scholarly journals The representation and tenure of female principals in public enterprises in emerging markets: A protracted dearth?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Ralph Marenga
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Female Principals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
Implementation Gaps

The reduced representation and tenure of women as public enterprise (PE) principals in Namibia as an emerging market and developing country are concerning (Mboti, 2014; Menges, 2020). The contributing factors are an element literature fails to address explicitly in the Namibian case. This paper, therefore, aims to consolidate evidence on whether the underrepresentation and limited tenures of female principals in Namibian PEs signal a protracted dearth of women in such positions. Methodically, a desk review is used to analyse the literature. Key findings of this paper identify the absence of top-down hands-on leadership; legal and policy implementation gaps; failure to declare gender diversity as imperative in the public sector; failure to focus on helping women gain broad line experience early on, among others, as contributing factors that have disadvantaged female principals in Namibian PEs. The challenges women face in being appointed or completing their tenure as PE principals over the years signal a protracted dearth of women in positions of PE principals in Namibia. Understanding these dynamics is relevant for enhancing Namibia’s policy efforts to curb the further proliferation of patriarchy as nuanced in the glass ceiling. This paper recommends the robust implementation of existing anti-patriarchy legislation.

scholarly journals Feminization of Boards and Cameroonian Public Enterprise Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Désirée Ngomesse Njiké ◽  
Robert Wanda
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

<p>If in the past few years, many authors seek to characterize the boards of directors in connection with performance proposing classifications based on sociodemographic characteristics of administrators, particularly in terms of  gender diversity, the results of previous studies show that connection between the feminization of the boards of directors and the performance of the company is not consensual. We then try to test the impact of the feminization of the boards of directors on the performance of the Cameroonian public enterprises.</p>We have formulated a probabilistic model which is tested from a logistic regression based on data from a sample size of 26 public companies in Cameroon over a period of 4 years (2009-2012). Our results demonstrate that Cameroon public enterprise performance cannot be attributed to the gender diversification resulting from their presence at the level of management.

An Analysis of the Provision of Local Public Utility Services by Way of Illustration of Two Slovenian Municipalities

10.4335/82 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Božo Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Utility Services

Among the tasks performed by the Slovenian municipalities to meet the needs of individual residents there is also the provision of local public services. A municipality provides the performance of the public services determined by the municipality itself, and the performance of the public services established by law (local public services). The legal foundations for the regulation and operation of public utility services are given primarily in the Local Self-Government Act and in the Public Utilities Act, as well as in sector-specific laws for individual services. The overview of public utility services and the modes of their performance in two urban municipalities indicate that in Slovenian municipalities, public utility services are performed primarily in two ways: in public enterprises and by awarding a public service concession. KEYWORDS: • local public services • public service delivery • municipality • concession • public enterprise • Slovenia

scholarly journals Closure of Central Public Sector Enterprises in India: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Rajan Katoch
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Will

Changing objective circumstances over time often warrant the closure of public sector enterprises that may have originally been established due to compelling public purposes. Many public enterprises lose their relevance and public purpose, become chronically loss making and are a recurring drain on public resources. Yet it has been found to be extremely difficult to actually close down any such enterprise due to a host of institutional constraints unique to the public sector. Closing down a public enterprise is difficult but not impossible, given the will and sincere execution. It has been done in India. While the practicalities have to be worked out, closure of any entity needs to be implemented sensitively given the human dimensions involved. This paper brings out a case study of the experience in implementing the closure of five public sector enterprises in India during the period 2014-16.

scholarly journals The Profitability of Public Enterprises in Pakistan

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 147-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
Profitability Ratios

The importance of the profitability of public enterprise for capital expansion and development has been highlighted in various studies, e.g. in (2], [4] and (5). In Pakistan the increasing role of the public sector in resource mobilization points to the need for analysing public enterprise profitability because of its immense importance for capital financing and growth. This paper analyses the profitability of public enterprises in Pakistan using a Ratio analysis methodology which chooses performance indicators on the basis of their sensitivity to the operational health of the enterprises. The profitability ratios discussed here have been derived from the public-enterprise balance-sheets [9] and constitute the choice-set from which four ratios have been selected on the basis of their predictive power. (See [I], [3], [8] and [10].) In this way, the arbitrariness involved in the choice of the appropriate ratios for analysing enterprise profitability is overcome, even though profitability measurement may still be distorted to such an extent that effective prices diverge from opportunity costs. This makes the task of performance evaluation difficult as such an exercise has to take into account the implications of market distortions. The usefulness of profitability as an indicator of relative inter-firm performance is therefore limited by the fact that prices are administered with reference to products and are not tied to firm experience. But, owing to the lack of data on the required variables, the effect of market distortions on profitability is difficult to analyse.

scholarly journals Distributional Impact of Public Enterprise Labour Policies in Pakistan

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1399-1414
Author(s):  
Zareen Fatima Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Model Section ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Domain ◽  
The Impact

Employment generation has been one of the goals of creating or maintaining government -owned enterprises in the past. In fulfilling this role public enterprises often played the role of the model employer see Lakshman (1984). In the current policy atmosphere both domestically and internationally, there is a trend to limit the size of government intervention in the economy. In Pakistan the privatisation of industrial units and the planned divestiture of infrastructural units like Water and Power Development Authority (W APDA), Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESe) and Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTe) is changing the mix of public-private domain in economic activity. What would be the impact of labour retrenchment in the former public enterprises? Estimates show that there has been a 42 percent reduction in employment in the recently privatised units [Naqvi (1994»). If the government reduces the public sector workforce and cuts back the liberal remuneration package to public employees, which groups would benefit from such a move? These questions have been analysed in the context of a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Section 2 describes the model. This is followed by a brief discussion of the data. Model simulation results are discussed in Section 4 and the conclusions are presented in Section 5. The Appendix contains the equations referred to in the text.

