scholarly journals Microbial contamination of hands with or without the use of electric toilet seats with water spray (bidets) after defecation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeharu Oie ◽  
Mai Suetomi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Individual

Objective: Electric toilet seats with water spray (bidets) are gaining in popularity all over the world. However, the extent of reduction in microbial contamination of hands with the use of bidets after defecation is not known. Methods: The microbe contamination of hands with and without the use of bidets after defecation with the participation of 32 nursing students was studied. Double gloves were worn on the dominant hand and four layers of toilet paper were used to wipe the buttocks after defecation and the microbe contamination of the second glove (outer glove) of the double gloves was examined. The volunteers were free to select flow volume, wash time of the bidet and even the type of bidet for use was left up the individual. Results: Without the use of a bidet, the average value ± standard deviation of the number of microbe attached to the gloves was 39,449.3 ± 77,768.3 colony forming units (cfu) / glove; however, it was 4,146.9 ± 11,427.7 cfu / glove when a bidet was used.The number of microbe adhering to gloves was significantly reduced when a bidet was used (p <0.0001, Wilcoxon singed-rank test). Conclusion: It was discovered that reduction of microbe contamination of hands was possible with the use of bidets after defecation.

scholarly journals Microbial contamination of hands with or without the use of bidet toilets (electric toilet seats with water spray) after defecation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeharu Oie ◽  
Shinya Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstract Bidet toilets (electric toilet seats with water spray) are increasing in popularity worldwide. However, the extent of reduction of microbial contamination of the hands with the use of bidet toilets after defecation is unclear. Microbe contamination of the hands with and without the use of bidet toilets after defecation was examined in 32 nursing students. Double gloves were worn on the dominant hand and four layers of toilet paper were used to wipe the buttocks after defecation, and microbe contamination of the second glove (outer glove) of the double gloves was examined. The volunteers were free to select the flow volume, wash time of the bidet, and the type of bidet. Without the use of a bidet toilet, the average value ± standard deviation of the number of microbes attached to the gloves was 39,499.3 ± 77,768.3 colony forming units (cfu)/glove; however, it was 4,146.9 ± 11,427.7 cfu/glove when the bidet toilet was used. The number of microbes adhering to gloves was significantly reduced when a bidet toilet was used (p &lt; 0.00001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

scholarly journals Motivasi Tinggi Meningkatkan Minat Mahasiswa Untuk Melanjutkan Profesi Ners

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yanti Rosdiana ◽  
Wahidyanti Rahayu Hastutiningtyas ◽  
Ronasari Mahaji Putri
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of

Nursing students can only be said to be professional if the student has continued professional if the student has continued professional profession education, but unfortunately there are still many students who are not willing to continue to the level. Student motivation in one way to bring out, move, desire and direct behaviour. Such behaviour will form an activity of its own to determine the relationship of motivation with the interest of students to continue profession professions at Tribhuwana University Tunggadewi Malang. This research uses analytic observation design with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all Nursing science study Program students at the Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University in Malangwho would continue the profession of nurses. The sampling technique used in this study was a total sampling of 87 respondents. The dependent variable in this study in the independent interest and variable, namely motivation. Data were collected using a modified questionnaire, namely interest with IIQ (The Individual Interest Questionnaire) and motivation with Motivation Quuestionnaire Aspira. Data were performed using SPSS. Spearman-rank test results obtained p value = (0,000) < (0,050) with a positive value of r (correlation coefficient) 0,391 wich means that there is a significant relationship of motivation with interest. Thus the higher the motivation will increase the interest of studets to continue professional education nurse, so it is hoped that there needs to be an early introduction to the Ners professional education program to increase motivation with the interest of nursing students of continue professional ners education

THE EFFECT OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY TOWARD ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF NURSING STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Juliana Juliana ◽  
Novi Afrianti
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
English Language ◽  
Extracurricular Activity ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Banda Aceh

