ◽

M. Génard

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Early Stage ◽

Early Growth ◽

Tree Level ◽

Fruit Abscission ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Initial Hypothesis ◽

Peach Trees ◽

The Relationship

This study attempted to explain peach abscission and early growth variabilities. We assumed that flower anthesis variability was indicative of early competition for carbohydrates, presumedly determinant for fruit set and early growth. From this viewpoint, the fruits resulting from early flowers should be advantaged. In a first step, we described and analysed the pattern of flowering dates within peach trees. In a second step, we studied the relationship between this pattern and the variability of fruit abscission and growth. At the tree level, the flowers started opening from the base towards the top, but at the shoot level the flowers opened from the apex down to the base. Single flowers opened 1 d earlier than associated flowers, which opened independently. However, the relationships between either fruit set or growth and date of flowering did not fit our hypothesis. For example, fruits from the late flowers had the best set. Thus, the initial hypothesis should be rejected while the influence of other factors should be considered. Our observations suggest that post-bloom temperatures could affect fruit set and early growth. Key words: Peach, Prunus persica, flowering, fruit abscission, fruit growth, early stage of development

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Effect of Density on Mediterranean Pine Seedlings Using the Nelder Wheel Design: Analysis of Survival and Early Growth

10.21203/rs.3.rs-903311/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irene Ruano ◽

Valentín Pando ◽

Felipe Bravo

Keyword(s):

Pinus Pinaster ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Pinus Halepensis ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽

Early Growth ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models

Abstract Background: There is growing interest in mixed-species forests but a lack of studies that analyse them for regeneration phases or any stage other than mature stands. Information is scarce about relatively unproductive species such as Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis in Mediterranean ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate inter- and intra-specific interactions of both species in different tree densities during the first years of establishment. Five Nelder wheel plots were planted to test densities ranging from 1000 to 80000 seedlings/ha and simulate establishment sub-processes at high densities. Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis were mixed along the spokes, to obtain three mixture levels in which 100%, 80% or 60% of the seedlings were of the same species. Cox proportional-hazards models and binomial logistic regressions were fitted to analyse seedling survival. Early growth (basal diameter and height at one and four years after plantation) was analysed by fitting linear mixed-effects models. Results: Pinus halepensis showed higher survival rates and basal diameter increments but more time is needed to know how Pinus pinaster responds to density and mixture. Conclusions: Both competitive and facilitating seedling interactions were observed at higher densities, which facilitate seedling survival but decrease early growth. Pinus halepensis showed higher survival rates and basal diameter increments but more time is necessary to determine Pinus pinaster response to density and mixture.

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Facilitative and Inhibitory Effect of Litter on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Six Herbaceous Species in an Early Successional Old Field Ecosystem

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/101860 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qiang Li ◽

Pujia Yu ◽

Xiaoying Chen ◽

Guangdi Li ◽

Daowei Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Early Growth ◽

Weed Species ◽

Old Field ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Establishment Success ◽

Litter Cover ◽

Field Ecosystem ◽

Successional Stages ◽

Chloris Virgata

In the current study, a field experiment was conducted to examine effects of litter on seedling emergence and early growth of four dominant weed species from the early successional stages of old field ecosystem and two perennial grassland species in late successional stages. Our results showed that increased litter cover decreased soil temperature and temperature variability over time and improved soil moisture status. Surface soil electrical conductivity increased as litter increased. The increased litter delayed seedling emergence time and rate. The emergence percentage of seedlings and establishment success rate firstly increased then decreased as litter cover increased. When litter biomass was below 600 g m−2, litter increased seedlings emergence and establishment success in all species. With litter increasing, the basal diameter of seedling decreased, but seedling height increased. Increasing amounts of litter tended to increase seedling dry weight and stem leaf ratio. Different species responded differently to the increase of litter.Puccinellia tenuifloraandChloris virgatawill acquire more emergence benefits under high litter amount. It is predicted thatChloris virgatawill dominate further in this natural succession old field ecosystem with litter accumulation. ArtificialP. tenuifloraseeds addition may be required to accelerate old field succession toward matured grassland.

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