scholarly journals PEMBUATAN Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) DARI PELEPAH NANAS (Ananas cosmosus Merr.)

KOVALEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Ripdayana Ripdayana ◽  
Ahmad Ridhay ◽  
Erwin Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Two Independent Variables

A research about production of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)  from pineapple midrib (Ananas cosmosus Merr.) has been conducted.  This research aims to determine the best cellulose ratio with sodium monochloro acetate and the best reaction time to the substitution  degree of carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midrib fibers.  This study used a Completely Randomized Design method with two independent variables,  i.e. variations in the weight of sodium monochloroacetate (2.5 grams, 3 grams, 3.5 grams, 4 grams, and 4.5 grams) and variations in reaction time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours , and 5 hours), each treatment was done  duplo using 20 treatment units. The result of the study showed that the best ratio of sodium monochloroacetate to cellulose which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 2.5: 2.5 with  substitution degree value of  1.93  and optimum reaction time which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 1 hour with substitution degree of 2.38. Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose, Pineapple midrib

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) pada Sintesis Karboksimetil Selulosa (CMC)

KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Erwin Abdul Rahim ◽  
Grace Sita Turumi ◽  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Jusman ◽  
Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum has been used as the main ingredient in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of CMC synthesis from the cellulose of Pennisetum purpureum is to obtain CMC compounds with the best degree of substitution (DS) value and the highest yield. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two independent variables, namely the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10%, 20%, and 30%) and reaction time (3 and 4 hours). The results showed that the CMC with the highest DS value (0.839) was obtained using 20% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 3 hours. The highest CMC yield was 30.15% which was obtained using 30% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 4 hours. Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, dan Fungsional Pati Ubi Banggai Asetat pada Berbagai Variasi Waktu Reaksi

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
If'all If'all ◽  
Asriani Hasanuddin ◽  
Abdul Rahim ◽  
Syahraeni Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The One

Banggai yam plant (endemic in Banggai Kepulauan Regency) is a potential raw material in production of modified starch. The one of techniques to increase the value of starch is modification of starch by acetylation method. This study objectives to determine the physical, chemical and functional characteristics of Banggai acetate yam starch at various reaction times. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with treatment time reaction (T), namely T1: 30 min, T2: 35 min, T3: 40 min, T4: 45 min, T5: 50 min, T6: 55 min. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of yam acetate starch, which includes percent acetyl, degree of substitution, water and oil holding capacity (WHC/OHC), flammability, solubility, moisture content, ash, fat, protein, starch and amylose starch. The results showed that the longer reaction time under certain conditions will increase the acetyl percent, degree of substitution, WHC, OHC, flareability, solubility but reduce levels of fat, water, ash, fat, protein, starch and amylose starch, yam acetate. In this study at the best reaction time is (50 min), gives the acetyl percent 8.658% and substitution degree of 0.356, the value of WHC, OHC, Swelling ratio and solubility of 32.21%, 30.21%, 1.98 g/g, and 19.17% respectively.

scholarly journals PERSEN DEGRADASI EKSTRAK ETANOL KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN THE PERCENTAGE OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF ROSELLE PETALS (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) DURING STORAGE

KOVALEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Firmasari Firmasari ◽  
Ni Ketut Sumarni ◽  
Ruslan ◽  
Hardi Ys
Keyword(s):  
Ph Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Tomato Sauce ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is more stable in low pH than in high pH. The research aims to monitor and determine the effect of ratio content in ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce and the pH effect on the percentage of ethanol extract degradation during storage. Two independent variables implemented in this study, are ratio content of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce and pH. Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce with ratio content 0,5:1; 1:1; and  1:0 (w/w) and adjusted to pH 2, pH 3, pH 4, pH 5 and pH 6, respectively were investigated. The absorbance measurement of Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce was depend on each treatment, then analyzed using completely randomized design. The percentage of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) degradation in tomato sauce decreased in ratio content 1:0 (w/w) at pH 2 with percentage content of degradation is 30.09%. Furthermore, after 10 days of storage, the highest percentage of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce degradation is 93.33% with ratio content is 0.5:1 at pH 6 and the lowest is 30.09% with ratio content 1:0 at pH 2. Keywords: Roselle petals, Ethanol Extract, Tomato Sauce, Percentage of Degradation

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) FROM PALM MIDRIB

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Devi Silsia ◽  
Zulman Efendi ◽  
Febri Timotius
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Three Stages

