scholarly journals Editorial: Corporate board structure, strategy and performance in uncertain times

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Igbekele Sunday Osinubi
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Corporate managers make choices that seek to improve the performance of their organisation. These decisions involve interpreting and framing the environment, developing and implementing programmes and services, and creating processes and structures to monitor and control resources for optimal impact (Brown & Iverson, 2004). Board performs a critical function to monitor environmental trends that might affect organisational performance. The strategy adopted by the corporate board will have a considerable impact on their performance. The literature also suggests that the composition of the board will be contingent upon the characteristics of the firm’s external environment, the demands of its strategy and the salient contextual factors and the past financial performance of the company (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978). These issues are addressed in the collection of high-quality papers in this issue of Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition.

The Past and Future of Motor Learning and Control: What Is the Proper Level of Description and Analysis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard N. Zelaznik
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Motor Learning And Control ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Over the past 40 years the research area of motor learning and control has developed into a field closely aligned with information processing in neuroscience. The basic, implicit assumption is that motor learning and control is the domain of the brain. Several crucial studies and developments from the past and the present are presented and discussed that highlight this position. The future of following that current path is discussed. Then, the case is made that the control of movement is not just a brain process, and thus scientists in kinesiology need to study movement behavior at a coarser level of analysis. Motor control in kinesiology should use the Newell framework and thus should examine the nature of individual attributes, environmental information, and task constraints on learning and performance of motor skills.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Extent of Internationalization and Firm Performance (Taiwan 1992–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Shih-Yung Wei ◽  
Li-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Average Operating ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to discuss the impact of the extent of internationalization on firm performance measured for firms with a high Tobin’s Q (firms with good operating performance), a median Tobin’s Q (firms with average operating performance), and a low Tobin’s Q (firms with poor operating performance). In addition to discussion on the impact of internationalization on firm performance, this study also discussed the impact of corporate proprietary assets (using assets, R&D, marketing, and management-related variables as moderating variables) and control variables (scale of company, debt-asset ratio, firm age, board structure, and proportion of pledged shares by directors) on firm performance. The research results showed that there is an S-shaped relationship between extent of internationalization and firm performance. However, further discussion found that there is an S-shaped relationship between extent of internationalization and performance for firms with a high Tobin’s Q but a slight decline in the middle of the S-shaped curve, as well as a general linear negative correlation between extent of internationalization and performance for firms with a median Tobin’s Q and an inverted U-shaped correlation between extent of internationalization and performance for firms with a low Tobin’s Q.

scholarly journals Corporate governance, control type, and performance: the New Zealand story

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
Dar-Hsin Chen ◽  
Ping He
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

This study investigates the ownership structure of New Zealand non-financial companies in terms of both ownership and management control and examines the effect of ownership structure on corporate governance and firms’ performance. The Berle and Mean’s hypothesis of separation of ownership and control does not find support in New Zealand. Further analysis tests the proposition that the diffusion of corporate ownership has allowed corporate managers to pursue goals other than profit maximization. The findings do provide evidence of a non-monotonic relation between managerial shareholdings and firm performance. This result indicates the complex nature of the relationship between ownership structure and firm value.

scholarly journals Board structure and performance in Ethiopian microfinance institutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Letenah Ejigu Wale
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Board Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
And Performance

This research investigated the effect of one governance dimension, board structure on the sustainability and outreach performance of Ethiopian MFIs. A panel data of 13 MFIs for 6 years (2003-2008) is used for the study. No study of such type is conducted in the past for the Ethiopian environment. The results indicate an experienced manager, a larger board size and educated board members all help to increase sustainability with board education having the largest effect. Manager experience and board size also have a negative effect on depth of outreach (i.e. less lending to women). Board independence has no visible effect on either sustainability or outreach. Surprisingly, no governance variable explains breath of outreach.

scholarly journals Minimize Project Risk and Costs: A New Approach to Project Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Alfredo Rivera ◽  
Dean Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Deductive Logic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Traditional project management (PM) results have been poor. The practices of direction and control have been identified by deductive logic as problematic. Deductive logic identifies that, if a manager directs and controls, their risk goes up and performance will go down. A new approach to PM is the replacement of technical expertise with the identification and utilization of expertise. New components of this approach are the minimization of the need to think and make decisions, the use of the language of metrics, a new definition of risk, and the use of preplanning that includes the utilization of expertise and focusing on the mitigation of risk that the expert does not control. This approach has been tested by the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction Working Commission (CIB W117, formerly known as the Performance Based Studies Research Group at Arizona State University) for the past 25 years increasing customer satisfaction to 98% and minimizing cost by 5 to 30%. These practices are a part of the “PM of the Future.”

