Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) pada Sintesis Karboksimetil Selulosa (CMC)

Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum has been used as the main ingredient in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of CMC synthesis from the cellulose of Pennisetum purpureum is to obtain CMC compounds with the best degree of substitution (DS) value and the highest yield. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two independent variables, namely the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10%, 20%, and 30%) and reaction time (3 and 4 hours). The results showed that the CMC with the highest DS value (0.839) was obtained using 20% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 3 hours. The highest CMC yield was 30.15% which was obtained using 30% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 4 hours. Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.

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PEMBUATAN Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) DARI PELEPAH NANAS (Ananas cosmosus Merr.)

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.11654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 166-172

Author(s):

Ripdayana Ripdayana ◽

Ahmad Ridhay ◽

Erwin Abdul Rahim

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Design Method ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Two Independent Variables

A research about production of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from pineapple midrib (Ananas cosmosus Merr.) has been conducted. This research aims to determine the best cellulose ratio with sodium monochloro acetate and the best reaction time to the substitution degree of carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midrib fibers. This study used a Completely Randomized Design method with two independent variables, i.e. variations in the weight of sodium monochloroacetate (2.5 grams, 3 grams, 3.5 grams, 4 grams, and 4.5 grams) and variations in reaction time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours , and 5 hours), each treatment was done duplo using 20 treatment units. The result of the study showed that the best ratio of sodium monochloroacetate to cellulose which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 2.5: 2.5 with substitution degree value of 1.93 and optimum reaction time which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 1 hour with substitution degree of 2.38. Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose, Pineapple midrib

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Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, dan Fungsional Pati Ubi Banggai Asetat pada Berbagai Variasi Waktu Reaksi

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.48983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

If'all If'all ◽

Asriani Hasanuddin ◽

Abdul Rahim ◽

Syahraeni Kadir

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Degree Of Substitution ◽

Raw Material ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The One

Banggai yam plant (endemic in Banggai Kepulauan Regency) is a potential raw material in production of modified starch. The one of techniques to increase the value of starch is modification of starch by acetylation method. This study objectives to determine the physical, chemical and functional characteristics of Banggai acetate yam starch at various reaction times. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with treatment time reaction (T), namely T1: 30 min, T2: 35 min, T3: 40 min, T4: 45 min, T5: 50 min, T6: 55 min. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of yam acetate starch, which includes percent acetyl, degree of substitution, water and oil holding capacity (WHC/OHC), flammability, solubility, moisture content, ash, fat, protein, starch and amylose starch. The results showed that the longer reaction time under certain conditions will increase the acetyl percent, degree of substitution, WHC, OHC, flareability, solubility but reduce levels of fat, water, ash, fat, protein, starch and amylose starch, yam acetate. In this study at the best reaction time is (50 min), gives the acetyl percent 8.658% and substitution degree of 0.356, the value of WHC, OHC, Swelling ratio and solubility of 32.21%, 30.21%, 1.98 g/g, and 19.17% respectively.

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PERSEN DEGRADASI EKSTRAK ETANOL KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN THE PERCENTAGE OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF ROSELLE PETALS (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) DURING STORAGE

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.9970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

Firmasari Firmasari ◽

Ni Ketut Sumarni ◽

Ruslan ◽

Hardi Ys

Keyword(s):

Ph Effect ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Low Ph ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Tomato Sauce ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Two Independent Variables

Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is more stable in low pH than in high pH. The research aims to monitor and determine the effect of ratio content in ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce and the pH effect on the percentage of ethanol extract degradation during storage. Two independent variables implemented in this study, are ratio content of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce and pH. Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce with ratio content 0,5:1; 1:1; and 1:0 (w/w) and adjusted to pH 2, pH 3, pH 4, pH 5 and pH 6, respectively were investigated. The absorbance measurement of Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce was depend on each treatment, then analyzed using completely randomized design. The percentage of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) degradation in tomato sauce decreased in ratio content 1:0 (w/w) at pH 2 with percentage content of degradation is 30.09%. Furthermore, after 10 days of storage, the highest percentage of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce degradation is 93.33% with ratio content is 0.5:1 at pH 6 and the lowest is 30.09% with ratio content 1:0 at pH 2. Keywords: Roselle petals, Ethanol Extract, Tomato Sauce, Percentage of Degradation

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CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) FROM PALM MIDRIB

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.8.1.53-61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Devi Silsia ◽

Zulman Efendi ◽

Febri Timotius

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Water Content ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Two Factors ◽

