scholarly journals Study of Expressionism in the Late 20th — Early 21st Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-455
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Pestova
Keyword(s):  
German Literature ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Study ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Russian Research

The article analyzes and systematizes results of Russian research in German and Russian Expressionism for the past 17 years. The focus of the author are both great collective research projects on history and theory of Russian and German literature, which includes Expressionism as an integral part of the literary process, and individual studies of literary critics and linguists. The geography of Russian study of Expressionism covers research centers in Universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Samara and in Austrian libraries (Yekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod). The research has four main directions. The first, the most traditional, focuses its forces on the study of new literary material and personalities, unknown literary texts and historical and literary facts. The second direction works with well-known texts, but operates with the latest scientific tools and provides a different understanding of the known material. The third direction is interdisciplinary and uses synthetic methods. The fourth is the comparative and typological direction, an important part of which is translation theory and practice.

scholarly journals Study of Expressionism in the Late 20th — Early 21st Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-455
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Pestova
Keyword(s):  
German Literature ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Study ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Russian Research

The article analyzes and systematizes results of Russian research in German and Russian Expressionism for the past 17 years. The focus of the author are both great collective research projects on history and theory of Russian and German literature, which includes Expressionism as an integral part of the literary process, and individual studies of literary critics and linguists. The geography of Russian study of Expressionism covers research centers in Universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Samara and in Austrian libraries (Yekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod). The research has four main directions. The first, the most traditional, focuses its forces on the study of new literary material and personalities, unknown literary texts and historical and literary facts. The second direction works with well-known texts, but operates with the latest scientific tools and provides a different understanding of the known material. The third direction is interdisciplinary and uses synthetic methods. The fourth is the comparative and typological direction, an important part of which is translation theory and practice.

scholarly journals POSTMODERN VISION OF THE WORLD IN MODERN LITERATURE

Keruen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ananyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Media ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Gender

The leading trends in the world literary process are summarized in the article based on the analysis of modern Kazakh, Belarusian and Finnish literature, which are characterized by new approaches to the interpretation of reality, reflecting the postmodern world view. Prose writers and poets build complex spatio-temporal relationships in literary texts, when pictures of the past replace the present, complementing and concretizing what has already happened. The transformation of the structure of the work of art, the chain of incredible coincidences and repetitions, the lyrical-autobiographical nature of the narrative, the metaphorical style, mythological imagery make it possible to fancifully interweave pictures of reality and fiction. The authors continue the experiment with the language and text, graphic design in different fonts, the inclusion of SMS messages, visuals, editing and clip series of images. A characteristic feature of the works is autobiography. The theme of family, childhood and gender policy is becoming a leading topic in modern Finnish and Belarusian literature. The literary text comes closer to the media text. Belarusian, Kazakh and Finnish literature are active participants in the world literary process. A postmodern vision of the world opens up new possibilities for creating characters of heroes and entering into dialogue thanks to new literary translations.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Research in Translation Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tymoczko
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The article sums up the principle trajectories of research in translation studies that are likely to be productive in the coming decades. I focus on six broad areas. The first encompasses attempts to define translation: this includes research as diverse as examinations of particular linguistic facets of translation, corpus studies of translation, descriptive historical studies, and analysis of think-aloud protocols. The second area of research pertains to the internationalization of translation, which challenges basic Western assumptions about the nature of translation and generates new case studies that shake the foundations of translation theory and practice as they are known at present. Changes in translation theory and practice associated with emerging technologies and globalization constitute the third research area to be discussed. The fourth strand is the application to translation of various interpretive perspectives based on frames from other disciplines. The last two branches of research have to do with the relationship of translation studies to cognitive science and neurophysiology. The article closes with some general observations about the implications for translation research as a whole and the structure of translation studies entailed by the six areas discussed.

Lakoff's roads not taken

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Tsur
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Efficient Coding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Processes ◽  
Cognitive Explanation

This paper is a critique of George Lakoff's theory and practice as presented in his "Contemporary Theory of Metaphor" (Lakoff 1993). It addresses the issue on several planes, on each plane comparing Lakoff's approach to some alternative. The highest plane, affording the widest perspective, concerns two approaches to interpretation and scientific thinking: one that relies on a pre-established set of meanings, and one that assumes that "all the work remains to be done in each particular case ". The two approaches involve different cognitive strategies, rapid and delayed conceptualization. Another plane concerns the cognitive explanation for using spatial images in metaphoric and symbolic processes. Here the "embodied-mind hypothesis" is confronted with the "efficient-coding hypothesis". It is argued that the latter is more adequate, and can better account for the mental flexibility required for "delayed conceptualization ". On the third plane, Lakoff's "Contemporary Theory of Metaphor" is compared to Beardsley's "Controversion Theory of Metaphor". I will assert that precisely in those respects in which Lakoff claims superiority for his theory it is inferior to Beardsley's. On the most concrete plane, Lakoff's handling of three texts is considered, two literary and one nonliter-ary. It is argued that in two cases Lakoff's conceptual apparatus is less than adequate to handle the arising problems; in the third case it allows him to say about the text exactly what every critic would have said about it for the past seven hundred years.

scholarly journals Peter Newmark's Translation Procedures as Applied to Metaphors of Literary Texts (Based on Stephen King's Works)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
D. V. Shalimova ◽  
I. V. Shalimova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Semantic

