Yields Losses Caused by Basal Plate Rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) in Some Shallot Varieties

Basal plate rot or moler caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOCe) is the most important disease of shallot. However, the information of crop losses attributed to the pathogen is still limited, especially related to resistance of shallot. This paper discusses the correlation between disease severity and resistance of some shallot varieties to yield losses. The experiment was arranged by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six varieties of shallot as treatments, each of which consisted of 20 shallots, with three times of replications. The independent variables were the disease severity of twisting leaf and rotting of shallot bulb. The association of disease severity versus yield losses in different varieties was based on the correlation analysis. The results showed that both variables were positively correlated to yield losses, which were significantly affected by the level of resistance. Yield losses in resistant and moderate varieties were at the ranges of 2.13-4.38 and 15, 27.26-40.04, respectively.

Download Full-text

Tingkat Ketahanan 70 aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kenaf terhadap Fusarium oxysporum Schletch; Assessment of Kenaf Germplasm Against Fusarium oxysporum Schletch

Buletin Tanaman Tembakau Serat & Minyak Industri ◽

10.21082/btsm.v8n2.2016.65-73 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Supriyono Supriyono ◽

Titiek Yulianti

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Spore Suspension ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Resistant Accession ◽

New Varieties ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Screen House ◽

Important Disease ◽

Research Institute

Salah satu penyakit penting yang sangat merugikan tanaman kenaf adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi tingkat ketahanan aksesi kenaf terhadap jamur Fusarium oxysporum. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap) yang diulang tiga kali. Dalam evaluasi ini digunakan 70 aksesi dan 1 aksesi tahan (BG-52-135) yang digunakan sebagai kontrol. Inokulasi dilakukan pada 7 hari setelah tanam (HST) menggunakan suspensi spora dengan kerapatan105/ml sebanyak 100 ml setiap bak. Pengamatan intensitas serangan dilakukan mulai 10–40 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI) dengan interval pengamatan lima hari. Pengamatan persentase diskolorisasi batang dilakukan sekali pada 50 HSI. Hasil pengujian memperoleh 1 aksesi (FJ/017) sangat tahan dengan intensitas serangan terrendah (0,83%) dan 14 aksesi tahan dengan intensitas serangan <10%, 28 aksesi dengan ketahanan moderat, dan 27 aksesi yang rentan terhadap infeksi F. oxysporum. Aksesisi FJ/017 (aksesi yang sangat tahan) dan 14 aksesi yang tahan: 1064(SUC/012), 1061(SRB/082), 1035(FJ/005), 839(PARC/2709), 955(FJ/003), 842(PARC/2712), 1095(SUC/003), 838(PARC/2708), 957(FJ/ 007), 1065(SUC/023), 1042(CHN/056), 145(BL/118), 1036(FJ/006), dan 778(PARC/2466) dapat digunakan sebagai sumber ketahanan pada perakitan varietas baru. One of the important disease that very detrimental to kenaf is Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of 70 kenaf germplasms accessions against F. oxysporum. The study was conducted at the Phytopatology Laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang using completely randomized design with three replicates. Seventy accessions and one resistant accession as control (1267 (BG-52-135) were used in this study. Inoculation of Fusarium was done 7 days after sowing (das) by sprinkling 100 ml of spore suspension into the soil. Observation of disease intensity started at 10–40 days after inoculation (dai) and repeated every five days. Percentage of stalk discolorization was estimated at 50 dai. The results showed that accession 1040 (FJ/017) had the lowest disease intensity (0.83%), hence was categorized as a highly resitant accession. Fourteen accessions were categorized as resistant with disease intensity below or equal to 10%; 28 accessions were moderate resistant; and 27 accessions were susceptible. FJ/017 (the highset resistant accession) and 14 resis-tant accessions (1064(SUC/012), 1061(SRB/082), 1035(FJ/005), 839(PARC/2709), 955(FJ/003), 842(PARC/ 2712), 1095(SUC/003), 838PARC/2708), 957(FJ/007), 1065(SUC/023), 1042(CHN/056), 145(BL/118), 1036 (FJ/006), dan 778(PARC/2466)) could be used as resistant genetic sources in developing new varieties.

