scholarly journals PERUBAHAN FONOLOGI DALAM BAHASA DUANO DAN BAHASA MELAYU

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-134
Author(s):  
Nur Fathiha Asyikin Baharin ◽  
Rohani Mohd Yusof ◽  
Noor Hasnoor Mohamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Orang Asli

The Orang Asli, who are considered minorities in Malaysia, is divided into three groups – the Negrito, Senoi and Proto-Malays. Each group has its language used during oral communication. The Duano language is one of the indigenous languages under the Proto-Malay group. The language is classified under the Austronesian family of languages, similar to the Malay language. The Duano language is the language of the indigenous people who dwell in the state of Johor. Based on the scale presented by EGIDS in “Ethnologue” (2021), the Duano language is at risk of becoming moribund. Researchers also found that deep comparative studies of the phonological systems to be limited. Hence, this paper aims to examine the process of phonological changes in the Duano language by comparing it with the Standard Malay Language (BMS). This study utilises the upstream fieldwork approach, supported by conducting interviews, observations, recordings and note-taking. The structural theory was applied during analysis, whereby the Duano and BMS cognates were transcribed phonemically and classified under specific sub-systems. They were then analysed using a qualitative comparative perspective to examine the phonological differences that had occurred. Results showed that the Duano language had undergone phonological changes, such as phoneme alignment, glottalisation, monophthongisation and delineation. In conclusion, the phonological changes indicated an independent evolutionary process for both languages in a particular environment, eventually forming a distinct phonological innovation.

Isolasi Sosio-Budaya Masyarakat Orang Asli di Malaysia dan Kesannya Terhadap Pentafsiran Hukum Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Paiz Hassan ◽  
Mohd Anuar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Local Background ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Closed Door

Majority of the indigenous people who are the original inhabitants in Malaysia inhibit the remote area of tropical forest which is rich in natural resources. Their lives are separated from the outside community due to several factors such as geography, low literacy, negative perceptions of the surrounding community, and the closed-door attitude of the indigenous people. Consistent preaching activities have changed the faith of the indigenous people from animism orientation towards believing in the Oneness of God. The practice of Islam as a way of life in the lives of indigenous peoples is found to be difficult to practice because the fiqh approach presented to them does not celebrate their local condition. In this regard, this study will examine the socio-cultural isolation of indigenous peoples and their impact on the interpretation of Islamic law. To achieve this objective, the researchers have applied the library research method by referring to the literatures related to the discussion of Islamic scholars in various disciplines of fiqh and usūl al-fiqh. The research found that there is rukhsah and taysir approach given to isolated people as well as with local background to facilitate the religious affairs of the indigenous people. Abstrak Majoriti masyarakat Orang Asli yang merupakan penduduk asal di semenanjung Malaysia mendiami kawasan pedalaman di hutan hujan tropika yang kaya dengan khazanah alam. Kehidupan mereka terasing daripada masyarakat luar disebabkan beberapa faktor seperti geografi, kadar literasi yang rendah, pandangan negatif masyarakat sekitar dan sikap tertutup masyarakat Orang Asli. Gerakan dakwah yang dijalankan secara konsisten telah membawa perubahan kepercayaan sebahagian masyarakat Orang Asli daripada berorientasikan animisme kepada mempercayai Tuhan yang Esa. Pengamalan Islam sebagai cara hidup dalam kehidupan masyarakat Orang Asli didapati agak sukar untuk dipraktikkan lantaran pendekatan fiqh yang disampaikan kepada mereka tidak meraikan suasana setempat mereka. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan meneliti keadaan isolasi sosio-budaya masyarakat Orang Asli dan kesannya terhadap pentafsiran hukum Islam. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan kajian kepustakaan sepenuhnya dengan menelusuri literatur berkaitan dengan perbincangan sarjana Islam dalam pelbagai disiplin ilmu fiqh dan usul fiqh. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat rukhsah dan pendekatan taysir diberikan kepada mereka yang hidup terasing serta berlatar belakang budaya setempat bagi memudahkan urusan keagamaan masyarakat Orang Asli.

