Effects of the Bull on Conception Rate of Dairy Cows  in Different Seasons and According to AI Type

Background: Reproductive efficiency is one of the most important factors affecting the performance dairy cattle, and fixedtime artificial insemination (TAI) is an important biotechnology factor employed in bovine livestock. The achievement of satisfactory results in TAI protocols depends of several factors, such as health and body condition, milk yield, environmental temperatures, ovulation time, semen manipulation, as well as semen quality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the conception rate of heifers and multiparous cows based on different Holstein bulls used for artificial insemination (AI). The effects of the type of management AI, animal category, and season of the year were also examined.Materials, Methods & Results: A three-year database on the reproductive management of a dairy farm was formed. All the cows and heifers were of the Holstein breed, in semi-intensive nutritional management, milked twice a day, and received a total mix ration. After 45 days in milk, when cows were observed twice daily with estrus signs, posterior artificial insemination occurred 12 h after estrus visualization was made. However, cows that were not observed in estrus were submitted to a timed artificial insemination (TAI). In this study, these fixed factors were considered: bulls utilized for the AI (totalizing 10 animals with at least 100 inseminations in each season, denoted by the letter B and a number - B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10); the season of the insemination (spring/summer being from November to April and autumn/winter from May to October), category animal (heifers, animals that never have been calved, or multiparous, animals that have already given birth more than once), and the type of AI (which included TAI using a protocol for synchronization, but cows having not necessarily shown estrus signs at the AI; ETAI: using protocol of synchronization, cows showing estrus signs at the AI; and AI with estrus visualization, without protocol of synchronization when animals were observed in estrus and were inseminated 12 h later. The fertility parameter of the bulls and reproductive performance in AI was based on conception rate. There was a statistical difference among different bulls in the same season (P ≤ 0.05). There was also a difference in reproductive performance of the same bulls between seasons, autumn/winter and spring/summer; B8 37.8% vs. 32.0% (P = 0.05) and B10 35.1% vs. 20.7% (P = 0.003). Regarding the individual animal category, only one bull (B6) demonstrated higher reproductive performance when utilized in the AI of heifers than multiparous 39.2% vs. 27.2% (P = 0.01). Similarly, regarding the effect of the type of AI, only one bull (B8) exhibited different results, obtaining better results for conception rate when utilized in fixed TAI with estrus visualization (35.5%) and in the AI with estrus visualization (39.0%) compared with that of TAI (19.9%) (P < 0.05).Discussion: From these results, it was observed that some bulls exhibited better performance in situations of greater challenge. In addition, some animals presented variation in efficiency with the demonstration of estrus or not. Therefore, bulls that present semen with higher fertility in certain types of AI could be utilized on a larger scale for to increase the reproductive rates in artificial insemination. The results of this study indicate that despite the tests indicating the semen that is submitted is adequate, there are still variations in quality and the reproductive efficiency of each bull. With the effects varying based on fertility and on different environmental and management situations.

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The effect of Foot and Mouth disease on reproductive performance of Holstein bulls in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i1.517 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

AL-Badry K. I.

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Reproductive Efficiency ◽

Semen Collection ◽

Semen Volume ◽

Holstein Bulls ◽

Disease Effect

This study was carried out in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq to revealed FMD disease effect on some seminal attributer parameters of 14 imported Holstein bulls divided to three groups according to different reproductive efficiency (four High, five medium and five weak). Results showed that FMD disease had significant (P < 0.05) adverse effect on most seminal attributer parameters, mass, individual motility and sperm concentration / ml during post disease in first of two, four, all months of high, medium and weak semen quality bulls respectively .but semen volume didn’t influenced significantly with this disease. So semen collection should be suspended until resume normal fertility of sperm, after two, four month of high and medium bulls respectively, and must be revealed weak bulls when disease happen to avoid the failure of conception from artificial insemination and there is no economic benefit to use or keep weak bulls

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Some experimental results on fixed time artificial insemination

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v28i03.1298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Otgonjargal S ◽