Download Full-text

Short Communication: Biological control of Fusarium wilt on banana plants using biofertilizers

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Arief Widyantoro ◽

HADIWIYONO ◽

SUBAGIYA

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Short Communication ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

In Planta ◽

Carrier Material ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Important Disease

Abstract. Widyantoro A, Hadiwiyono, Subagiya. 2020. Biological control of Fusarium wilt on banana plants using biofertilizers. Biodiversitas 21: 2119-2123. Fusarium wilt is an important disease of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). The FOC is a weak parasite that attacks many bananas whose conditions are weak such as nutrients. Therefore, controlling Fusarium wilt through fertilization is important so that bananas are not nutrient deficient which can cause plants to be susceptible to FOC. The research aimed to study the effect of biofertilizer applications on FOC suppression in planta. Seven treatments were tested on banana seedlings cv. Ambon Kuning under a completely randomized design: (i) no biofertilizer, (ii) carrier material of biofertilizer, (iii) comparative biofertilizer product, (iv) Azotobacter, (v) Azospirillum, (vi) Streptomyces and (vii) Bacillus. The present study showed that biofertilizer agents were antagonistic to Fusarium wilt. The results showed that biofertilizer agents had the potential to suppress the Fusarium wilt in planta. Streptomyces and Bacillus were the most effective in controlling the Fusarium wilt. Azotobacter and Azospirillum had not been able to prevent the incidence of wilt disease.

Download Full-text

Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) pada Sintesis Karboksimetil Selulosa (CMC)

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 146-153

Author(s):

Erwin Abdul Rahim ◽

Grace Sita Turumi ◽

Syaiful Bahri ◽

Jusman ◽

Syamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Trichloroacetic Acid ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Main Ingredient ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Substitution Degree ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Two Independent Variables

Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum has been used as the main ingredient in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of CMC synthesis from the cellulose of Pennisetum purpureum is to obtain CMC compounds with the best degree of substitution (DS) value and the highest yield. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two independent variables, namely the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10%, 20%, and 30%) and reaction time (3 and 4 hours). The results showed that the CMC with the highest DS value (0.839) was obtained using 20% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 3 hours. The highest CMC yield was 30.15% which was obtained using 30% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 4 hours. Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.

Download Full-text

Action of Trichodermil 1306 in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato crops

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000472019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

Author(s):

Isis Bruna Portolan ◽

Silmara Rodrigues Pietrobelli ◽

Gabriela Silva Moura ◽

Aline Pomari Fernandes ◽

Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lower Root ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is one of the most important diseases of tomato crop in Brazil. Several alternatives to fungicides have been evaluated in search for products that control this disease and have low environmental impact and toxicity to living beings. In this context, the use of Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to agrochemicals, since they are bioregulators and antagonists of several phytopathogens. This work aimed to evaluate the antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of the Trichodermil 1306 biofungicide against F. oxysporum, and its action in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato seeds and seedlings. The biofungicide was used at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the dose recommended for application of 20 L with a backpack sprayer. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The 100% Trichodermil concentration was the most efficient for treating tomato seeds. Although this concentration did not show differences in relation to the lowest dose used (50%) in the tomato seed antagonism, mycoparasitism and F. oxysporum incidence tests were recommended because that the lowest concentration resulted in 18% lower root protrusion than that observed with 100% dosage. The in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitory action of this biological fungicide indicates its potential in the control of fusarium wilt in tomato crops.