The role of copper ions in hydrogen peroxide bleaching: Their origin, removal, and effect on pulp quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO E.G. LOUREIRO ◽  
SANDRINE DUARTE ◽  
DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN ◽  
M. GRAÇA V.S. CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

This study puts particular emphasis on the role of copper ions in the performance of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (P-stage). Owing to their variable levels across the bleaching line due to washing filtrates, bleaching reagents, and equipment corrosion, these ions can play a major role in hydrogen peroxide decomposition and be detrimental to polysaccharide integrity. In this study, a Cu-contaminated D0(EOP)D1 prebleached pulp was subjected to an acidic washing (A-stage) or chelation (Q-stage) before the alkaline P-stage. The objective was to understand the isolated and combined role of copper ions in peroxide bleaching performance. By applying an experimental design, it was possible to identify the main effects of the pretreatment variables on the extent of metals removal and performance of the P-stage. The acid treatment was unsuccessful in terms of complete copper removal, magnesium preservation, and control of hydrogen peroxide consumption in the following P-stage. Increasing reaction temperature and time of the acidic A-stage improved the brightness stability of the D0(EOP)D1AP bleached pulp. The optimum conditions for chelation pretreatment to maximize the brightness gains obtained in the subsequent P-stage with the lowest peroxide consumption were 0.4% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 80ºC, and 4.5 pH.

On-Surface Radical Oligomerisation: A New Approach to STM Tip-Induced Reactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaolei Zhan ◽  
Younes Makoudi ◽  
Judicael Jeannoutot ◽  
Simon Lamare ◽  
Michel Féron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling Microscope ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Nanostructures ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Surface Fabrication ◽  
And Control

Over the past decade, on-surface fabrication of organic nanostructures has been widely investigated for the development of molecular electronic devices, nanomachines, and new materials. Here, we introduce a new strategy to obtain alkyl oligomers in a controlled manner using on-surface radical oligomerisations that are triggered by the electrons/holes between the sample surface and the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. The resulting radical-mediated mechanism is substantiated by a detailed theoretical study. This electron transfer event only occurs when <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> < -3 V or <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> > + 3 V and allows access to reactive radical species under exceptionally mild conditions. This transfer can effectively ‘switch on’ a sequence leading to formation of oligomers of defined size distribution due to the on-surface confinement of reactive species. Our approach enables new ways to initiate and control radical oligomerisations with tunnelling electrons, leading to molecularly precise nanofabrication.

Progress and Prospects in Translating Nanobiotechnology in Medical Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Batool ◽  
Farid Menaa ◽  
Bushra Uzair ◽  
Barkat Ali Khan ◽  
Bouzid Menaa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
And Performance

: The pace at which nanotheranostic technology for human disease is evolving has accelerated exponentially over the past five years. Nanotechnology is committed to utilizing the intrinsic properties of materials and structures at submicroscopic-scale measures. Indeed, there is generally a profound influence of reducing physical dimensions of particulates and devices on their physico-chemical characteristics, biological properties, and performance. The exploration of nature’s components to work effectively as nanoscaffolds or nanodevices represents a tremendous and growing interest in medicine for various applications (e.g., biosensing, tunable control and targeted drug release, tissue engineering). Several nanotheranostic approaches (i.e., diagnostic plus therapeutic using nanoscale) conferring unique features are constantly progressing and overcoming all the limitations of conventional medicines including specificity, efficacy, solubility, sensitivity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, stability, interactions at subcellular levels. : This review introduces two major aspects of nanotechnology as an innovative and challenging theranostic strategy or solution: (i) the most intriguing (bare and functionalized) nanomaterials with their respective advantages and drawbacks; (ii) the current and promising multifunctional “smart” nanodevices.

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