Dorjderem I ◽

Тuguldur G ◽

Erdenetogtokh P ◽

Ganbat S

Keyword(s):

Experimental Work ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Experimental Protocols ◽

Better Than

The fixed time of artificial Insemination was carried out in Holstein breed cows at the Max-Agro dairy farm. Four protocols with different combinations of gonadotropin realizing, prostaglandin and CIDR were used for the estrus synchronization of cows. As result of the experimental work, the rate of estrus synchronization was at 86±4.6 % in the study. Conception rate was in average 48.8±15.5% and totally 21 calves were born. The experimental protocols are shown that the CIDR+PG+GnRH combination was better than others schemes. That is why we would like to recommend that the estrus synchronization method with the CIDR+PG+GnRH is to be introduced into livestock reproduction practices. Цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэгийн үр дүнгээс Бид “Макс-Агро” ХХК –ийн эрчимжсэн аж ахуйн Голштейн үүлдрийн үнээнд “Цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэг”хийв.Үүний тулд гипоталамусын гонадотропин релизинг даавар /GnRH/, простагландин даавар /PGF2a/, үтрээний суулгац (сидр)-ыг 4 өөр хувилбараар хослуулан хэрэглэхэд туршилтад хамрагдсан нийт үнээний 86±4.6 хувь нь ороо жигдрэв.Цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэг хийхэд дунджаар 48.8±15.5% хээл хөгжиж, 21 тугал хүлээж авлаа. Туршилт хийсэн хувилбаруудаас CIDR+PG+GnRH-ийг хослуулан хэрэглэн ороо жигдрүүлж үнээнд цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлгийн аргыг үйлдвэрлэлд нэвтрүүлэх зүйтэй гэж үзэж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Гонадотропин релизинг даавар, простагландин, ороо, цагийн зохицуулалттай зохиомол хээлтүүлэг

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The effect of Foot and Mouth disease on reproductive performance of Holstein bulls in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i1.560 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

AL-Badry K. I.

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Reproductive Efficiency ◽

Semen Collection ◽

Semen Volume ◽

Holstein Bulls ◽

Disease Effect

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Effects on Synchronization and Reproductive Efficiency of Delaying the Removal of the Intravaginal Progesterone Device by 24 h in the 5d Co-synch Protocol in Heifers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 849

Author(s):

Aitor Fernandez-Novo ◽

Sergio Santos-Lopez ◽

Jose Luis Pesantez-Pacheco ◽

Natividad Pérez-Villalobos ◽

Ana Heras-Molina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Reproductive Efficiency ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Animal Management ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

Beef Herds ◽

Farm Economics

In beef herds, increasing animal welfare, improving reproductive performance and easing animal management are key goals in farm economics. We explored whether delaying the removal of the intravaginal progesterone device by 24 h in heifers synchronized with a 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol could improve reproductive efficiency of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In experiment 1, we examined the total synchronization rate (TSR) in cycling Holstein heifers. Heifers (13.4 ± 0.69 mo.) were randomly assigned to the standard 5d Co-synch 56-h protocol (5dCo56; n = 10), 5d Co-synch 72-h (5dCo72; n = 17), or the modified 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol, in which removal of the progesterone device was delayed by 24 h (6dCo48; n = 19). In experiment 2, 309 cycling beef heifers on 18 commercial farms were subjected to the 5d Co-synch 72-h or 6-d Co-synch 48-h protocol and conception rate (CR) studied. In experiment 1, the three protocols led no differences on TSRs of 80.0% (5dCo56), 88.2% (5dCo72), and 89.5% (6dCo48). In experiment 2, the CR from the beef heifers, observed during two consecutive reproductive seasons did not differ: 59.7% for 5dCo72 and 62.0% for 6dCo48 (p = 0.907). Therefore, delaying removal by 24 h provides satisfactory results without reducing reproductive efficiency of heifers.