Download Full-text

Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tomat yang Diinokulasi FMA dalam Pengendalian Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici)

Cassowary ◽

10.30862/casssowary.cs.v1.i2.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 133-139

Author(s):

Cahterine Pentury ◽

Antonius Suparno ◽

Eko Martanto

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Research Design ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Average Intensity ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Root Diseases ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Control Root ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The Wilt in tomato plants is caused by Fusarium oxysporum sp. Lycopersici. Fusarium oxysporum is soil borne which causes considerable losses. FMA as a biological agent provides an alternative opportunity to control root diseases such as fusarium. The purpose of this study was to study the treatment of FMA inoculation which is appropriate while controlling the damage of tomato plants caused by fusarium. The research design used was the experimental method in Completely Randomized Design. The results showed that the treatment of mycorrhizae inoculated one week before planting and continued with fusarium inoculation at the time of planting showed good results in inducing the resistance of tomato plants to fusarium disease. This is evidenced by root colonization in tomato plants by 53% and the average intensity of attacks by 3.14%. The mycorrhizal treatment inoculated one week before planting and followed by fusarium inoculation at planting also showed good results in increasing the growth of tomato plants compared to other treatments applied by mycorrhiza.

Download Full-text

Effect of Ascochyta blight on the grain yield of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in southern Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9950531 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 531 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

TW Bretag ◽

PJ Keane ◽

TV Price

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Ascochyta Blight ◽

Crop Loss ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Crop Losses ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Percentage Yield ◽

Loss Models

Field experiments were conducted to determine the crop losses caused by ascochyta blight in different pea varieties grown in Victoria. For each variety, the reduction in yield associated with disease was determined by comparing grain yields in plots not sprayed with fungicide (disease present) and plots where the disease was controlled with fungicide sprays (no disease). There was considerable variation between pea varieties and lines in disease severity and crop losses. Individual varieties had different levels of tolerance to disease, and there were large differences between varieties in the percentage yield loss caused by the same level of disease. Disease severity was closely correlated with reductions in grain yield, and for most varieties there was a 5-6% reduction in grain yield for every 10% of stem area affected by disease (first 10 internodes on the main branch). Ascochyta blight caused substantial reductions in grain yield of all commercial pea varieties grown in Victoria but was usually most severe on the early-maturing varieties. For 15 varieties, empirical crop loss models to predict the relationship between disease severity and reduction in yield were developed. A disease survey of commercial crops was then conducted and estimates made of yield losses caused by ascochyta blight using the previously developed crop loss models. The estimated yield losses caused by ascochyta blight in commercial crops in Victoria in 1986 ranged from 3.1 to 26.4% and exceeded 15% in over three-quarters of crops surveyed. The results suggest that field pea production in Victoria is seriously retarded by ascochyta blight and that the development of effective strategies to control the disease should be given a high priority.

Download Full-text

Potensi Jamur Perakaran sebagai Agens Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Moler (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Cepae) pada Bawang Merah

Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi ◽

10.20961/agsjpa.v17i1.18656 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Andhika Wahyu Nugroho ◽

Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono ◽

Sudadi Sudadi

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Test ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Screen House

Desease that often occurs on the shallot is moler caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOCe). This research was conducted to studied the potential of root-colonizing fungi to suppres moler disease on shallot. The researchs were divided into two steps that were laboratory test and screen house test used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments in screen house test were the combination of four fungi that had best capability to inhibit growth of FOCe. Each treatment was repeated three times. The result showed that root-colonizing fungi could reduce the moler disease but haven’t affect significantly growth component of shallot. Lowest disease intensity was 20% on the combination of AJ01, AJ12, AJ17, AJ18. Root-colonizing fungi have potention to decrease Moler disease.