NILAI BUDAYA DALAM CERITA RAKYAT MASYARAKAT ORANG ASLI TEMIAR GUA MUSANG, KELANTAN: SATU PENGAPLIKASIAN SASTERA WARISAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
MOHD FAHMI BIN ISMAIL ◽  
MOHD FIRDAUS BIN CHE YAACOB
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Very High

Masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar merupakan komuniti orang yang telah lama wujud di negara kita.Kepelbagaian nilai budaya kehidupan masyarakat menjadi lambang jati diri dan kebanggaan masyarakatini. Oleh sebab itu, masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar ini sememangnya kaya dengan warisan ceritarakyat yang menjadi kebanggaan kepada masyarakat tersebut. Namun demikian, arus kepesatan,pembangunan dan kemajuan kemodenan menyebabkan khazanah cerita rakyat ini semakin dipinggirkanoleh masyarakat ini. Selain itu, mereka beranggapan bahawa medium lisan sebagai cerita mitos yangbercorak dongeng dan sekadar untuk berhibur semata-mata. Menerusi kajian ini, akan membincangkansatu objektif utama iaitu menganalisis nilai budaya dalam cerita rakyat masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar GuaMusang, Kelantan. Hal ini, dengan sendiri mewujudkan ruang ilmiah yang menuntut kepada pengkajianilmiah yang khusus. Sehubungan itu, pengkaji akan menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedahkajian lapangan bagi memastikan kelancaran dalam menjalankan kajian tersebut. Selanjutnya, kajian iniakan menerapkan Teori Sastera Warisan yang dikemukakan oleh (A. Wahab Ali, 2005) sebagai gagasanuntuk memperkukuhkan dapatan kajian ini. Hasil dapatan kajian ini berhasil menemukan antara nilaibudaya yang selama ini menjadi landasan kepada ketamadunan masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar GuaMusang, Kelantan. Sementara itu, kemantapan elemen nilai budaya yang dihasilkan ini, dan diamalkandalam kehidupan seharian masyrakat ini, secara tidak lansung akan melahirkan kesan-kesan tersurat dantersirat kepada diri masyarakat komuniti ini. Kesimpulannya, cerita rakyat masyarakat Orang Asli Temiaradalah manifestasi kehidupan, adat kepercayaan dan lambang jati diri masyarakat ini.   Temiar indigenous people are a community are comunity of people living in the jugngle, marginalized andlangging in term of modernity country. There it can not be denied that this society is actually rich in diversecultures, fokstales and very high philosophy of thought. However, rapid development and modernity hasled to an increase in marginalized folklore Therefore open an empty space in scientifi c research whichrequired a specifi c research. This study aims to fi ll the empty space by examine the folktales of TemiarIndigenous community in Gua Musang, Kelantan. This study focused on three main objectives. First wasto show eff ect the folktales of Temiar Indigenous community in Gua Musang, Kelantan. Concomitantly, thisstudy used literature research and fi eld research. Furthermore, this study will apply the Sastera Warisantheory by Theory of Conceptual Keyword introduced by Mohamad Mokhtar Hassan in 2005 as the notionto strengthen this study. The realibility of cultural values hold by the Temiar Indigenous community and thepracticing of it in daily life infl uencing the Temiar Indigenous individually and collectively as community. Asconclusion, the folktales of Temiar Indigenous community can be said as manifestation of life, customsand beliefs, and sign of their identity.

Strengthening Indigenous languages in the digital age: social media–supported learning in Sápmi

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Outakoski ◽  
Coppélie Cocq ◽  
Peter Steggo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
European Council ◽  
Language Loss

This article presents and discusses Sámi social media initiatives for strengthening languages. The Sámi are the Indigenous people of Europe. All Sámi languages are endangered, and the lack of resources for maintaining, promoting and teaching the languages has been underscored on several occasions by the European Council and the Sámi parliaments. Social media has become an arena where resources are created and shared, enabling communities of speakers to support each other and promote their languages. YouTube, blogs, Twitter and language learning applications are here discussed as public domains and community-grounded media. Based on a few examples and on our expertise as instructors within Sámi studies, we suggest strategies for developing long-lasting and innovative models for revitalizing threatened languages and cultures, and for counteracting language loss through social media. This contribution shares examples of innovative uses of social media in Sámi of relevance for other Indigenous contexts.

scholarly journals Temporal Deixis in Balinese Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
I. Nyoman Kardana ◽  
Made Sri Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Elicitation Method ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Languages