Midrib is one of the palm plantation  waste that has not been utilized optimally. The high cellulose content of palm midrib is potentially converted to carboxymethyl cellulose. This study aims to determine the characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose that produced from various concentrations of trichloroacetic acid and reaction times. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with two factors i.e tricloroacetic acid concentration (10%, 20% and 30%) and reaction time (3 hours and 4 hours). The synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose in this study consists of three stages i.e alkalization, carboxymethylation and purification. The carboxymethyl cellulose obtained was characterized include degree of subsitution (DS), pH, viscosity, water content, and purity. The results showed that the best carboxymethyl cellulose was obtained from the use of 20% tricloroacetic acid and 3 hours reaction time. The characterrization result include substitution degree value of 0.76, pH of 8.32, water content of 7.1%, with a  viscosity of 7.8 cP,   and purity of 92.62%. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Bahan Pemlastis terhadap Bioplastik Glukomanan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Aditya Nandika A.J ◽  
Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono ◽  
I Wayan Arnata
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Method Factor ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
Degradation Time

This research aims to determine the effect of plasticizer types and concentrations on the characteristics of glucomannan bioplastics, and to determine the types and concentrations of plasticizers that can produce glucomannan bioplastics with the best characteristics. This experimental design used a completely randomized design method. Factor I is a type of plasticizer consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, propanol-2, and polyethylene glycol. The second factor is the concentration of plasticizers which consists of 4 levels, namely 0.5%: 1.5%: 2.5%: 3.5%. The experiment resulted in 16 treatment combinations and grouped into 2 groups to obtain 32 experimental units. The data were analyzed for their diversity and continued with the Duncan multiple comparison test. The results showed that the type and concentration of plasticizers had a very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus young, and swelling. The interaction has a very significant effect on tensile strength and expansion and has a significant effect on the elasticity of glucomannan bioplastics. Meanwhile, the type and concentration of plasticizers had no significant effect on the length of biodegradation. The best glucomannan bioplastic was obtained in the treatment of glycerol plasticizers with a concentration of 1.5 % with a tensile strength value of 6.17 MPa, elongation at break of 21.50 %, elasticity 28.72 MPa development 25.84 %, and degradation time of 8 days. Bioplastics produced in this study have meet the SNI 7188.7:2016 standards in the elongation test at break and standards ASTM 5336 in the degradation time variables. The resulting bioplastic has not met SNI on the tensile strength, modulus young, and swelling variables. Keywords : bioplastic, glucomannan, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, propanol-2, sorbitol

scholarly journals SINTESIS O-KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN SUHU REAKSI SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

KOVALEN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Hardi ◽  
Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati ◽  
Ahmad Ridhay ◽  
Musdalifah Musdalifah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Primary Amine ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Ftir Spectrum ◽  
Bending Vibration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The research about the influence of NaOH concentrations and reaction temperature to O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMC) synthesis and it is antibacterial application was done. This research intent on detect NaOH concentration and reaction temperature that resulting of O-CMC with highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees, and also to find out FTIR spectrum and antibacterial activity of O-CMC. The produce of O-CMC was done by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the variation of NaOH concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, and also reaction temperature of 20, 30, and 40oC. The result was showed that on the NaOH concentration of 60% (w/v) and temperature of 30oC was resulted highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees of 41.5%, 31 g/L, and 0.67, respectively. FTIR spectrum was showed that bending vibration of primary amine (-NH2) give two bands for O-CMC. The broadest inhibition area of O-CMC (1.43 cm) was showed on Salmonella sp.Keywords: chitosan, O-CMC, substitution degree, antibacterial

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

PHARMACON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Grace Laury Tulung ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi ◽  
Jainer Pasca Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Decrease Blood Glucose ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) are known to contain flavonoid compound, and flavonoid are known to decrease blood glucose level by stimulating pancreas beta cells to produce insulin. The aim of this research is to find out wether the ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) has the antidiabetic effectiveness or not. This research used Completely Randomized Design method. There were 15 rats used in this research that were split into 5 groups that is negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Metformin), and ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf with the dosage of 5.4 mg;10.8 mg;21.6 mg. The acquired data were analyzed with ANOVA test and LSD test. The analysis result showed that ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf had antidiabetic effectiveness against male white rat. Keywords:  Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetic, Rattus norvegicus  ABSTRAK  Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) diketahui mengandung zat flavonoid, dimana flavonoid telah diketahui mempunyai kemampuan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan merangsang sel beta pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efekivitas antidiabetes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Tikus yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor dan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (aquadest), kontrol positif (metformin), dan ekstrak etanol daun pegagan dengan dosis 5,4 mg; 10,8 mg; 21,6 mg. Data yang ada dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD. Hasil analisis menujukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efektivitas antidiabetes terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetes, Rattus norvegicus

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN KOMPOS PADA TANAH BEKAS TAMBANG DENGAN INDIKATOR TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica chinensis L)

