scholarly journals On Governance and the Demographic Transition

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
Flaubert Mbiekop
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Child Quality ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Fertility Choices

It is now conventional wisdom that institutions shape household fertility choices, especially in developing countries. However, deeper insights into the mechanisms at play are still needed. This paper develops a game-theoretical framework with a simple overlapping-generations model to show how a typical household may come to prefer bearing and raising numerous children as a savings scheme for retirement and not rely on conventional outlets for saving when facing weak institutions. On the one hand weak institutions increase the risk that individuals may lose their savings if relying on conventional outlets. On the other hand, childbearing as an investment/savings scheme carries with it the risk that disguised or complete unemployment may prevent grown children from providing the expected old-age financial support. The typical household thus trades off between both types of risks, yet with more control in the latter case, as the likelihood of unemployment can be reduced by carefully selecting a child quality-quantity strategy. Mild conditions are sufficient to show that sound institutions induce less fertility and foster private saving and oldage consumption. A simple voting experiment unveils a tricky socio- economic dynamics whereby wealthier households may have stakes supporting weak institutions.

scholarly journals Too good to be a sport? Why dog agility struggles in gaining recognition as a sport

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samu Pehkonen ◽  
Hanna-Mari Ikonen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The One ◽  
Elite Sports ◽  
Important Milestone

Over the last two decades, the Finnish community of dog agility practitioners has worked diligently towards gaining recognition for agility as a sport. The process reached an important milestone in 2016 when the National Sports Council listed the Finnish Agility Association as eligible for financial support from the state. As one of the pioneer countries in this regard, Finland is of great interest, as the agility sport continues to become more popular and professionalised worldwide. Using the findings from a qualitative study of media coverage and expert interviews about attempts to gain recognition for agility as a sport, this article explores the strategies that practitioners and the Finnish Agility Association have utilised in their work. This article shows that recognition comes with the need to find a balance between elite sports, on the one hand, and sport for all on the other. Although agility may risk losing some of its particular character as a human–animal teamwork dynamic, it has the potential to contribute to the culture of sports more widely.

scholarly journals Efforts to Disrupt the Authoritarian Equilibrium within the EU. Effects and Counter-effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-741
Author(s):  
Krisztina Juhász
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resource Analysis ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The study, leaning on the concept of ‘authoritarian equilibrium’ introduced by R. Daniel Kelemen on the one hand, and new intergovernmentalism as a fresh theoretical approach of the European integration on the other hand, investigates if we can talk about the disruption of the ‘authoritarian equilibrium’ as a consequence of the split up between Fidesz and the EPP, and the adoption of the rule of law conditionality mechanism. In other words, whether we can talk about an initial authoritarian dis-equilibrium? Or can we rather talk about a converse process due to the mechanisms of new intergovernmentalism resulting in the further stabilisation of authoritarian governments and the ineffectiveness of the EU measures devoted to the protection of rule of law? Using qualitative resource analysis of the relevant secondary literature and the documents and legal acts of the EU and its institutions the paper comes to the conclusion that while we have witnessed efforts to disrupt the partisan and the financial support of the Hungarian governing party, these efforts were neutralised by the mechanisms of new intergovernmentalism and as a consequence we still cannot talk about an initial authoritarian disequilibrium in the EU.

scholarly journals Death of the Breadwinner and the Continuation of the Duty of Spousal Support: Discrepancies and Inequalities for Different Categories of Surviving Partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Elsje Bonthuys
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Spousal Support ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

This note considers the extension of the duty of spousal support after the death of the breadwinner by comparing the rights of different categories of surviving maintenance claimants, who tend to be mostly women: widows of the deceased, unmarried intimate partners of the deceased and ex-wives and ex-partners of the deceased. Financial support can be provided from the deceased estate in the form of a right to share in the joint matrimonial estate, a right to intestate succession, a right to claim from the estate in terms of the Maintenance of Surviving Spouses Act and a right to claim for loss of support from third parties who who caused the death of the deceased breadwinner. Comparing different categories of women, it becomes clear that the law disproportionately benefits widows over other partners and that the rights of ex-spouses are being gradually eroded by the jurisprudence. There is also a discrepancy between rights to claim against deceased estates, which favours widows, on the one hand, and rights to claim against third parties, which is available to a far larger group of surviving maintenance claimants, on the other hand. The note analyses the gendered causes and consequences of these differences. 