This research is a descriptive correlative study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and relationship of English extracurricular activities (English Club) on the English learning achievement of nursing students. This research took place at the Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh. The population in this study were all students of the Academy of Nursing Kesdam Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh. The samples are students of 2018/2019 who take part in English extracurricular activities as many as 50 students. Data collection methods in this study are the documentation and the questionnaire. Documentation is used to obtain data about the names and number of students who become research respondents. The questionnaire was used to find out students' opinions about English extracurricular activities. The data was analysed in term of percentage by using statistic descriptive SPSS 16.0 and Ms Excel 2013. The results of this study are the researchers found that the average value of students' perceptions reached 82.3% which means students strongly agree with the existence of English language extracurricular activities to support the improvement of their English learning achievement. The data is strengthened by the results of documentation of students' English grades. From the results of the analysis showed that English extracurricular activities proved to have an effect on students' English learning achievement.

scholarly journals Using the Age-Friendly 4Ms Framework to Redesign a Community Clinical Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Margaret Avallone ◽  
Staci Pacetti
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Experience Teaching ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The Age-Friendly 4Ms Framework (IHI/Hartford Foundation) was used to redesign an existing undergraduate nursing community experience, teaching students how to evaluate what matters to the individual, medications, mentation, and mobility. As part of the NJ Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (NJGWEP), a 5-year grant supported by DHHS-HRSA, ten senior nursing students joined a team of bilingual social workers, APNs, and a PharmD in an affordable housing urban highrise. This paper will describe the implementation and evaluation of a redesigned clinical experience using the 4Ms framework. Students visited older residents with bilingual social workers, performed health assessments and developed person-centered plans of care. Students presented resident cases during weekly interprofessional conferences to promote team collaboration and planning. Residents who screened positive for dementia were referred to an interprofessional Memory Assessment Program. Medications were reviewed using the Beers criteria, reconciled, and referred to primary care providers if appropriate. Fall risk was assessed and managed using the STEADI toolkit (CDC). Students were evaluated on attainment of geriatric-specific competencies, including medication review, cognition and depression screening, and fall risk assessments, by direct observations and interview. Following the semester-long experience, students completed a retrospective pretest/posttest survey to evaluate achievement of objectives based on the 4Ms. Mean scores for achievement of learning objectives ranged from 4.7-4.9 on a Likert scale of 1-5. Students identified barriers that older diverse individuals face when managing chronic health problems in the community. Students also valued the partnership with the social workers, stating, “We learned from each other.”

scholarly journals Benefits of exercise in older persons at primary level

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Annie Kunda ◽  
Seyi L. Amosun
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The National Department of Health invited comments on proposed policy guidelines on the prevention of physical inactivity in older persons at primary level. The guidelines recommended the use of exercises which are dynamic, interesting, fun, easily implemented, safe and tailored to suit the individual needs. In order to make informed comments on the policy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the recommended exercise program among older persons in a local community over a six-week period. Promoting physical activity among the participants in the study resulted in marked improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and dominant hand grip strength. The time taken to perform some selected functional tasks also improved. The findings gave credence to the need to discourage physical inactivity among older persons, but there is need to overcome formidable methodological problems in evaluating the effects of exercise intervention among older persons in the community.

scholarly journals Electronic application for oral health school programme enhances the quality of the information in dental health data records

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatikhah ◽  
Gilang Yubiliana ◽  
Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Electronic Application ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Health Programme

Background: Dental and oral health problems among elementary students can be resolved through an oral health programme in schools. The main factor that inhibited this scheme was that the recording and reporting still employed a manual system, making it less effective and efficient. The electronic application of this programme can help managers to complete both of these tasks. Purpose: This study’s aim is to assess the effectiveness of the electronic application that is utilised in the oral health school programme to increase the quality of the information relating to the recording of dental health data in schools. Methods: This study used a pre-test and post-test one-group design, and the sample consisted of 37 oral health programme managers in schools who were chosen via simple random sampling. The data in this study was analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The results showed that the use of the electronic application as part of the oral health scheme influenced the quality of the information when details were recorded and reported. This can be seen in the rise in the standard of the information that was noted and disclosed when comparing data before and after using the electronic application; the average value of 1.54 (standard deviation=1.45) increased to an average value of 3.58 (standard deviation=2.84) with a significance level of 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The electronic application used in conjunction with the oral health programme was effective in raising the quality of dental health records in schools.

scholarly journals Change in Marrow and Spleen CFU Compartments Following Leukemia Virus Infection: Comparison of Friend and Rauscher Virus

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. OKunewick ◽  
Eleanore L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Infected Mouse ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
F Factor ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Rauscher Leukemia ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leukemia Viruses