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Influence of seasonality, timing of insemination and rectal temperature on conception rate of crossbred dairy cows

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p155 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fransérgio Rocha de Souza ◽

Carla Cristian Campos ◽

Natascha Almeida Marques da Silva ◽

Ricarda Maria dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Digital Thermometer ◽

Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽

Chi Squared

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rectal temperature (RT) on conception rate (CR), as well as the effects of seasonality (spring-summer vs. autumn-winter) and timing of artificial insemination (AI) (morning vs. afternoon) on RT and CR in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr). The experiment was conducted on a dairy farm in Centralina, MG, where 1,219 conventional and fixed-time inseminations were analyzed. The RT was measured immediately before AI using a digital thermometer. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using ultrasonography between 28 and 60 days after AI. T The effects of seasonality and timing of AI on RT were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U test and the effects of RT (above or below the average), seasonality and timing of AI on CR were analyzed with a Chi-squared test, both using the SAS program. The RT average was 39.4°C. Cows with RT ? 39.4°C had lower CR than cows with RT < 39.4°C (25.78% vs. 32.54%; P = 0.0096). During spring-summer, cows had higher RT (39.44°C ± 0.025 vs. 39.27°C ± 0.022; P < 0.0001) and lower CR (25.49% vs. 31.75%; P = 0.0146) compared with autumn-winter. Cows inseminated in the morning had lower RT (38.96°C ± 0.022 vs. 39.60°C ± 0.018; P < 0.0001) and higher CR (32.86% vs. 26.06%; P = 0.0102) than cows inseminated in the afternoon. In conclusion, crossbred dairy cows with rectal temperature equal to or greater than 39.4°C had lower conception rate. Moreover, rectal temperature and conception rate were affected by seasonality and insemination time.

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The effect of semen age on conception rate

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600057439 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 256-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. C. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Breed Differences ◽

External Conditions ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

1. The relationship of semen age to conception rate was studied at two artificial-insemination centres and a subcentre of one of these. Data relating to 50,213 first inseminations were included in the analysis.2. It is shown that external conditions can affect the rate of decrease of conception rate with semen age.3. Records giving c.r.'s for each day of semen age may reveal centre differences that cannot be detected in records giving mean c.r.'s only.4. Information may be lost if data are grouped by months rather than recorded by collections.5. The rate of decrease should not be used for comparing centres until the various factors affecting it (e.g. breed differences) are more fully understood. Further investigations should not be limited to one centre.

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Factors affecting reproductive performance of white-tailed deer subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination or natural mating

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd12055 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 581 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel Mellado ◽

Claudia G. Orta ◽

Eloy A. Lozano ◽

Jose E. García ◽

Francisco G. Veliz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Litter Weight ◽

Subsequent Period ◽

Natural Mating ◽

Game Hunting

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of several factors affecting fawning rate, litter size, litter weight and neonatal fawn mortality in white-tailed deer inseminated either transcervically or by means of laparoscopy. Oestrus synchronisation with a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based protocol and fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was conducted in 130 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus texanus) during three reproductive seasons (2007–2009; 271 services) in a game-hunting ranch in a hot–arid environment (26°4′ N, 101°25′ W). Ninety additional non-treated does were exposed to bucks for natural mating. Fawning rate did not differ between AI methods (40.0 vs 45.0% for transcervical and laparoscopic AI, respectively). Overall fawning rate (proportion of all does fawning after FTAI and a subsequent period of buck exposure) did not differ between transcervical (89.5%), laparoscopic (80.3%) or natural (88.9%) insemination. Litter size per fawning doe was higher (P<0.05) in naturally-served does (1.65±0.48) than in transcervically-inseminated does (1.40±0.51) or in laparoscopically-inseminated does (1.48±0.50). The main conclusion was that no enhancement of fawning rate or litter size occurred as a result of intrauterine deposition of semen by laparoscopy compared with the transcervical insemination technique.

