Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, dan Fungsional Pati Ubi Banggai Asetat pada Berbagai Variasi Waktu Reaksi

Banggai yam plant (endemic in Banggai Kepulauan Regency) is a potential raw material in production of modified starch. The one of techniques to increase the value of starch is modification of starch by acetylation method. This study objectives to determine the physical, chemical and functional characteristics of Banggai acetate yam starch at various reaction times. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with treatment time reaction (T), namely T1: 30 min, T2: 35 min, T3: 40 min, T4: 45 min, T5: 50 min, T6: 55 min. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of yam acetate starch, which includes percent acetyl, degree of substitution, water and oil holding capacity (WHC/OHC), flammability, solubility, moisture content, ash, fat, protein, starch and amylose starch. The results showed that the longer reaction time under certain conditions will increase the acetyl percent, degree of substitution, WHC, OHC, flareability, solubility but reduce levels of fat, water, ash, fat, protein, starch and amylose starch, yam acetate. In this study at the best reaction time is (50 min), gives the acetyl percent 8.658% and substitution degree of 0.356, the value of WHC, OHC, Swelling ratio and solubility of 32.21%, 30.21%, 1.98 g/g, and 19.17% respectively.

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Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) pada Sintesis Karboksimetil Selulosa (CMC)

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 146-153

Author(s):

Erwin Abdul Rahim ◽

Grace Sita Turumi ◽

Syaiful Bahri ◽

Jusman ◽

Syamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Trichloroacetic Acid ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Main Ingredient ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Two Independent Variables

Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum has been used as the main ingredient in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of CMC synthesis from the cellulose of Pennisetum purpureum is to obtain CMC compounds with the best degree of substitution (DS) value and the highest yield. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two independent variables, namely the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10%, 20%, and 30%) and reaction time (3 and 4 hours). The results showed that the CMC with the highest DS value (0.839) was obtained using 20% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 3 hours. The highest CMC yield was 30.15% which was obtained using 30% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 4 hours. Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.

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Modifikasi Pati Secara Asetilasi Terhadap Gugus Fungsi Asetil dan Kristanilitas Pati Ubi Banggai Asetat

Rekayasa ◽

10.21107/rekayasa.v12i2.5857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140

Author(s):

If'all If'all ◽

Asriani Hasanuddin ◽

Abdul Rahim ◽

Syahraeni Kadir

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Wave Number ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Binding Characteristics ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Acetyl Group ◽

Function Group ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik gugus fungsi asetil dan kristanilitas pati ubi banggai asetat melalui modifikasi pati secara asetilasi dengan waktu reaksi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan waktu reaksi (T) yaitu T1 : 30 menit, T2 : 35 menit, T3 : 40 menit, T4 : 45 menit, T5 : 50 menit, T6 : 55 menit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan karakteristik pengikatan gugus fungsi asetil FTIR dan kristanilitas XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuknya pati ubi banggai asetat ditunjukkan dengan hasil identifikasi FTIR berupa adanya serapan gugus karbonil (C=O) pada bilangan gelombang 1651,07 cm-1, 1645,28 cm-1, 1643,35 cm-1, 1645,28 cm-1, 1651,07 cm-1 dan 1647,21 cm-1 dan munculnya gugus fungsi (C-O) ester dari gugus asetil pada bilangan gelombang 1163,08 cm-1, 1161,15 cm-1, 1159,22 cm-1, 1161,15 cm-1, 1163,08 cm-1 dan 1155,36 cm-1. Hasil analisis kristanilitas difraktogram XRD pati ubi banggai asetat diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 50 menit (16,97%) yang bersifat kristalin.Modification of Starch by Acetylation of the Acetyl Function Group and the Kristanility of Banggai Yam Starch AcetateAbstractThis study aims to determine the characteristics of the acetyl functional groups and the Banggai yam acetate crystallinity by acetylation modification of starch with different reaction times. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design with treatment time of reaction (T) namely T1: 30 minutes, T2: 35 minutes, T3: 40 minutes, T4: 45 minutes, T5: 50 minutes, T6: 55 minutes. This study was conducted to determine the binding characteristics of the acetyl FTIR functional groups and the XRD crystallinity. The results showed that the formation of banggai yam starch with acetate was indicated by the results of FTIR identification in the form of absorption of carbonyl groups (C = O) at wave number 1651.07 cm-1, 1645.28 cm-1, 1643.35 cm-1, 1645, 28 cm-1, 1651.07 cm-1 and 1647.21 cm-1 and the appearance of the functional group (C-O) esters of the acetyl group at wave number 1163.08 cm-1, 1161.15 cm-1, 1159.22 cm-1, 1161.15 cm-1, 1163.08 cm-1 and 1155.36 cm-1. The results of the analysis of the XRD diffractogram crystallinity of starch cassava proud with acetate were obtained at a reaction time of 50 minutes (16.97%) which were crystalline.Keyword : Banggai yam starch, asetylation, FTIR, XRD