On the Reproduction of Organisms with overlapping Generations

1931 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The One ◽  
Successive Generations

In the great majority of organisms, the reproducing individual does not engender all of its progeny simultaneously. Between the beginning and the end of the reproductive period there is usually a certain interval of time, during which the production of offspring continues in a manner depending, on the one hand, upon the specific characteristics of the organism, and on the other, upon the conditions under which it lives. From this simple fact follow some interesting consequences.If the successive generations are separated by a long interval of time and conditions during this interval are of such a nature that the organism is inactive and in the condition of obligatory dormancy, known as diapause, then, in spite of the increase of the population, the generations will remain separate and distinct, and a comparison of the total populations in the successive reproductive periods will enable us to determine the rate of increase.On the other hand, if the interval between generations is short and favourable to activity and the organism does not pass through a period of obligatory dormancy at this time, then, as the species increases, the successive generations will come to overlap, and the amount of overlapping will increase progressively as time goes on.This is primarily due to the fact that when there is reproduction over a period of time-intervals, in a typical individual of the species, and conditions remain constant then the number of time-intervals during which births occur will increase from generation to generation.

scholarly journals INFRASTRUCTURAL AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTERS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Tamara A. Andreeva ◽  
Lyudmila A. Astanina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The One ◽  
Infrastructural Support

The relevance of the work presented in the article is due to the need to use an integrated approach to supporting cluster entities from the standpoint of regulatory, financial and infrastructural support for their functioning. This also explains the choice of research topics. The aim of the work is to analyze the features of the organization of regulatory, financial and infrastructural support of cluster entities in the subjects of the Siberian Federal District, using the example of industrial clusters entered in the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that based on the results of a comparative analysis of the studied clusters, conclusions are drawn regarding the clusters of the Siberian Federal District as a whole. The research methodology is based on the inductive method - from private to general. The analysis carried out in the work showed, on the one hand, the comparative sufficiency of the infrastructure support of cluster formations of the Siberian Federal District, but, on the other hand, the uneven distribution of financial support in its individual regions.

Capital accumulation when consumers are tempted by others’ consumption experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 804-828
Author(s):  
Jaime Alonso-Carrera ◽  
Stéphane Bouché
Keyword(s):  
Peer Effects ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Consumption Experience ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Consumption

Abstract We analyse how the influence of peer effects on self-control affects capital accumulation. We consider an overlapping generations model where individuals are tempted to take the economy-wide average consumption as an aspiration. Consumers exhibit a preference for self-control. They face a self-control problem, and observing each other’s consumption determines the individual’s capacity to deal with this problem. We show that temptation and self-control may either increase or decrease the accumulation of capital. The crucial point would be whether or not consumers take the consumption of the individuals belonging to the other living generations as a reference in forming their aspirations. This point also crucially determines the stability properties of the equilibrium paths.

Prospects of interaction of police and people’s guards in the region: experience of sociological analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Ye. A. Kleymenov ◽  
◽  
Ye. V. Chepikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Budgetary Institutions ◽  
Legal Security ◽  
The One

Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative sociological surveys, the article outlines the prospects for interaction between the police and people's guards in the Khabarovsk territory. On the one hand, the estimates of increase in the number and effectiveness of these law enforcement associations are shown, on the other, the directions for improving their activities in the region are given. The study showed that the main measures to optimize interaction of the people's guards with the police should be aimed at increasing the motivation and involvement of different segments of the population in the work of people's guards. The key areas of such work should be information and explanatory work in relation to the volunteers and volunteers with the active civic position, youth, primarily students, pensioners of power structures, employees of budgetary institutions and organizations, an increase in the level of material incentives for vigilantes and financial support of the people's guards, improvement of legal security of vigilantes, as well as changes in the ideological and motivational aspects of their activities.

scholarly journals CAPITAL GAINS: BLUE MACHINES AND RED MACHINES

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (spec01) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS AGUIAR-CONRARIA ◽  
KARL SHELL
Keyword(s):  
Finite Time ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Intertemporal Allocation ◽  
The One

Capital gains play an essential role in the intertemporal allocation of resources, but they can also fuel self-fulfilling bubbles. The simple case of 2 "identical" capitals is analyzed in an overlapping generations model. The only trajectory in which expectations are realized at every date is the one in which blue machines and red machines have the same price. If ever their prices differ, then there is a "bubble" which must burst in finite time.

scholarly journals Covid-19 pandemic in central Asia: policy and environmental implications and responses for SMES support in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05027
Author(s):  
Konstantin Kurpayanidi ◽  
Alisher Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Today the economy of Uzbekistan, as well as the majority of other countries of the world, is developing in conditions of uncertainty. On the one hand, it is associated with the consequences of new coronavirus pandemic, and on the other - with the introduction of forced restrictions, which hinder business development. This article deals with the necessity to provide financial support to business during the coronavirus pandemic in developing countries. It shows the impact of measures to support small and medium enterprises on economic development. Finally, it outlines recommendations for additional interventions and further research.

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