The present research featured P. Newmark's translation strategy and procedures applied to the translation of metaphors in literary texts, namely Stephen King's oeuvre. The study revealed the effect of functional style on metaphor translation. The type of metaphor, e.g. dead, cliché, stock, adapted, recent, and original, also proved important for adequate translation. The authors performed a comparative and correlative analysis of metaphors in translations made by different authors. The study was based on descriptive, cognitive, semantic, and lexicographic methods. The general functional analysis revealed grammar and lexical transformations that metaphors undergo in the process of application of P. Newmark's translation strategy and procedures. The article focuses on the optimal ways of metaphor translation as described by P. Newmark. The translator can preserve the original image in the translated text, keep the original metaphor, replace the original image with a common one, render the metaphor using a figurative comparison while preserving the original image and notion explication, ignore the notion explication of the metaphor, or totally remove the image. The analysis proved the significance of P. Newmark's approach to metaphor translation and its methodological value for modern translation theory and practice. The results obtained can be applied both in professional translation and in corresponding disciplines.

scholarly journals Stylistic Contrast in the Organization of Literary Texts in the Aspect of Translation (Based on the Material of the Lezghin and Russian Languages)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Tatyana B. Barannikova ◽  
Fatimat N. Suleymanova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Comparative Linguistics

The topicality and novelty of this article, devoted to the device of stylistic contrast, are predetermined by its rather poor study, as well as by the approach to its investigation from the angle of translation theory and comparative linguistics. The material of the research includes the examples of stylistic contrast selected from literary texts in the Lezghin language and their translations into Russian, Russian-language literary texts and their translations into the Lezghin language. The work is based on the semantico-stylistic and comparative methods, the method of linguistic description of a literary text, elements of linguoculturological and conceptual analysis, as well as the specific methods of translation studies (comparison of the translation and the original, comparison of various translations, questionnaire of informants, educational translation, an experiment). The results of the research consist in clarifying the proceeding interpretation of stylistic contrast, as well as in identifying the difficulties that translators face when transmitting it in a literary text, and indicating the algorithm for overcoming them. They can be used in the courses of Stylistics, Text Linguistics, Translation Theory and Practice, etc., as well as in the development of the translation direction in the Dagestani linguistics, which needs practical developments and theoretical generalizations.

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

Al-Rasm al-ʿUthmānī: Towards Correct Pronunciation and the Preclusion of Ambiguity

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-171
Author(s):  
Nāṣir Al-Dīn Abū Khaḍīr
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The ʿUthmānic way of writing (al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī) is a science that specialises in the writing of Qur'anic words in accordance with a specific ‘pattern’. It follows the writing style of the Companions at the time of the third caliph, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and was attributed to ʿUthmān on the basis that he was the one who ordered the collection and copying of the Qur'an into the actual muṣḥaf. This article aims to expound on the two fundamental functions of al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī: that of paying regard to the ‘correct’ pronunciation of the words in the muṣḥaf, and the pursuit of the preclusion of ambiguity which may arise in the mind of the reader and his auditor. There is a further practical aim for this study: to show the connection between modern orthography and the ʿUthmānic rasm in order that we, nowadays, are thereby able to overcome the problems faced by calligraphers and writers of the past in their different ages and cultures.

Lot's Offer of his Daughters to his People in the Torah and the Qur'an: A Comparative Study in Two Parts (Part One)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-224
Author(s):  
ʿĀʾiḍ B. Sad Al-Dawsarī
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The story of Lot is one of many shared by the Qur'an and the Torah, and Lot's offer of his two daughters to his people is presented in a similar way in the two books. This article compares the status of Lot in the Qur'an and Torah, and explores the moral dimensions of his character, and what scholars of the two religions make of this story. The significance of the episodes in which Lot offers his daughters to his people lies in the similarities and differences of the accounts given in the two books and the fact that, in both the past and the present, this story has presented moral problems and criticism has been leveled at Lot. Context is crucial in understanding this story, and exploration of the ways in which Lot and his people are presented is also useful in terms of comparative studies of the two scriptures. This article is divided into three sections: the first explores the depiction of Lot in the two texts, the second explores his moral limitations, and the third discusses the interpretations of various exegetes and scholars of the two books. Although there are similarities between the Qur'anic and Talmudic accounts of this episode, it is read differently by scholars from the two religions because of the different contexts of the respective accounts.

The Language of Ideology: Lingual Manipulation of Readers in German Literature of the Third Reich

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Michael Press
Keyword(s):  
German Literature ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Historical Argument ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War ◽  
German People

In recognizing more than just hyperbole in their critical studies of National Socialist language, post-war philologists Viktor Klemperer (1946) and Eugen Seidel (1961) credit persuasive words and syntax with the expansion of Hitler's ideology among the German people. This popular explanation is being revisited by contemporary philologists, however, as new historical argument holds the functioning of the Third Reich to be anything but monolithic. An emerging scholarly consensus on the presence of more chaos than coherence in Nazi discourse suggests a new imperative for research. After reviewing the foundational works of Mein Kampf (1925) and Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930), the author confirms Klemperer and Seidel’s claim for linguistic manipulation in the rise of the National Socialist Party. Most importantly, this article provides a detailed explanation of how party leaders employed rhetorical language to promote fascist ideology without an underlying basis of logical argumentation.

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