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CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) FROM PALM MIDRIB

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.8.1.53-61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Devi Silsia ◽

Zulman Efendi ◽

Febri Timotius

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Water Content ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Two Factors ◽

Three Stages

Midrib is one of the palm plantation waste that has not been utilized optimally. The high cellulose content of palm midrib is potentially converted to carboxymethyl cellulose. This study aims to determine the characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose that produced from various concentrations of trichloroacetic acid and reaction times. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with two factors i.e tricloroacetic acid concentration (10%, 20% and 30%) and reaction time (3 hours and 4 hours). The synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose in this study consists of three stages i.e alkalization, carboxymethylation and purification. The carboxymethyl cellulose obtained was characterized include degree of subsitution (DS), pH, viscosity, water content, and purity. The results showed that the best carboxymethyl cellulose was obtained from the use of 20% tricloroacetic acid and 3 hours reaction time. The characterrization result include substitution degree value of 0.76, pH of 8.32, water content of 7.1%, with a viscosity of 7.8 cP, and purity of 92.62%.

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PEMBUATAN Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) DARI PELEPAH NANAS (Ananas cosmosus Merr.)

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.11654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 166-172

Author(s):

Ripdayana Ripdayana ◽

Ahmad Ridhay ◽

Erwin Abdul Rahim

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Design Method ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Two Independent Variables

A research about production of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from pineapple midrib (Ananas cosmosus Merr.) has been conducted. This research aims to determine the best cellulose ratio with sodium monochloro acetate and the best reaction time to the substitution degree of carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midrib fibers. This study used a Completely Randomized Design method with two independent variables, i.e. variations in the weight of sodium monochloroacetate (2.5 grams, 3 grams, 3.5 grams, 4 grams, and 4.5 grams) and variations in reaction time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours , and 5 hours), each treatment was done duplo using 20 treatment units. The result of the study showed that the best ratio of sodium monochloroacetate to cellulose which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 2.5: 2.5 with substitution degree value of 1.93 and optimum reaction time which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 1 hour with substitution degree of 2.38. Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose, Pineapple midrib

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Soybean waste in particleboard production

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542018422015817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽

Alan Pereira Vilela ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

Lourival Marin Mendes ◽

Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

High Yield ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

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SINTESIS O-KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN SUHU REAKSI SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/j24775398.2017.v3.i1.8231 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaya Hardi ◽

Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati ◽

Ahmad Ridhay ◽

Musdalifah Musdalifah

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Primary Amine ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Ftir Spectrum ◽

Bending Vibration ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The research about the influence of NaOH concentrations and reaction temperature to O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMC) synthesis and it is antibacterial application was done. This research intent on detect NaOH concentration and reaction temperature that resulting of O-CMC with highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees, and also to find out FTIR spectrum and antibacterial activity of O-CMC. The produce of O-CMC was done by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the variation of NaOH concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, and also reaction temperature of 20, 30, and 40oC. The result was showed that on the NaOH concentration of 60% (w/v) and temperature of 30oC was resulted highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees of 41.5%, 31 g/L, and 0.67, respectively. FTIR spectrum was showed that bending vibration of primary amine (-NH2) give two bands for O-CMC. The broadest inhibition area of O-CMC (1.43 cm) was showed on Salmonella sp.Keywords: chitosan, O-CMC, substitution degree, antibacterial

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The effect of sorbitol and white sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas L.) inulin extract application on marshmallow physical, chemical and organoleptic properties

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(1).405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 298-305

Author(s):

B. Yudhistira ◽

A.K. Putri ◽

S. Prabawa

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Design Method ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ipomea Batatas ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

High Calorie

Marshmallow belongs to a high-calorie food that requires a low-calorie substitute for sucrose, one of which is sorbitol. Marshmallow has the potential to become a functional food with the addition of inulin contained within white sweet potatoes. Inulin refers to a type of fructan carbohydrate which contains fiber and has the potential as a prebiotic that is beneficial for the human’s body. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of white sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) inulin extract and sorbitol on the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristic of marshmallows and to obtain the best marshmallow’s formula through white sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) inulin extract and sorbitol addition. The completely randomized design method (CRD) applied in this study consisted of one factor, namely the difference in formulation between the concentration of white sweet potato inulin extract (2% and 3%) and the concentration of sorbitol (25%, 50%, and 75%). The statistical analysis utilized the One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method using SPSS. The results of this study indicated that the addition of white sweet potato inulin extract and sorbitol had a significant effect on tensile strength, density, moisture content, ash content, total calories, dietary fiber, and organoleptic characteristics of marshmallows. The best formula for marshmallows was formula 4 with the addition of 2% white sweet potato inulin extract and 50% sorbitol.

