scholarly journals Evaluation of the lymphoproliferation of mononuclear cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients treated with Libidibia ferrea

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Erika Oliveira Da Silva ◽  
Paula Figliuolo da Cruz Borges ◽  
Rafaela Benício Santana ◽  
Heriederson Sávio Dias Moura ◽  
José Fernando Marques Barcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

American integumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a neglected disease that mostly affects vulnerable populations. Its broad spectrum of clinical manifestations is related to the type of immune response produced by the host and the species of Leishmania involved. In recent years, the use of medicinal plants has become a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of infectious parasitic diseases. This research aimed to evaluate the lymphoproliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) before and after treatment, and healthy individuals. The lymphoproliferative response was evaluated in cell culture using stimuli of the dichloromethane fraction (DCM) obtained from Libidibia ferrea, Glucantime® and phytohemagglutinin - PHA using a BrdU Cell Proliferation after 72 h of incubation. In cultures treated with the DCM fraction, intense induction of lymphoproliferation was observed (p<0.0001), as was also observed in response to the PHA mitogen, and there was a significant difference when compared with the conventional treatment (p<0.0135). In the post-treatment and healthy groups, although the compound induced lymphoproliferation, there was no statistical difference. These results suggest that the organic compound played an important inducing role in lymphoproliferation, which highlights the importance of continuity involving new studies in order to evaluate its immunomodulatory activity.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Cholesterol ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tavoosi ◽  
Hemen Moradi-Sardareh ◽  
Massoud Saidijam ◽  
Reza Yadegarazari ◽  
Shiva Borzuei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abca1 Expression

ABCA1 and ABCG1 genes encode the cholesterol transporter proteins that play a key role in cholesterol and phospholipids homeostasis. This study was aimed at evaluating and comparing ABCA1 and ABCG1 genes expression in metabolic syndrome patients and healthy individuals. This case-control study was performed on 36 patients with metabolic syndrome and the same number of healthy individuals in Hamadan (west of Iran) during 2013-2014. Total RNA was extracted from mononuclear cells and purified using RNeasy Mini Kit column. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 genes was performed by qRT-PCR. Lipid profile and fasting blood glucose were measured using colorimetric procedures. ABCG1 expression in metabolic syndrome patients was significantly lower (about 75%) compared to that of control group, while for ABCA1 expression, there was no significant difference between the two studied groups. Comparison of other parameters such as HDL-C, FBS, BMI, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure between metabolic syndrome patients and healthy individuals showed significant differences (P<0.05). Decrease in ABCG1 expression in metabolic syndrome patients compared to healthy individuals suggests that hyperglycemia, related metabolites, and hyperlipidemia over the transporter capacity resulted in decreased expression of ABCG1. Absence of a significant change in ABCA1 gene expression between two groups can indicate a different regulation mechanism for ABCA1 expression.

Comparison of cytokine profile of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10 in cutaneous leishmaniasis using PBMC vs. whole blood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Miramin Mohammadi ◽  
Amir Javadi ◽  
Alireza Firooz ◽  
Ali Khamesipour
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Active Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background and Objectives: The surrogate marker (s) of cure and protection in intracellular pathogens is not yet well defined. The aim of this study was to compare the cytokine profile using whole blood cells (WBC) vs. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in healthy and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) volunteers. Materials and Methods: In this study, WBC and PBMC of the volunteers with history of CL (HCL), Active lesion (ACL) and healthy volunteers were collected. The WBC and PBMC were cultured and stimulated with either PHA or soluble Leish- mania antigens (SLA), after 72 hours, the supernatants were collected and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10 were titrated using ELISA method. Results: The mean ± SD of cytokines using WBC and PBMC in cutaneous leishmaniasis volunteers stimulated with phy- tohemagglutin (PHA) or SLA are as follow, PHA, IFN-γ=2295±995 vs. 2339±1115, IL-10=853±309 vs. 1330±966, and IL-5=299±136 vs. 352+156, SLA, IFN-γ, 931±824 vs. 825±532, IL-10, 233±78 vs. 408±381, and IL-5, 185±59 vs. 217±76, respectively. There was no significant difference between the IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10 levels using WBC vs. PBMC. There was a strong correlation between the cytokine profiles using WBC and PBMC in cutaneous leishmaniasis volunteers. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-5 levels in whole blood and PBMC of volunteers with active lesion or history of CL. Whole-blood culture which is easier, cheaper and more convenient could be used instead of PBMC to evaluate the cytokine profile in field conditions.