This study analyzed the forms of temporal deixis found in Balinese, one of the biggest local languages in Indonesia. Data was collected from oral communication by Balinese speakers who live in Denpasar, the capital city of the island of Bali. Data was obtained through observation and elicitation method completed with recording and note taking technique. The collected data was analyzed by inductive approach so that the clear and detail description about temporal deixis could be reached. The result of analysis shows that the forms of Balinese temporal deixis can be divided into the forms referring to the past, present, and future tense. The forms are also distinguished between definite and indefinite temporal deixis. Two kinds of temporal markers are also found in Balinese, they are di marker for past and buin/bin marker for future. The form mani and ibi does not obligatorily need the markers but the other temporal forms really need the markers to make a complete meaning and reference.

Getting Beyond the Apemen

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lesley Newson ◽  
Peter J. Richerson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection

This introductory chapter explains why a new story of human evolution is needed, and also lays the foundations of the story told in this book. One of the reasons we need a new story is that previous stories have concentrated on what our male ancestors were doing. Since survival is most at risk in the first years of life, it makes much more sense to concentrate on children and their mothers than on adult males. A brief account of the history of ideas in evolution by natural selection and human evolution provides readers with a background in evolutionary processes. Humans are a product of evolution, but we are not like other animals, because we are connected and readily share complex information. We are unique and our evolution was the result of a unique evolutionary process. To understand ourselves in evolutionary terms, it’s necessary to consider two intertwined evolutionary processes—genes and culture.

Protest and Agenda-Setting

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaan Walgrave ◽  
Rens Vliegenthart
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Public Care ◽  
The Public ◽  
Almost All

This chapter discusses the relevance of the protest agenda; it is an indicator of what active segments of the public care about. The literature about the agenda-impact of protest is briefly reviewed, there are few systematic and comparative studies. Almost all protests have as an aim to increase political attention to the underlying issue. But studies examining this agenda effect have come to mixed conclusions. The chapter then explores the CAP protest data from a comparative perspective. It looks into the overall similarity of the protest agenda in six countries, and it examines whether the same issues gain protest attention at the same time.

The Bible and Indigenous Language Translations in the Americas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linford D. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Translational Activity ◽  
John Eliot ◽  
Sample Range

Scholarship on Native Americans and the Bible has often focused on the 1663 Indian Bible produced under the direction of John Eliot, the English missionary. This chapter expands the purview of European translational activity in the Americas between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries by focusing on a fuller sample range of translations into indigenous languages. Doing so reveals the astonishing range of Bible related translations undertaken by Catholic missionaries in the Americas. Such a study demonstrates the ways in which alphabetic literacy was only one form of communicating biblical truths, while it also highlights the important roles indigenous people played in the translation process.

scholarly journals Bringing party organization back in: a comparative analysis of party representation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-706
Author(s):  
Nathalie Giger ◽  
Gijs Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Party Organization

AbstractIn this study we focus on party organizational characteristics as key determinants of party congruence. We examine how the horizontal and vertical integration of parties is linked to representation in comparative perspective. We further focus on how congruence is achieved by detailing our expectation regarding effects on the uncertainty versus bias in the estimates of party constituents' opinion. Exploiting a comparative database on political parties and data from Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, we show that having a complex organizational structure and being leadership dominated makes parties less representative of their constituencies. These findings carry important implications for the study of political representation but also for the literature on political parties in crisis.

Decision Arenas in Executive Decision Making: Cabinet Committees in Comparative Perspective

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Mackie ◽  
Brian W. Hogwood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Executive Decision Making ◽  
Presidential Systems

Decision making in political executives is an oddly neglected subject in political science. The roles played by both formal institutions and less formal mechanisms in arriving at decisions in political executives are surprisingly understudied. There have been some important comparative studies of political executives but these have tended to focus on the role of the head of the political executive – the president or prime minister. The distinctive nature of cabinet systems as against presidential systems has been well brought out but a comparative framework for the analysis of variations among cabinet systems in the role of decision arenas other than the full cabinet has not been developed. Blondel in his wide-ranging survey of government structures gives only a passing mention to cabinet committees. Accordingly, in seeking to place the roles of cabinet committees in perspective, we have found it necessary to develop our own framework of decision arenas in cabinet systems.

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