scholarly journals On network suppression of multidrug-resistant pathogen spread

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Piotrowska ◽  
Aleksandra Puchalska ◽  
Konrad Sakowski
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Real Patient ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Stability

In the paper we present a system of SIS type equations coupled by impulses at fixed times that describe the transfer of patients in the healthcare system represented by a graph of healthcare facilities and corresponding communities. The first aim for this considerations is to provide rigorous mathematical analysis of a general theoretical model, which is then used to model transmission of hospital acquired multidrug-resistant bacteria infections based on real patient hospital records provided by German insurance company – AOK Lower Saxony. Starting from the existence and the asymptotic behaviour, together with specification of parameter R, we propose sufficient conditions guaranteeing network suppression of infection. Furthermore, conditions derived analytically and proposed numerical procedure are used to indicate healthcare facilities that are most prone to the high prevalence bacteria spread in the healthcare system and to ensure the stability of disease-free steady state of the system.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Activity Potentiation and Physicochemical Characterization of the Fixed Orbignya speciosa Almond Oil against MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Other Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Machado ◽  
Maria do Socorro Costa ◽  
Saulo Tintino ◽  
Fábio Rodrigues ◽  
Camila Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Almond Oil ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
The Stability

Orbignya speciosa (babassu) is an important palm tree in Brazil whose fixed almond oil is used in popular medicine and especially in food, in addition to being a research target for the manufacture of biofuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fixed almond oil physicochemical characterization and its antibacterial activity in isolation and in association with aminoglycosides against standard and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Analyses such as water content, pH, acidity, peroxide index, relative density, and refractive index indicate the stability and chemical quality of the oil. In the oil’s GC/MS chemical composition analysis, a high saturated fatty acid (76.90%) content was observed. Lauric acid (56.28%) and oleic acid (23.10%) were the major oil components. In the antibacterial test, a more significant oil activity was observed against K. pneumoniae KP-ATCC 10031 (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 406.37 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC = 812.75 μg/mL), but for the other strains—including standard and multi-resistant strains—the oil presented an MIC ≥ 1024 μg/mL. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was observed when the oil was associated with amikacin and gentamicin against S. aureus (SA-10) and an antagonistic effect was observed with amikacin against Escherichia coli. Data indicate the O. speciosa oil as a valuable nutritional source of lauric, oleic, and myristic fatty acids with an ability to modulate aminoglycoside activity.

scholarly journals Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Healthcare Workers’ Attire: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Pavlina Lena ◽  
Angela Ishak ◽  
Spyridon A Karageorgos ◽  
Constantinos Tsioutis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Contaminated healthcare workers’ (HCW) clothing risk transferring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare facilities. We performed a systematic review in Pubmed and Scopus for 2000–2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze evidence of MRSA on HCW attire. The primary study outcome was MRSA isolation rates on HCW clothing in healthcare settings. Out of 4425 articles, 23 studies were included: 18 with 1760 HCWs, four with 9755 HCW–patient interactions and one with 512 samples. There was a notable variation in HCWs surveyed, HCW attires, sampling techniques, culture methods and laundering practices. HCW attire was frequently colonized with MRSA with the highest rates in long-sleeved white coats (up to 79%) and ties (up to 32%). Eight studies reported additional multidrug-resistant bacteria on the sampled attire. HCW attire, particularly long-sleeved white coats and ties, is frequently contaminated with MRSA. Banning certain types and giving preference to in-house laundering in combination with contact precautions can effectively decrease MRSA contamination and spread.

scholarly journals Public Health Response to US Cases of Candida auris, a Globally Emerging, Multidrug-Resistant Yeast, 2013–2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S72-S73
Author(s):  
Sharon Tsay ◽  
Rory M Welsh ◽  
Eleanor H Adams ◽  
Nancy A Chow ◽  
Lalitha Gade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Background Candida auris is an often multidrug-resistant yeast that causes invasive infections and, unlike most Candida species, spreads in healthcare facilities. CDC released a clinical alert in June 2016 requesting reporting of C. auris cases. We investigated cases to contain transmission and inform prevention measures for this novel organism. Methods Clinical cases were defined as C. auris from any clinical specimen from a patient in the United States. Response to cases included implementation of infection control measures, enhanced cleaning and disinfection, and testing of close contacts for C. auris colonisation (isolation from a person’s axilla or groin was defined as a screening case). Microbiology records were reviewed at reporting facilities for missed cases. All isolates were forwarded to CDC for confirmation, antifungal susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results As of April 13, 2017, 61 clinical cases of C. auris were reported from six states: New York (39), New Jersey (15), Illinois (4), Indiana (1), Maryland (1), and Massachusetts (1). All but two occurred since 2016 (Figure). An additional 32 screening cases were identified among contacts. Median age of clinical case-patients was 70 years (range 21–96); 56% were male. Nearly, all had underlying medical conditions and extensive exposure to healthcare facilities before infection. Most clinical isolates were from blood (38, 62%), followed by urine (8, 13%) and respiratory tract (5, 8%). Among the first 35 isolates, 30 (86%) were resistant to fluconazole, 15 (43%) to amphotericin B, and one (3%) to caspofungin. No isolate was resistant to all three. WGS revealed isolates from each state were highly related and different from other states, suggestive of transmission. Microbiology record reviews did not identify additional cases before 2016. Conclusion C. auris is an emerging pathogen, with similarities to multidrug-resistant bacteria, that has been transmitted in US healthcare settings. CDC and public health partners are committed to prompt and aggressive action through investigation of cases and heightened infection control practices to halt its spread. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated From Patients With Pneumonia at Two Hospitals in North-West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Paul I Oyegoke ◽  
Busayo O Olayinka ◽  
Joseph O Ehinmidu ◽  
Babajide A Tytler
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
North West ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background and aims: The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health threat complicating treatment and resulting in prolonged hospitalization. The prevalence of AMR threat is not well defined due to the dearth of appropriate surveillance systems. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AMR among bacterial isolates from sputum specimens obtained from patients with pneumonia presenting at two secondary healthcare facilities in Zaria from June 1 to August 31, 2018. Methods: Standard methodology was followed in processing sputum samples that met the acceptance criteria. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens cultured from sputum specimens obtained from June 1 to August 31, 2018) were evaluated using the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Acinetobacter spp. were the predominant pathogens accounting for 32% of recovered isolates, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (18%) and Klebsiella spp. (17%), respectively. AMR was found in 91% of the isolates. Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (ERY) (80%) and amoxicillin (83.3%). Eventually, the multiple antibiotic resistance index ≥0.3 was observed in 76% of the isolates. Conclusion: Based on the findings, AMR rates were observed to be high, and may display a serious therapeutic challenge to the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Concerted efforts are needed to combat the worrisome AMR trends revealed in this study.

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