scholarly journals Immune Responses in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: in vitro Thelper1/Thelper2 Cy-tokine Profiles Using Live Versus Killed Leishmania major

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Miramin-Mohammadi ◽  
Amir Javadi ◽  
Seyyed Ebrahim Eskandari ◽  
Mahmood Nateghi-Rostami ◽  
Ali Khamesipour
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: Recovery from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) leads to protection against further lesion development. In contrast, vaccination using killed parasites does not induce enough protection; the reason(s) is not currently known but might be related to different immune response induced against live versus killed parasites. In this study, Th1/Th2 cyto-kine profiles of CL patients were evaluated against live versus killed Leishmania major. Methods: In this study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of the volunteers with active CL lesion (CL), history of CL (HCL) and healthy volunteers were cultured and stimulated with live or killed Leishmania major, the superna-tants were collected and levels of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10 were titrated using ELISA method. Results: The results showed that IFN-γ levels in CL patients (p< 0.001) and HCL volunteers (p< 0.005) are signifi-cantly higher when stimulated with live than stimulated with killed L. major. IFN-γ production in PBMC volunteers with CL and HCL stimulated with live or heat-killed L. major was significantly (p< 0.001) higher than in unstimulated ones. The level of IL-5 in CL patients (p< 0.005) and HCL volunteers (p< 0.001) are significantly lower when stimulated with live than killed L. major. There was no significant difference between the levels of IL-10 in PBMC stimulated with either live or killed L. major. Conclusion: It is concluded that using live Leishmania induces a stronger Th1 type of immune response which justify using leishmanization as a control measure against CL.

scholarly journals Histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis before and after different treatments*

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostinho Gonçalves Viana ◽  
Wilson Mayrink ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Carvalho Fraga ◽  
Luciana Maria Silva ◽  
Patrícia Luciana Batista Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Th1 Cytokines

BACKGROUND: The histopathology and immune responses of the healing process of leishmaniasis are still poorly studied. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the histopathological and immunological aspects of lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis before and after different therapeutic methods. METHODS: We studied 23 individuals grouped according to the treatments: Glucantime, Glucantime + Leishvacin and Glucantime + Leishvacin associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. For analysis of the histopathological changes present in the dermis and epidermis, histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The samples were immunostained before and after treatment to analyze the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL) 12, IL-10 and IL-4. RESULTS: Before treatment the presence of intense infiltrates of mononuclear cells was noticed and after treatment, even with a diagnosis of clinical cure, the subjects still showed a moderate inflammatory process. In the immunohistochemical analyses, we noticed a difference between the cytokines, with increased expression of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 compared to IL 10 and IL-4, both before and after treatment and, comparatively, the difference in this expression was more intense before treatment. However, the cytokine expression analyzed by treatment group showed no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a clinical cure does not always coincide with the histopathological one, and that before treatment there is a predominance of Th1 cytokines. In terms of treatment type, there was no difference in the progression of healing for all the three types of treatment, indicating their clinical equivalence.

