scholarly journals Impacts of anthropogenic change on biodiversity affect disease spillover risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K Glidden ◽  
Nicole Nova ◽  
Morgan P Kain ◽  
Katherine M Lagerstrom ◽  
Eloise B Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
The Relationship

The integration of biodiversity conservation and public health has gained significant traction, leading to new efforts to identify win-win solutions for sustainable development and health. At the forefront of these efforts is pinpointing ways that biodiversity conservation can reduce risk of zoonotic spillover, especially given the consequences of pandemics and epidemics of wild animal origin. However, there is currently an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which biodiversity change influences the spillover process, limiting the application of integrated strategies aimed at achieving positive outcomes for both conservation and disease management. One limitation has been a narrow focus on the relationship between infectious disease and species richness only, thus missing other relevant dimensions of biodiversity. Here, we review the literature, considering a broad scope of biodiversity definitions, to identify cases where zoonotic pathogen spillover is mechanistically linked to changes in biodiversity. Extending biodiversity to include other dimensions of it, such as functional diversity, landscape diversity, spatiotemporal diversity, and interaction diversity, allows us to identify potential relationships between biodiversity change and zoonotic spillover. By reframing the discussion of biodiversity and disease using mechanistic evidence while encompassing multiple dimensions of biodiversity, we work toward general principles that can guide future research and more effectively integrate the related goals of biodiversity conservation and spillover prevention.

scholarly journals Impacts of anthropogenic change on biodiversity affects disease spillover risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K Glidden ◽  
Nicole Nova ◽  
Morgan P Kain ◽  
Katherine M Lagerstrom ◽  
Eloise B Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
The Relationship

The integration of biodiversity conservation and public health has gained significant traction, leading to new efforts to identify win-win solutions for sustainable development and health. At the forefront of these efforts is pinpointing ways that biodiversity conservation can reduce risk of zoonotic spillover, especially given the consequences of pandemics and epidemics of wild animal origin. However, there is currently an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which biodiversity change influences the spillover process, limiting the application of integrated strategies aimed at achieving positive outcomes for both conservation and disease management. One limitation has been a narrow focus on the relationship between infectious disease and species richness only, thus missing other relevant dimensions of biodiversity. Here, we review the literature, considering a broad scope of biodiversity definitions, to identify cases where zoonotic pathogen spillover is mechanistically linked to changes in biodiversity. Extending biodiversity to include other dimensions of it, such as functional diversity, landscape diversity, spatiotemporal diversity, and interaction diversity, allows us to identify potential relationships between biodiversity change and zoonotic spillover. By reframing the discussion of biodiversity and disease using mechanistic evidence while encompassing multiple dimensions of biodiversity, we work toward general principles that can guide future research and more effectively integrate the related goals of biodiversity conservation and spillover prevention.

scholarly journals Impacts of anthropogenic change on biodiversity affect disease spillover risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K Glidden ◽  
Nicole Nova ◽  
Morgan P Kain ◽  
Katherine M Lagerstrom ◽  
Eloise B Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Phenological Diversity

The integration of biodiversity conservation and public health has gained significant traction, leading to new efforts to identify win–win solutions for the environment and health. At the forefront of these efforts is pin-pointing ways in which biodiversity conservation can reduce risk of zoonotic spillover, especially given the consequences of epidemics and pandemics of wild animal origin. However, there is currently an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which biodiversity change influences the spillover process, limiting the application of integrated strategies aimed at achieving positive outcomes for both conservation and disease management. Here, we review the literature, considering a broad scope of biodiversity dimensions, to identify cases where zoonotic pathogen spillover is mechanistically linked to changes in biodiversity. By reframing the discussion of biodiversity and disease using mechanistic evidence while encompassing multiple aspects of biodiversity, including functional diversity, landscape diversity, phenological diversity, and interaction diversity, we work toward general principles that can guide future research and more effectively integrate the related goals of biodiversity conservation and spillover prevention. We conclude by summarizing how these principles could be used to integrate spillover prevention into ongoing biodiversity conservation initiatives.

scholarly journals Human-mediated impacts on biodiversity and the consequences for zoonotic disease spillover

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K Glidden ◽  
Nicole Nova ◽  
Morgan P Kain ◽  
Katherine M Lagerstrom ◽  
Eloise B Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Integrated Strategies ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Phenological Diversity

Human-mediated changes to natural ecosystems have consequences for both ecosystem and human health. Historically, efforts to preserve or restore ‘biodiversity’ can seem to be in opposition to human interests. However, the integration of biodiversity conservation and public health has gained significant traction in recent years, and new efforts to identify solutions that benefit both environmental and human health are ongoing. At the forefront of these efforts is an attempt to clarify ways in which biodiversity conservation can help reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover of pathogens from wild animals, sparking epidemics and pandemics in humans and livestock. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which biodiversity change influences the spillover process is incomplete, limiting the application of integrated strategies aimed at achieving positive outcomes for both conservation and disease management. Here, we review the literature, considering a broad scope of biodiversity dimensions, to identify cases where zoonotic pathogen spillover is mechanistically linked to changes in biodiversity. By reframing the discussion around biodiversity and disease using mechanistic evidence—while encompassing multiple aspects of biodiversity including functional diversity, landscape diversity, phenological diversity, and interaction diversity—we work toward general principles that can guide future research and more effectively integrate the related goals of biodiversity conservation and spillover prevention. We conclude by summarizing how these principles could be used to integrate the goal of spillover prevention into ongoing biodiversity conservation initiatives.