Three Stages

Midrib is one of the palm plantation waste that has not been utilized optimally. The high cellulose content of palm midrib is potentially converted to carboxymethyl cellulose. This study aims to determine the characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose that produced from various concentrations of trichloroacetic acid and reaction times. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with two factors i.e tricloroacetic acid concentration (10%, 20% and 30%) and reaction time (3 hours and 4 hours). The synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose in this study consists of three stages i.e alkalization, carboxymethylation and purification. The carboxymethyl cellulose obtained was characterized include degree of subsitution (DS), pH, viscosity, water content, and purity. The results showed that the best carboxymethyl cellulose was obtained from the use of 20% tricloroacetic acid and 3 hours reaction time. The characterrization result include substitution degree value of 0.76, pH of 8.32, water content of 7.1%, with a viscosity of 7.8 cP, and purity of 92.62%.

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SINTESIS O-KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN SUHU REAKSI SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/j24775398.2017.v3.i1.8231 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaya Hardi ◽

Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati ◽

Ahmad Ridhay ◽

Musdalifah Musdalifah

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Primary Amine ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Ftir Spectrum ◽

Bending Vibration ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The research about the influence of NaOH concentrations and reaction temperature to O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMC) synthesis and it is antibacterial application was done. This research intent on detect NaOH concentration and reaction temperature that resulting of O-CMC with highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees, and also to find out FTIR spectrum and antibacterial activity of O-CMC. The produce of O-CMC was done by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the variation of NaOH concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, and also reaction temperature of 20, 30, and 40oC. The result was showed that on the NaOH concentration of 60% (w/v) and temperature of 30oC was resulted highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees of 41.5%, 31 g/L, and 0.67, respectively. FTIR spectrum was showed that bending vibration of primary amine (-NH2) give two bands for O-CMC. The broadest inhibition area of O-CMC (1.43 cm) was showed on Salmonella sp.Keywords: chitosan, O-CMC, substitution degree, antibacterial

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PENGARUH DOSIS BOKASHI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADA PEMOTONGAN PERTAMA RUMPUT GAJAH MINI (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. Mott)

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) ◽

10.23960/jrip.2021.5.2.105-113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 105-113

Author(s):

Azaria Dhea Gantina ◽

Farida Fathul ◽

Liman Liman ◽

Muhtarudin Muhtarudin

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Dwarf Elephant Grass

This research aims was to determine the effect of bokashi dose on plant height, number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry matter production and also to determine the optimum dose of bokashi to obtain the best results on growth and production at the first harvest of dwarf elephant grass. This research was conducted in March 2020 - July 2020 in Sidodadi Asri village, Jati Agung district, South Lampung regency. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 levels of treatment, namely P0 (control); P1 (bokashi dosage 30 tons/ha); P2 (bokashi dosage 40 tons/ha); and P3 (bokashi dosage 50 tons/ha). Each experimental treatment unit has plot measuring 2x2 m2. Each trial unit was repeated 3 times, so there were 12 trial units. The data were analyzed by variations analyzed at 5% and or 1% level, after that it was followed by orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the dose of bokashi had a significant effect (P<0,05) on plant height, fresh production, and dry production, but had no significant effect (P>0,05) on number of tillers, and percentage of stems. The effect of bokashi fertilizer on plant height was obtained by using the optimum bokashi dose of 36.73 tons/ha and the equation was = 60,13 + 35,38x - 6.62x2 [0 ; 50 ton/Ha] (P<0,01). The optimum dose was not obtained for the number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry production. Keywords: Plant height, Number of tillers, Percentage of stems, Fresh production, Dry production

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KARAKTERISTIK SENSORI DAN FISIK KULIT PANGSIT GORENG DENGAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG YANG BERBEDA PADA PENYIMPANAN DINGIN DAN BEKU

JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI ◽

10.19184/j-agt.v11i02.6524 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Nuri Arum Anugrahati ◽

Natania Natania ◽

Andrew Andrew

Keyword(s):

Wheat Flour ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Main Ingredient ◽

Substitution Level ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Glutinous Rice ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Tapioca Flour ◽