scholarly journals AB0114 INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON MIRNA EXPRESSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1086.1-1086
Author(s):  
Z. B. Özcan ◽  
F. S. Karaahmetoğlu ◽  
M. Z. Çiraci ◽  
H. H. Pençe ◽  
M. Vural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background:The goal of treatment for patients with RA is achieve to remission, or at least a state of low disease activity. Exercise is recommended for patients with RA in addition to drug therapy. It has been found to be effective in greatly improving functionality and reducing cardiovascular risk without exacerbating disease activity. Therefore, it is recommended that all RA patients should be encouraged to include aerobic and resistant exercise training as part of their routine treatment (1).miRNAs(miRNA) are known to protect the pathophysiological process specific to RA. miRNA-146a is one of the miRNAs extensively studied in RA, its expression was found to be higher in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue of RA patients compared to healthy individuals (2).Many studies have found that miRNA-146a, along with miRNA-16 and miRNA155 may be related to disease pathology. It has also been found that high levels of miRNA-16 expression correlate with active disease and low levels of expression with inactive disease. It has been found that the increased level of miRNA-155 causes a problem in the modulation of arthritis It has been found that the expression level of miRNA-145 is increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RA patients and synovium supporting osteoclastogenesis (3,4,5).Objectives:It is aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on microRNA expressions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:30 patients and 30 healthy controls aged 18-60 years who met the 2010 ACR / EULAR RA criteria were included in the study. A program consisting of strengthening and stretching exercises 2 days a week was applied to the study group for 8 weeks. One day a week, 30 minutes of mild moderate walking was requested. Of the cases at the beginning and at the end of the treatment; 5-10 cc peripheral blood samples were taken into one EDTA tube. Then Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used for pain, 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was used to calculate disease activity, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to assess general health and Short Form-36 (SF-36) was used to evaluate quality of life. 5-10 cc peripheral blood samples were taken to only 1 EDTA tube of the control group. In the samples taken, gene expressions of miRNA-146a, miRNA-155, miRNA-16, miRNA-145 were determined by real-time PZR method.Results:There was a significant difference in DAS28, SF-36, NRS, HAQ scales before and after treatment in the RA group of patients (p 0.05). The expression level of MiRNA-146a does not differ significantly before and after treatment (p> 0.05). However, these two groups differ significantly with the control group (p 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the miRNA-155 and miRNA-16 expression levels in the pretreatment, posttreatment, and control groups (p> 0.05).Conclusion:Exercise therapy has a good effect on pain, disease activity, quality of life and general health in patients with RA. It has been found that exercise can affect vii some of the miRNAs involved in disease pathogenesis. However, more comprehensive studies are needed.References:[1]Cooney JK, Law RJ, Matschke V, Lemmey AB, Moore JP, Ahmad Y, et al. Benefits of exercise in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Aging Research. 2011. p. 14.[2]Abou-Zeid A, Saad M, Soliman E. MicroRNA 146a expression in rheumatoid arthritis: Association with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and disease activity. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2011;15(11):807–12.[3]Murata K, Yoshitomi H, Tanida S, Ishikawa M, Nishitani K, Ito H, et al. Plasma and synovial fluid microRNAs as potential biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(3):86.[4]Pauley KM, Satoh M, Chan AL, Bubb MR, Reeves WH, Chan EKL. Upregulated miR-146a expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(4):101.[5]Evangelatos G, Fragoulis GE, Koulouri V, Lambrou GI. Micrornas in rheumatoid arthritis: From pathogenesis to clinical impact. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(11):102391.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Reassessing the Role of the Active TGF-β1 as a Biomarker in Systemic Sclerosis: Association of Serum Levels with Clinical Manifestations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Tavares Dantas ◽  
Sayonara Maria Calado Gonçalves ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Rafaela Silva Guimarães Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Clara Pinheiro Duarte Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Digital Ulcers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Pbmc Culture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Objective. To determine active TGF-β1 (aTGF-β1) levels in serum, skin, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants and to understand their associations with clinical parameters in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.Methods. We evaluated serum samples from 56 SSc patients and 24 healthy controls (HC). In 20 SSc patients, we quantified spontaneous or anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated production of aTGF-β1 by PBMC. The aTGF-β1 levels were measured by ELISA. Skin biopsies were obtained from 13 SSc patients and six HC, and TGFB1 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.Results. TGF-β1 serum levels were significantly higher in SSc patients than in HC (p< 0.0001). Patients with increased TGF-β1 serum levels were more likely to have diffuse subset (p= 0.02), digital ulcers (p= 0.02), lung fibrosis (p< 0.0001), positive antitopoisomerase I (p= 0.03), and higher modified Rodnan score (p= 0.046). Most of our culture supernatant samples had undetectable levels of TGF-β1. No significant difference in TGFB1 expression was observed in the SSc skin compared with HC skin.Conclusion. Raised active TGF-β1 serum levels and their association with clinical manifestations in scleroderma patients suggest that this cytokine could be a marker of fibrotic and vascular involvement in SSc.