Review on the Research of Dynamic Characteristics for Spacecraft Solar Arrays

2013 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Ze Hao Pan ◽  
Jia Ning Wu ◽  
Shao Ze Yan ◽  
Jie Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, a review of developments in the dynamic characteristics of traditional and inflatable solar array is presented. Three major aspects that affect the dynamic behavior of solar array are reviewed: component flexibility, joint clearance and thermally induced vibration. Important results and methods of exploring the dynamic characteristics of inflatable solar array are discussed. Future research areas in dynamic characteristics of solar array are identified as damping mechanism of inflatable structure, the relationship between pressurization level and damping ratio, application of more advanced contact model, dynamic characteristics of solar array made of new materials and consideration of deformation in multiple dimensions.

A Salutogenic Perspective on Adverse Experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Höltge ◽  
Shauna L. Mc Gee ◽  
Andreas Maercker ◽  
Myriam V. Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. Research has predominantly focused on the negative effects of adversity on health and well-being. However, the salutogenic perspective suggests that adversity may not always be detrimental ( Antonovsky, 1996 ). In fact, under certain circumstances, adversity may have the potential for positive outcomes, such as increased resilience and thriving ( Carver, 1998 ; Rutter, 1987 ). The “steeling effect” suggests that past experiences of adversity may increase resistance to later adversities. It proposes that moderate adversity may facilitate more adaptive functioning than no adversity or high levels of adversity ( Rutter, 2006 , 2012 ). The relationship between adversity and health may be optimally assessed using curvilinear models, yet the majority of previous studies have examined linear associations ( Masten & Cicchetti, 2016 ). It is therefore the aim of this review to determine whether moderate adversity is associated with more adaptive functioning when compared to no and high levels of adversity. Practical implications and future research are also discussed.

Job Demands–Resources and Flourishing: Exploring Workplace Bullying as a Potential Mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1316-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzabé Nel ◽  
Melinde Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
Recommendations For Practice ◽  
The Relationship

Flourishing in the workplace can bring about various positive outcomes for individual and organizational well-being. This study explored the interactional effect of workplace bullying on the relationship between job demands–resources and flourishing. A convenience sample of 1102 employees was selected, and these employees completed an online survey that explored this relationship. Mediation analysis revealed that low job demands were linked to lower levels of workplace bullying, which in turn correlated with higher levels of flourishing. Workplace bullying partially mediated the job demands–flourishing relationship, but not the job resources–flourishing relation. The results were interpreted based on the job demands–resources theory, followed by recommendations for practice and future research.

scholarly journals Women and wildlife crime: hidden offenders, protectors and victims

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Kahler ◽  
Marisa A. Rinkus
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gendered Roles

Abstract Gender is an explanatory factor in multiple dimensions of conservation, including women's access to and participation in conservation programmes, with gender bias in wildlife research persisting globally. There is reason to believe the current global wildlife crime crisis is no exception, with a lack of critical examination of gendered roles in security for biodiversity conservation. Despite the emergence of high-profile all-women ranger units (e.g. Akashinga in Zimbabwe) there has been a lack of systematic integration of gender within biodiversity protection. Theoretical and methodological applications from criminology have become progressively more common in response to an increase in a wide range of environmental crimes with consequences for women and their communities. Here we consider the implications of the lack of knowledge of women's direct and indirect roles in wildlife security. We used the criminology and conservation literature to identify key gaps in research, and relevant and robust typologies and frameworks informed by criminology to structure future research on women as offenders, protectors (handlers, managers, guardians) and victims of wildlife crime. We argue that more intentional research into the direct and indirect roles of women in wildlife crime is needed to address wildlife crime, protect biodiversity and support social justice in response to wildlife crimes.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

Does Ego-Resilience Impact Friendship Outcomes?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Lozano ◽  
Mahzad Hojjat ◽  
Judith Sims-Knight
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Ego Resilience ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Trait Resilience ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study examined the relationship between resilience and positive outcomes in friendships of young adults. SEM and bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether positive emotions mediate the relationship between ego-resilience and enhanced friendship outcomes. Findings revealed indirect effects for friendship closeness, maintenance behaviors, and received social support. Our findings demonstrate the importance of positive emotions and its connection with trait resilience in the realm of friendships.

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