scholarly journals Thyroid cancer in the era of endocrine disrupting compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Cristina Preda ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Rising Incidence

Thyroid cancer has the highest prevalence of all endocrine malignancies, accounting for 1–3% of all human tumors. The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has increased globally in the last 10-20 years, faster than that of any other cancer type. The rising incidence has been observed in females, young adults, and children. The possible explanation might be the new achievements in diagnostic procedures, as thyroid ultrasonography and elastography, plus molecular testing and tumoral markers. Even though “over diagnosis” cannot be excluded, the increased incidence for all tumor sizes may suggest that other factors, such as lifestyle changes and environmental influences may contribute to a real increase.

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

scholarly journals A Search for Causes of Rising Incidence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents after Chernobyl and Fukushima: Comparison of the Clinical Features and Their Relevance for Treatment and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3444
Author(s):  
Valentina Drozd ◽  
Vladimir Saenko ◽  
Daniel I. Branovan ◽  
Kate Brown ◽  
Shunichi Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Tumor Stages

The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is steadily increasing globally. Epidemiologists usually explain this global upsurge as the result of new diagnostic modalities, screening and overdiagnosis as well as results of lifestyle changes including obesity and comorbidity. However, there is evidence that there is a real increase of DTC incidence worldwide in all age groups. Here, we review studies on pediatric DTC after nuclear accidents in Belarus after Chernobyl and Japan after Fukushima as compared to cohorts without radiation exposure of those two countries. According to the Chernobyl data, radiation-induced DTC may be characterized by a lag time of 4–5 years until detection, a higher incidence in boys, in children of youngest age, extrathyroidal extension and distant metastases. Radiation doses to the thyroid were considerably lower by appr. two orders of magnitude in children and adolescents exposed to Fukushima as compared to Chernobyl. In DTC patients detected after Fukushima by population-based screening, most of those characteristics were not reported, which can be taken as proof against the hypothesis, that radiation is the (main) cause of those tumors. However, roughly 80% of the Fukushima cases presented with tumor stages higher than microcarcinomas pT1a and 80% with lymph node metastases pN1. Mortality rates in pediatric DTC patients are generally very low, even at higher tumor stages. However, those cases considered to be clinically relevant should be followed-up carefully after treatment because of the risk of recurrencies which is expected to be not negligible. Considering that thyroid doses from the Fukushima accident were quite small, it makes sense to assess the role of other environmental and lifestyle-related factors in thyroid carcinogenesis. Well-designed studies with assessment of radiation doses from medical procedures and exposure to confounders/modifiers from the environment as e.g., nitrate are required to quantify their combined effect on thyroid cancer risk.

scholarly journals Effects of the Hedgehog signalling inhibitor itraconazole on developing rat ovaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson ◽  
Camilla Taxvig ◽  
Gustav Peder Mohr Olsen ◽  
Terje Svingen
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Knock Out Mice

Abstract Early ovary development is considered to be largely hormone independent, yet there are associations between fetal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women. This can potentially be explained by perturbations to establishment of ovarian endocrine function rather than interference with an already established hormone system. In this study we explore if Hedgehog (HH) signaling, a central pathway for correct ovary development, can be disrupted by exposure to HH-disrupting chemicals, using the antifungal itraconazole as model compound. In the mouse Leydig cell line TM3, used as a proxy for ovarian theca cells, itraconazole exposure had a suppressing effect on genes downstream of HH signaling, such as Gli1. Exposing explanted rat ovaries (gestational day 22 or postnatal day 3) to 30 µM itraconazole for 72 h induced significant suppression of genes in the HH signaling pathway with altered Ihh, Gli1, Ptch1, and Smo expression similar to those previously observed in Ihh/Dhh knock-out mice. Exposing rat dams to 50 mg/kg bw/day in the perinatal period did not induce observable changes in the offspring’s ovaries. Overall, our results suggest that HH signal disruptors may affect ovary development with potential long-term consequences for female reproductive health. However, potent HH inhibitors would likely cause severe teratogenic effects at doses lower than those causing ovarian dysgenesis, so the concern with respect to reproductive disorder is for the presence of HH disruptors at low concentration in combination with other ovary or endocrine disrupting compounds.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Thyroid Cancer: An Overview

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Mathilda Alsen ◽  
Catherine Sinclair ◽  
Peter Cooke ◽  
Kimia Ziadkhanpour ◽  
Eric Genden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Library ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC) are known to alter thyroid function and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of available studies on the association between EDC exposure and thyroid cancer. Relevant studies were identified via a literature search in the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health PubMed as well as a review of reference lists of all retrieved articles and of previously published relevant reviews. Overall, the current literature suggests that exposure to certain congeners of flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phthalates as well as certain pesticides may potentially be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. However, future research is urgently needed to evaluate the different EDCs and their potential carcinogenic effect on the thyroid gland in humans as most EDCs have been studied sporadically and results are not consistent.

scholarly journals The association between XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 34 case–control studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Shumin Ma ◽  
Lei Liang ◽  
Zhiyong Kou ◽  
Hongbin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background Studies on the XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism show that this polymorphism is involved in a variety of cancers, but its specific relationships or effects are not consistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between rs1799794 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for eligible studies through June 11, 2019. All analyses were performed with Stata 14.0. Subgroup analyses were performed by cancer type, ethnicity, source of control, and detection method. A total of 37 studies with 23,537 cases and 30,649 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Results XRCC3 rs1799794 increased cancer risk in the dominant model and heterozygous model (GG + AG vs. AA: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.08, P = 0.051; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.015). The existence of rs1799794 increased the risk of breast cancer and thyroid cancer, but reduced the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, rs1799794 increased the risk of cancer in the Caucasian population. Conclusion This meta-analysis confirms that XRCC3 rs1799794 is related to cancer risk, especially increased risk for breast cancer and thyroid cancer and reduced risk for ovarian cancer. However, well-designed large-scale studies are required to further evaluate the results.

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