Cortisol-induced CXCR4 augmentation mobilizes T lymphocytes after acute physical stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. R591-R599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Okutsu ◽  
Kenji Ishii ◽  
Kai Jun Niu ◽  
Ryoichi Nagatomi
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cxcr4 Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Ru 486 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽  
Chemokine Receptor 4

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for lymphopenia after exercise. Seven young healthy men volunteered for this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with cortisol and analyzed for C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression by flow cytometry. To determine the effects of exercise, subjects performed exhaustive cycling exercise. PBMC were cultured with plasma obtained before and after the cycling exercise. Alternatively, PBMC obtained before and after exercise were cultured without plasma or glucocorticoid to examine whether PBMC were primed in vivo for CXCR4 expression. We analyzed cortisol- or plasma-treated PBMC to determine their ability to migrate through membrane filters in response to stromal cell-derived factor 1α/CXCL12. Cortisol dose- and time-dependently augmented CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes, with <6 h of treatment sufficient to augment CXCR4 on T lymphocytes. Postexercise plasma also augmented CXCR4 expression. Cortisol or postexercise plasma treatment markedly enhanced migration of T lymphocytes toward CXCL12. Augmentation of CXCR4 on T lymphocytes by cortisol or plasma was effectively blocked by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486. Thus exercise-elicited endogenous cortisol effectively augments CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes, which may account for lymphopenia after exercise.

scholarly journals A sand fly salivary protein vaccine shows efficacy against vector-transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis in nonhuman primates

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (290) ◽  
pp. 290ra90-290ra90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Oliveira ◽  
Edgar Rowton ◽  
Hamide Aslan ◽  
Regis Gomes ◽  
Philip A. Castrovinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi

Currently, there are no commercially available human vaccines against leishmaniasis. In rodents, cellular immunity to salivary proteins of sand fly vectors is associated to protection against leishmaniasis, making them worthy targets for further exploration as vaccines. We demonstrate that nonhuman primates (NHP) exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi uninfected sand fly bites or immunized with salivary protein PdSP15 are protected against cutaneous leishmaniasis initiated by infected bites. Uninfected sand fly–exposed and 7 of 10 PdSP15-immunized rhesus macaques displayed a significant reduction in disease and parasite burden compared to controls. Protection correlated to the early appearance of Leishmania-specific CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes, suggesting that immunity to saliva or PdSP15 augments the host immune response to the parasites while maintaining minimal pathology. Notably, the 30% unprotected PdSP15-immunized NHP developed neither immunity to PdSP15 nor an accelerated Leishmania-specific immunity. Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals naturally exposed to P. duboscqi bites recognized PdSP15, demonstrating its immunogenicity in humans. PdSP15 sequence and structure show no homology to mammalian proteins, further demonstrating its potential as a component of a vaccine for human leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Effects of 30 min of aerobic exercise on gene expression in human neutrophils

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Radom-Aizik ◽  
Frank Zaldivar ◽  
Szu-Yun Leu ◽  
Pietro Galassetti ◽  
Dan M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ease Score ◽  
Repair Genes

Relatively brief bouts of exercise alter gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether exercise changes gene expression in circulating neutrophils (whose numbers, like PBMCs, increase) is not known. We hypothesized that exercise would activate neutrophil genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and cell growth and repair, since these functions in leukocytes are known to be influenced by exercise. Blood was sampled before and immediately after 30 min of constant, heavy (∼80% peak O2uptake) cycle ergometer exercise in 12 healthy men (19–29 yr old) of average fitness. Neutrophils were isolated using density gradients; RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix U133+2 Genechip arrays. With false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 with 95% confidence, a total of 526 genes were differentially expressed between before and after exercise. Three hundred and sixteen genes had higher expression after exercise. The Jak/STAT pathway, known to inhibit apoptosis, was significantly activated (EASE score, P < 0.005), but 14 genes were altered in a way likely to accelerate apoptosis as well. Similarly, both proinflammatory (e.g., IL-32, TNFSF8, and CCR5) and anti-inflammatory (e.g., ANXA1) were affected. Growth and repair genes like AREG and FGF2 receptor genes (involved in angiogenesis) were also activated. Finally, a number of neutrophil genes known to be involved in pathological conditions like asthma and arthritis were altered by exercise, suggesting novel links between physical activity and disease or its prevention. In summary, brief heavy exercise leads to a previously unknown substantial and significant alteration in neutrophil gene expression.

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