Download Full-text

Uji Patogenesitas Oospora Peronospora manshurica Asal Kedelai Impor pada Tiga Kultivar Kedelai

Jurnal Media Pertanian ◽

10.33087/jagro.v6i1.112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ani Ardiana Susanti ◽

Marlina Marlina ◽

Husda Marwan ◽

Mapegau Mapegau

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Class I ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Soybean Plants

Downy mildew in soybean plants is caused by the fungus Peronosporamanshurica. This fungus is an obligate parasite and its existence in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the pathogenicity of the fungus P. manshurica carried on imported seeds of soybeans from Malaysia. The Oospora from imported soybean seeds from the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center was tested for its pathogenicity on soybean cultivars Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis in the greenhouses of the Jambi Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center. This test used a completely randomized design (CRD), using 4 treatments; 3 superior soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis),and 1 imported soybean cultivar. Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units and each experimental unit consisted of 5 plants so that the total number was 120 plants. The results showed that the pathogenicity of the Oospore ofP.manshurica from imported soybean seeds still caused downy disease in the three soybean cultivars tested. There was no difference in the incubation period of downy mildew caused by the Oospora ofP.manshurica on Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis cultivars, which were 5.5, 8.0, and 7.0 days after inoculation, respectively. The highest disease severity was found in the Anjasmoro cultivar (8.91%) and the lowest was in the Wilis cultivar (2.66%), but it was not different from the disease severity in the Grobagan cultivar (4.28%).

Download Full-text

PERSEN DEGRADASI EKSTRAK ETANOL KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN THE PERCENTAGE OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF ROSELLE PETALS (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) DURING STORAGE

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.9970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

Firmasari Firmasari ◽

Ni Ketut Sumarni ◽

Ruslan ◽

Hardi Ys

Keyword(s):

Ph Effect ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Low Ph ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Tomato Sauce ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Two Independent Variables

Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is more stable in low pH than in high pH. The research aims to monitor and determine the effect of ratio content in ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce and the pH effect on the percentage of ethanol extract degradation during storage. Two independent variables implemented in this study, are ratio content of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce and pH. Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce with ratio content 0,5:1; 1:1; and 1:0 (w/w) and adjusted to pH 2, pH 3, pH 4, pH 5 and pH 6, respectively were investigated. The absorbance measurement of Ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce was depend on each treatment, then analyzed using completely randomized design. The percentage of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) degradation in tomato sauce decreased in ratio content 1:0 (w/w) at pH 2 with percentage content of degradation is 30.09%. Furthermore, after 10 days of storage, the highest percentage of ethanol extract of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in tomato sauce degradation is 93.33% with ratio content is 0.5:1 at pH 6 and the lowest is 30.09% with ratio content 1:0 at pH 2. Keywords: Roselle petals, Ethanol Extract, Tomato Sauce, Percentage of Degradation

Download Full-text

PENGARUH INOKULASI MIKORIZA VESIKULA ARBUSKULA (MVA) CAMPURAN TERHADAP KEMUNCULAN PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum)

Scripta Biologica ◽

10.20884/1.sb.2017.4.1.382 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Uswatun Hasanah ◽

Purnomowati Purnomowati ◽

Uki Dwiputranto

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Main Parameter ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Alternative Control ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Tomato has an important role to fullfil the nutrition of society. The most important problem in the cultivation of tomatoes is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum it will attacking the plants from nursery to adult. One of the alternative control is use the Vesicles Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM). The success of VAM infection in plants is determined by the dose and the inoculation. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of dose and mixture VAM inoculation to against the emergence of fusarium wilt in tomato plants and to determine the dosage mixture VAM inoculation as the most effective way for controlling fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The method of this research used experimental with completely randomized design. The experimental treatment consists of two types of treatment that are combined with used 5 doses of VAM mixture (0 g/plant, 10 g/plant, 12,5 g/plant, 15 g/plant, 17,5 g/plant) and used two ways of inoculation ( inoculation when the seed is planted and inoculation when transplanting the seeds). Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each test are three plants. The parameters was observed the incubation period of the disease and the intensity of fusarium wilt as the main parameter and the measurement of pH, temperature, humidity room, and the degree of infection as supporting parameters. The results of this research showed that the dosage and inoculation of VAM mixture is not able to reduce the emergence of fusarium wilt on tomatoes, but it was able to extend the incubation period of fusarium wilt on tomato plants a dose with 10 g /plant inoculated plants when the seeds are planted and inoculation when transplanting the seeds.

Download Full-text