EUGENIA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theffie Lientje Karamoy ◽  
W. J.N. Kumolontang ◽  
J. Rondonuwu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT   This research aimed to determine the effects of compost applications on ex-mining lands by using chinese cabbage as indicator. The experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture greenhouse and the soil and compost analysis were done at the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory for a duration of two months. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design method with 5 treatments repeated 3 times to get 15 experimental units. The analysis on ex-mining soil revealed that it contained only trace amounts of soil nutrients N, P, and K. The laboratory analysis on the compost sample resulted in a C/N ratio of 11.87 which suggested that the compost was mature and ready to be used. The Analysis of Variance on research data showed that compost applications did not affect plant height between treatments at each weekly observation, and similarly did not affect leaf quantity and fresh weight at harvest time.  However, the research found that the compost applications tended to improve plant height, leaf quantity, and fresh weight of plants at harvest time.  The minimal effect of compost applications between treatments suggested that the plants did not utilized the nutrients supplied by the compost in their early stages of development.  Moreover, it was also suspected that the compost applications had not been sufficient in supplying the soil nutrients needed by the plants to ensure proper growth which ultimately affected the fresh weight of the plants at harvest time. Keywords: compost, ex-mining land

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS HIJAUAN YANG DITANAM PADA NAUNGAN POHON KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN TANAMAN CAMPURAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Kusuma Wijaya ◽  
Muhtarudin Muhtarudin ◽  
Liman Liman ◽  
Cloudia Antika ◽  
Dini Febriana
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dwarf Elephant Grass ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Plot Design

This research intended to determine the effect of palm oil tree shade and mixed planting on grass and leguminous on productivity.  This research has been done on March—June 2018 in Tanjung Agung Area, Katibung District, Kalianda, South Lampung. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with split plot design method.  The treatment was implemented in this research is (1) shading, consist of two levels, which are N0 (without shade) and N1 (palm oil tree shade) and (2) mixed plant species, consist of two variations; which is A1 (elephant grass and purple bush bean) and A2 (dwarf elephant grass and purple bush bean).  The data which obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance on 5% significant level, then if the result significantly difference, it were analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).  The results showed that palm oil shading has not significant effect on grass productivity. there is an interaction between the type of grass and oil palm shade on the number of elephant grass and odot grass tillers. The dry matter of grass on mixed planting on land without shade was significantly different with dry matter of grass on mixed planting in palm oil shade.  However, it has tendency to increase organic matter of grasss on palm oil shade. Keywords: Palm Oil Shade, Elephant Grass, Dwarf Elephant Grass, Mixing Grass, Productivity

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suhu Penyimpanan Terhadap Kerusakan Spora Myxobolus koi [The Effect of Storage Temperature in Myxobolus koi Spore Damage]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Gunanti Mahasri ◽  
Titom Gusmana Putra Perdana ◽  
Kusnoto Kusnoto
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstrakSpora Myxobolus koi dapat mengalami kerusakan apabila disimpan dalam kondisi penyimpanan yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu penyimpanan terhadap kerusakan spora Myxobolus koi serta untuk mengetahui suhu optimum untuk penyimpanannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sebagai rancangan percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah penyimpanan spora Myxobolus koi pada suhu kamar (28-34) oC, Refrigerator (2-4) oC, dan Freezer (-5 hingga -10) oC, dengan ulangan sebanyak 6 kali. Penyimpanan ini dilakukan selama 30 hari. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah prosentase spora Myxobolus koi yang rusak. Parameter penunjang yang diamati adalah tipe kerusakan spora Myxobolus koi. Analisis data menggunakan ANAVA (Analisis Varian) dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan untuk mengetahui suhu optimum untuk penyimpanan spora Myxobolus koi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa peyimpanan pada suhu yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap prosentase kerusakan spora Myxobolus koi. Kerusakan spora Myxobolus koi tertinggi terjadi pada suhu kamar (28-34) oC mencapai angka 68,91% dan nilai kerusakan terrendah terjadi pada refrigerator (2-4) oC yaitu 29,91%. Spora Myxobolus koi dapat disimpan pada refrigerator dan lemari pembeku. AbstractMyxobolus koi spores can be damaged if stored in poor conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage temperature on Myxobolus koi spores and to determine the optimum temperature for storage. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design method (CRD) as an experimental design. The treatments used were storaged Myxobolus koi spores at room temperature (28-34oC), Refrigerator (2-4oC), and Freezers (-5 to -10oC), with replications 6 times. This storage was carried out for 30 days. The main parameter observed was the percentage of damaged Myxobolus koi spores. The supporting parameters observed were the type of Myxobolus koi spore damage. Data analysis using ANAVA (Analysis of Variance) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Distance Test to find out the optimum temperature for storage of Myxobolus koi spores. Based on the results of the study, it was found that storage at different temperatures affected the percentage of damage to Myxobolus koi spores. The highest damage of Myxobolus koi spores occurred at room temperature (28-34oC) reaching 68.91% and the lowest damage value occurred at refrigerator (2-4oC) which was 29.91%. Myxobolus koi spores can be stored in a refrigerator and freezer

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