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CONCEPTION RATE PADA SAPI KRUI DI KECAMATAN PESISIR SELATAN KABUPATEN PESISIR BARAT

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) ◽

10.23960/jrip.2021.5.1.8-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Rahmat Saputra ◽

Madi Hartono ◽

Sri Suharyati

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Census Data ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Survey Method ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Condition Score

The purpose of this research was to know the value of conception rate and the factors affecting the conception rate of Krui Cattles in Pesisir Selatan District, Pesisir Barat Regency. This research was carried out using survey method with census data collection in December 2019 until January 2020. This study used data of 166 artificially inseminated Krui cattles belong to 75 farmers and secondary data of the result of artificial insemination from two inseminators. Data was analysed using multiple regression analysis with SPSS program. The result showed that conception rate of Krui cattles at Pesisir Selatan District was 58.43%. Factors that affect conception rate were the amount of forage giving that negatively associated with factor value of 0.006, body condition score that positively associated with factor value of 0.102, and service per conception that negatively associated with factor value of 0.591. Keywords : conception rates, Krui cattles

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Sperm concentration on the intrauterine artificial insemination in swine

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542009000600030 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1671-1674

Author(s):

Joana Miller ◽

Ana Luísa Neves Alvarenga ◽

Luis David Solis Murgas ◽

Adriana Cristina da Silva ◽

Ricardo Sales Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Intrauterine Insemination ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Cervical Canal ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Farrowing Rate

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the intrauterine insemination (IUI) in swine, considering the conception rate, farrowing rate, litter size (alive born pigs). For the IUI, the females had been insemination at 24 and 48 hours after the estrus detection, and the inseminating doses of 500 million, 1 billion, 1.5 billion and 2 billion spermatozoa in 20 mL extender had been used. The procedure of catheter insertion through the cervical canal was successfully performed in 97.9% of the females. The conception rate was 6.3% in the IUI. The farrowing rate in IUI was 87.2% but the farrowing rate was 100% for the sperm concentration of 500 million. Regarding the number of born pigs and alive born pigs observed in females inseminated with IUI, no significant difference was observed (p > 0.05). The concentration of 500 x 10(6) spermatozoa in 20 mL extender in the intrauterine insemination resulted in an optimal reproductive performance.

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Bovine sperm selection procedure prior to cryopreservation for improvement of post-thawed semen quality and fertility

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-019-0395-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

MariaPortia B. Nagata ◽

Junki Egashira ◽

Naoto Katafuchi ◽

Kenji Endo ◽

Kazuko Ogata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Selection Procedure ◽

Dna Integrity ◽

Sperm Selection ◽

Animal Reproduction ◽

Fertility Variation ◽

The Individual

Abstract Background The application of cryopreservation and artificial insemination technology have contributed to the advancement of animal reproduction. However, a substantial proportion of spermatozoa undergoes alterations and loses their fertility during cryopreservation, rendering the frozen-thawed semen impractical for routine use. Cryopreservation is known to reduce sperm lifespan and fertility. Variation in cryosurvival of spermatozoa from different sires and even with the individual sire is common in artificial insemination (AI) centers. Our goal is to improve post-thawed semen quality by optimization of cryopreservation technique through sperm selection prior to cryopreservation process. Results Our strategy of sperm selection based on rheotaxis and thermotaxis (SSRT) on macrosale in a rotating fluid flow demonstrated the ability to maintain the original pre-freezing structural integrity, viability and biological function related to fertilization competence. This strategy has a positive effect on the cryosurvival and fertilizing abilities of spermatozoa as supported by the improvement on pregnancy rate of Japanese Black heifers and Holstein repeat breeders. This technique protected further sublethal damage to bovine spermatozoa (higher % cryosurvival than the control) and resulted in the improvement of DNA integrity. Prefreeze selected spermatozoa demonstrated slower and controlled capacitation than unprocessed control which is thought to be related to sperm longevity and consequently to appropriate timing during in vivo fertilization. Conclusions These results provide solid evidence that improvement of post-thawed semen quality by SSRT method is beneficial in terms of cryosurvival, longevity of post-thawed sperm, and optimization of in vivo fertilization, embryo development and calving as supported by the favorable results of field fertility study.

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