Freezing Storage

Wonton wrapper is a type of pasta that has a similar composition with noodle, such as wheat flour, water, egg, salt, and kansui. Indonesian people has also consumed wonton wrapper but it has been limited due to the difficulty of wheat flour supply as it’s main ingredient. To reduce the dependency of imported wheat flour, this experiment was held to determine tapioca, sago, and glutinous rice as a substitute to wheat flour. The aims of this research were to determine the type of flour to substitute wheat flour in fried wonton wrapper making, to determine the protein percentage of wheat flour in fried wonton wrapper making, and to determine the sensory and physical characteristics of wonton wrapper on cold and frozen storage. This research was conducted by RAL (completely randomized design) using two treatment factors are three kinds of flour (tapioca, sago, and glutinous rice) and three substitution level of concentration (15, 30, and 45%). The organoleptic result showed that fried wonton wrapper made from medium protein wheat flour with 30% tapioca flour substitution was the best treatment to produce a good quality since it had a higher crunchiness, acceptance, and substitution level. Sensory and physical characteristics of wonton wrapper has been maintained during 4 weeks of freezing storage. Keywords: fried wonton wrapper, wheat flour, tapioca

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Yields Losses Caused by Basal Plate Rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) in Some Shallot Varieties

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.26916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono ◽

Kumala Sari ◽

Susilo Hambeg Poromarto

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Basal Plate ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Crop Losses ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Important Disease

Basal plate rot or moler caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>cepae</em> (FOCe) is the most important disease of shallot. However, the information of crop losses attributed to the pathogen is still limited, especially related to resistance of shallot. This paper discusses the correlation between disease severity and resistance of some shallot varieties to yield losses. The experiment was arranged by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six varieties of shallot as treatments, each of which consisted of 20 shallots, with three times of replications. The independent variables were the disease severity of twisting leaf and rotting of shallot bulb. The association of disease severity versus yield losses in different varieties was based on the correlation analysis. The results showed that both variables were positively correlated to yield losses, which were significantly affected by the level of resistance. Yield losses in resistant and moderate varieties were at the ranges of 2.13-4.38 and 15, 27.26-40.04, respectively.

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Accumulation and partition of macronutrients in Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo managed under different growth ages and seasons

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402018000300001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 223-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Theyson Duarte Maranhão ◽

Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

Marcos Neves Lopes ◽

Rafael Rodrigues da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Accumulation Rate ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Accumulation Rates ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Linear Behavior ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Completely Randomized Design

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient accumulations in leaf, stem, and shoot of elephant grass cv. Roxo. The treatments consisted of seven growth ages (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, and 63 days) and three growing seasons (rainy, transition, and dry). A completely randomized design and a split-plot time arrangement were used, where the ages were the plots and the seasons the subplots, with three replications. Interaction between the factors age and season of cultivation for the contents and the daily accumulation rates of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S in leaf, stem, and shoot fractions were calculated. The margins of daily accumulation of nutrients N, P, K, Mg, and S presented positive linear behavior in all seasons studied; however, with variation in the magnitude of the response between them. The daily accumulation rate of Ca in the canopy was adjusted to a linear model for the rainy and dry seasons and to a quadratic model for the transition season, reaching a maximum of 4.60 kg ha-1 at 59.76 days of growth. The accumulation of nutrients in elephant grass cv. Roxo showed the following decreasing order: K > N > P > Mg > Ca > S in the rainy and transition seasons, while in the dry season the following decreasing order was observed: K > P > N > Ca > Mg > S.

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Oxalate and silica contents of seven varieties of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i3.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 397-402

Author(s):

M.M. Rahman ◽

M.S. Norshazwani ◽

T. Gondo ◽

M.N. Maryana ◽

R. Akashi

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Silica Content ◽

Napier Grass ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Stem Tissue ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Plant Maturity ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Oxalate and silica are considered antinutrients. Large quantities of oxalate and silica in plants can interfere with the uptake of essential minerals in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the total silica and oxalate contents of seven varieties of Napier grass to find out which is best for cultivation. Taiwan, Zanzibar, Pakchong, Purple, Kobe, Indian, and Dwarf Napier grass were grown in a completely randomized design with three replications to determine their soluble oxalate, total oxalate, and silica contents. Plants were harvested at two months of plant maturity. Whole plant of the Dwarf Napier grass contained significantly higher soluble oxalate content than tall varieties. Total oxalate content in whole plant differed significantly among varieties. Dwarf showed the highest total oxalate content (3.23% dry matter (DM)) followed by Kobe (2.61%), Zanzibar (2.60%), Purple (2.44%), Taiwan (2.43%), Indian (2.15%), and Pakchong (1.95%). Regardless of variety, leaf tissue contained significantly higher soluble oxalate and total oxalate than stem tissue. There were no differences in silica content among them. In conclusion, the tall varieties could produce lower levels of soluble oxalate than the Dwarf variety, whereas silica content might not vary among them.Keywords: botanical fractions, mineral bioavailability, ruminant

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