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POTENSI KULIT KOPI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK KOMPOS DI PROPINSI BENGKULU

AGRITEPA: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian ◽

10.37676/agritepa.v2i2.179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Afrizon

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Raw Material ◽

Skin Potential ◽

Coffee Waste ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Leather Wastes ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Leather Waste ◽

Fruit Harvest

The experimen of Coffee For Skin Potential Raw Material Compost in Bengkulu Province was conducted from March to June 2010 in the laboratory greenhouse BPTP Bengkulu. The purpose of this study are 1) Testing coffee leather waste into compost in an effort to preserve the environment, 2) Determine the potential of waste as raw material for leather coffee fertilizer in Bengkulu Province. In the manufacture of compost using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: a) 70% waste + 20% KDP coffee cage + 10% rice bran + EM4 + sugar, b) 80% waste + 10% KDP coffee cage + 10% rice bran + EM4 + sugar, c) 80% waste coffee + 20% KDP cage + EM4 + sugar, d) 80% + 20% of coffee waste Manure + EM4, e) 80% waste + 10% KDP coffee cage + 10% rice bran, f) 80% waste + 20 copies % KDP cage. As for seeing the potential of coffee leather waste by gathering primary and secondary data related to commodities which includes the area planted with coffee and productivity in every district in Bengkulu province. The data collected is the percentage of skin waste of coffee per 100 g, area planted with coffee every district, the content of N, P, K and C organic. The research shows that compost with time for 4 weeks has given the maturity of fertilizer as indicated by the value of C / N between 9.75 to 15.99. The composition of 80% waste + 10% coffee hull Manure + 10% rice bran provides the best compost. Compost made from leather wastes contain nutrients coffee in accordance with ISO standards 19-7030-2004 about compost quality standards. Dried coffee fruit harvest yield 51.2% milled coffee leather waste with a potential of 30,222 tons / year. equivalent to 738.323 tons N / yr. This is identical to substitute with an equal amount of urea (46% N) of 339.628 tons / year. equivalent to 86.434 tons P205/th. This is identical to substitute with an equal value superphos (SP-36) amounted to 31.116 tons / yr, equivalent to 876.438 kg K2O/th or identical substitute KCl (60%) amounted to 525.862tons/year. Keywords : coffee leather waste, compost, potential

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LIMBAH TERNAK KELINCI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK POTENSIAL

Jurnal Agroqua Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan ◽

10.32663/ja.v16i2.506 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Risvan Anwar ◽

Djatmiko Djatmiko

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Animal Waste ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Many Sources

Many sources of raw materials which allegedly can enrich the nutrient content in the organic fertilizer. The weakness of organic fertilizer for this is the low level of nutrients contained in them.This study aims to determine the nutrient content contained in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material.This study aims to determine the nutrient content in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material. The experiment used a completely randomized design with raw materials as treatments, Livestock Waste Rabbit (LTK), Cow Manure (PKS) and Abu Straw Rice (AJP). Such treatment: B1 = LTK; B2 = LTK: PKS = 2: 1; B3 = LTK: AJP = 3: 1; B4 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1; B5 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 5: 2: 1; B6 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 4: 2: 1; B7 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 3: 2: 1; B8 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1; B9 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1. The research concluded (a) Organic fertilizers are made from various materials raw has fulfilled SNI 19-7030-2004 about the specifications of Organic Waste Compost. (B) A combination of organic fertilizer raw materials significantly affect the nutrient content of manure. (C) Organic fertilizers expectations are: (a) Raw materials of animal wastes rabbit (LTK), (b) LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1, (c) LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1 and (d) LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanofiber of Oxidized Cellulose from Nata De Coco

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/2787035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Ditpon Kotatha ◽

Supitcha Rungrodnimitchai

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Oxidized Cellulose ◽

Carboxyl Content ◽

Cellulose Structure ◽

Nanofibrous Structure ◽

The Fourier Transform

Oxidized cellulose (OC) nanofiber was successfully prepared from the dry sheet of Nata De Coco (DNDC) using the mixture system of HNO3/H3PO4–NaNO2for the first time. The carboxyl content of the OC was investigated at different conditions (HNO3/H3PO4ratios, reaction times, and reaction temperatures). The results revealed that the carboxyl content of the OC increased along with the reaction time, which yielded 0.6, 14.8, 17.5, 20.9, 21.0, and 21.0% after 0, 6, 12, 36, and 48 hours, respectively. The reaction yields of the OC ranged between 79% and 85% when using HNO3/H3PO4ratio of 1 : 3, 1.4% wt of NaNO2at 30°C at different reaction times. From the structural analysis, the OC products showed a nanofibrous structure with a diameter of about 58.3–65.4 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested the formation of carboxyl groups in the OC after oxidation reaction. The crystallinity and crystalline index decreased with an increase of reaction time. The decrease of crystallinity from oxidation process agreed with the decrease of degree of polymerization from the hydrolysis ofβ-1,4-glycosidic linkages in the cellulose structure. The thermal gravimetric analysis results revealed that the OC products were less thermally stable than the raw material of DNDC. In addition, the OC products showed blood agglutinating property by dropping blood on the sample along with excellent antibacterial activity.

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