Performance Evaluation of Public Enterprise in Pakistan: Experiment in Social Accounting System

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 179-203
Author(s):  
Istaqbal Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services

The specific requirements of the performance evaluation system for public enterprises emanate from the peculiar characteristics of those institutions. The concept of public enterprise implicitly assumes the existence of two dimensions - the enterprise dimension and the public dimension. The enterprise dimension involves the setting up of a recognizable organization engaged in the production of goods and services, marketed at a price, and whose transactions are formulated through a system of commercial accounts such as balance sheets and profit-and-loss accounts_ The public dimension, on the other hand, involves public ownership, public management, and control, and assumes the existence of public purposes and the fulfillment of public interest [9. p. 39].

scholarly journals Public sector undertakings: Bharat’s other Ratnas

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Chhibber ◽  
Swati Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Performance Contracts ◽  
Better Than

Purpose While national public policies such as performance contracts and disinvestment affect the dynamics of large- and medium-scale state-owned enterprises in emerging market economies, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of India’s public sector undertakings (PSUs) and suggest options to improve their outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Using firm-level data on India’s 235 PSUs with total assets of around $500 billion over the past two and half decades (1990-2015), the study empirically tests the effect of performance contracts, measured by memorandum of understanding (MOU) and disinvestment, measured by private equity share, on PSUs performance indicator such as return on capital (ROC). Data were collected from the Public Enterprises Survey Reports released by the Department of Public Enterprises under India’s Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Department of Disinvestment, Bombay Stock Exchange and Capitaline database. By controlling firm-, industry- and macro-level factors in regression models, the results were presented in several aspects like service sector, non-service sector and individual and joint effects. Findings Empirical estimations indicate that performance contracts such as MOUs have had a positive impact on PSU performance by increasing their ROC by 8-9 percent. This result holds more strongly for the non-service sector (manufacturing, mining) but less so for service sector firms. In the case of service sector firms, partial privatization (share sales) has a significant impact on performance, making them ideal candidates for more aggressive disinvestment. Larger PSUs (Maharatnas) appear to perform better than smaller PSUs and even better than private firms of similar size. Smaller PSUs (Navratnas and Miniratnas) perform worse than private companies and should be good candidates for strategic disinvestment (privatization). PSUs that do not have Ratna status – and are loss makers – should be disposed of their asset value. Practical implications The study recommends that India should change the public sector balance sheet by raising capital through strategic disinvestment (privatization), disinvestment and liquidation of PSUs and re-investing it, in public infrastructure through the National Infrastructure Investment Fund and not into the budget as a revenue-raising measure. It should also transform Maharatnas into world class companies with greater commercialization. Originality/value The paper makes significant contributions to the academic literature on the changing dynamics of state-owned enterprises in emerging economies by examining the effect of performance contracts and disinvestment on India’s PSUs performance. It is one of unique longitudinal-empirical studies on India’s PSU performance in several dimensions.

Public Enterprise Sector and Development: Lessons from International Experience

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
V V Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Interest Payment ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Capital

Improving the performance of the public enterprise sector is critical for continued development, since it already accounts for a large share in domestic capital formation, industrial investment, and output in most developing countries. Unlike in the past, net resource inflows into less developed countries will cease, if not reverse, because of interest payment and debt repayments. International experience shows that for public enterprises to perform as effective and efficient instruments of development certain preconditions have to be fulfilled. Dr Bhatt describes in this “Perspectives” piece what these are and what decision-making and learning mechanisms have to be institutionalized in the political and administrative apparatus to meet the challenge of continued development in the difficult environment ahead.

The Evolution of Privatization in Turkey: The Institutional Context of Public-Enterprise Reform

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Üniş
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Enterprise Reform ◽  
The Public

In the 1980s public policy shifted sharply in favor of market-based solutions, in contrast to the previously dominant “Keynesian” approach to economic management. A number of countries, irrespective of their regimes or stages of development, are currently implementing programs designed to reduce the size and scope of the public sector and strengthen the market. The privatization of public enterprises constitutes a key element in such a strategy.1 Yet hitherto, the extent of privatization—the number of enterprises involved as well as the scale of divestiture—has been extremely limited, especially considering the amount of rhetoric the idea has generated. In addition, the vigor with which privatization policies have been pursued also shows considerable variation among countries. These “stylized facts” of privatization clearly merit an explanation.2 Here I will look for that explanation by using the Turkish experience with privatization between 1980 and 1989 as a case study.

Public Enterprise and the Politics of `Commercialism': Changing Industrial Relations in British and Spanish Railways

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ferner
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Bargaining ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Changing Patterns

This article makes use of case studies of British and Spanish railways to examine changing patterns of industrial relations in the public enterprise sector. It looks at how political objectives are characteristically `transmitted' from the state to the public enterprise. Transmission mechanisms include formal rules and direct intervention, as well as political bargaining and `exchange' involving political authorities, enterprise management and, at times, the unions. A typical feature is the pressure towards symbolic courses of action. The article argues that this process influences the way in which industrial relations have responded to recent pressures for greater commercialism in public enterprises, and explores the reasons for the differences in the response of the two railway companies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document