Abstract The effects of the Friend and Rauscher leukemia viruses on the marrow and spleen colony-forming unit compartments have been studied. It was found that the two viruses produced qualitatively similar but quantitatively different effects relative to each other. Comparison of the effects of the individual virus on spleen with those on the marrow also showed striking differences. In the spleen by 14 days after infection with either virus the CFU compartment was grossly enlarged. In the marrow of the Friend-infected mouse the CFU number was not significantly different from normal, and in the Rauscher-infected mouse there was a 50% drop in marrow CFU. Measurement of the F factor showed that infection by either virus resulted in colony-forming units that were deficient as compared to the normal in their ability to successfully "seed" in the spleens of irradiated normal recipients, with the greater depression in F factor being found in cells obtained from spleen tissue. These results indicate that in both cases the nature of the host tissue (marrow versus spleen) exerts a significant modifying effect on the expression of the virus action, and also suggest that the pluripotent colony-forming unit may be a target cell for these viruses.

scholarly journals Impact of a disinfecting technique on microbial contamination of computer keyboards and telephone handsets

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Messina ◽  
Emma Ceriale ◽  
Sandra Burgassi ◽  
Carmela Russo ◽  
Chiara Defranceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Elastic Compound ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Background: Computers and telephones are ubiquitous in the hospital and have been shown to be contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganism. The aim of the study was to determine microbial contamination on computer keyboards and telephone handsets and the effectiveness of a disinfecting technique (DT). Methods: A matched cross-over study, involving an overall of 50 computer keyboards and 50 telephone handsets, was conducted in three hospitals, located in the Local Health Area of Siena (Italy) before and after the use of an innovative DT consisting of a malleable-elastic compound, containing ethanol, which adheres to surfaces, removes dirt and disinfects. Total bacterial count was evaluated and several types of bacteria and fungi were researched pre- and post- use of the DT. Non parametric tests: Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann Whitney, were used, when appropriate. Results: The DT was effective in disinfecting the objects. In fact, Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) decreased to zero in most comparisons. All the comparisons showed significant differences (p<0.001) after the DT, both for computer keyboards and telephone handsets. The only exception was found for molds in telephones (p=0.062). Keyboards emerged to be dirtier than telephones handsets (p<0.05) for several types of bacteria. Conclusions: The data suggest that microbial contamination of keyboards and telephones is considerable. These objects can be a vehicle for Health Care-Associated Infections HAIs and their disinfection should not be neglected. The DT showed to be appropriate for the disinfecting purpose.

Outbreaks Where Food Workers Have Been Implicated in the Spread of Foodborne Disease. Part 9. Washing and Drying of Hands To Reduce Microbial Contamination

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1937-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWEN C. D. TODD ◽  
BARRY S. MICHAELS ◽  
DEBRA SMITH ◽  
JUDY D. GREIG ◽  
CHARLES A. BARTLESON
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Foodborne Outbreak ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
Diarrheal Episode ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Food Workers

During various daily activities at home and work, hands quickly become contaminated. Some activities increase the risk of finger contamination by pathogens more than others, such as the use of toilet paper to clean up following a diarrheal episode, changing the diaper of a sick infant, blowing a nose, or touching raw food materials. Many foodborne outbreak investigation reports have identified the hands of food workers as the source of pathogens in the implicated food. The most convenient and efficient way of removing pathogens from hands is through hand washing. Important components of hand washing are potable water for rinsing and soaps to loosen microbes from the skin. Hand washing should occur after any activity that soils hands and certainly before preparing, serving, or eating food. Antimicrobial soaps are marginally more effective than plain soaps, but constant use results in a buildup of the antimicrobial compound on the skin. The time taken to wash hands and the degree of friction generated during lathering are more important than water temperature for removing soil and microorganisms. However, excessive washing and scrubbing can cause skin damage and infections. Drying hands with a towel removes pathogens first by friction during rubbing with the drying material and then by wicking away the moisture into that material. Paper rather than cloth towels should be encouraged, although single-use cloth towels are present in the washrooms of higher class hotels and restaurants. Warm air dryers remove moisture and any surface microorganisms loosened by washing from hands by evaporation while the hands are rubbed together vigorously; however, these dryers take too long for efficient use. The newer dryers with high-speed air blades can achieve dryness in 10 to15 s without hand rubbing.

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