scholarly journals Competencies and Development Needs of Physician Managers in Nigeria: A Case Study of selected hospitals in Ibadan City, Oyo State

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(S)) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Gbemisola A. Daramola ◽  
Olawumi Dele Awolusi
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Management Training ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Business Skills ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Managerial Positions

The physician is traditionally the head of the medical team. To be an effective and efficient team leader is not innate but requires acquiring some competencies. The medical school curriculum was deficient in this regard hence the need for acquisition of these skills through training. Consequently, the present study aims to assess the influence of leadership competencies and Development Needs on the job performance of Physician Mangers. A cross-sectional survey was distributed among Physician Managers in various hospital types that were purposefully selected. Ten Physician Managers were also interviewed for in-depth information of skills they require to perform well. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the items of the questionnaire at 5% level of significance and to determine if a significant difference existed between groups of Physician managers. Results show that possessing the competencies; communication and relationship management, leadership and business skills and knowledge do influence the job performance of Physician Mangers. There was a significant difference between physicians that had formal training in management and those that had none in the communication and professionalism domains. Seven Physician Managers from different types of hospitals were interviewed, two of them females. They had been in managerial positions from 6months to 34 years. They all emphasised communication and leadership skills as important competencies for every physician manager. They all also suggested that management training must be introduced either during undergraduate or postgraduate training and that physician as head of the medical team require regular management update training.

AWARENESS ABOUT INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN GENERAL POPULATION OF RAWALPINDI AND ISLAMABAD

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Nadia Tariq ◽  
Tamkeen Jaffry ◽  
Rahma Fiaz ◽  
Abdul Majid Rajput ◽  
Sadaf Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Indoor air pollutants are increasingly being associated with respiratory illnesses leading to high degree of morbidity and mortality. There are not sufficient epidemiological studies from Pakistan which assess level of awareness of indoor air pollution resulting in respiratory diseases in population. Methods: This cross sectional survey was carried out on general population of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Sample size was 223 study subjects selected by non-probability convenient sampling. Knowledge of the study subjects was determined with regard to indoor air pollution, its effects on health and different sources of indoor air pollution with the help of a questionnaire. The influence of age, gender, educational status and socio economic status on the level of awareness was also analyzed. Results: Out of total 223 participants, 115 were males and108 females. Participants aware of indoor air pollution were 91.5% and adequate awareness about its sources was 80.7%. Those who knew indoor air pollution is detrimental to health were 95.1%. Awareness about building construction dust as source of indoor air pollution was maximum (84.8%). There was significant difference in awareness among participants with different monthly incomes and educational status and also between males and females. Conclusion: This study concludes that general population of Rawalpindi/Islamabad has fairly good awareness about sources of indoor air pollution. Use of harmful material causing indoor air pollution should be limited or substituted with better ones where possible.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zhang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Xi Bo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Shigatse city of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m. Subjects: Study participants included 2,642 adolescents aged 12-17 years selected from 6 schools using a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9.4%/5.4%/1.4% (China definition), 14.7%/4.4%/0.7% (IOTF definition), and 2.8%/5.7%/0.9% (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P >0.05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition, and in total sample according to the WHO definition (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.

scholarly journals Does a Comparison View Improve the Reliability of Staging Wrist Osteoarthritis?

Hand ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. L. ten Berg ◽  
Tessa Drijkoningen ◽  
Thierry G. Guitton ◽  
David Ring
Keyword(s):  
Survey Study ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Improve Reliability ◽  
Comparison View

Background: Radiological grading of wrist osteoarthritis associated with scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) can be difficult. A comparison radiograph of the contralateral healthy wrist and an educational training in the various SNAC stages may improve reliability. Our purposes were to evaluate the difference in the reliability: (1) between observers who rate SNAC wrists with and without a comparison radiograph; and (2) between observers who receive training prior to ratings and those who do not. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, 82 fully trained orthopedic or hand surgeons rated anteroposterior radiographs of 19 patient wrists following a scaphoid nonunion based on SNAC stages 0 to 4. Observers were randomized online in 4 groups: one group rated unilateral views without training, a second group unilateral views with training, a third group bilateral views without training, and a fourth group bilateral views with training. Training included a 1-page clarification of the SNAC stages. Interobserver agreement was calculated using kappa statistics. Results: There was no significant difference between agreement between observers who rated unilateral radiographs (κ = 0.55) and who rated bilateral radiographs (κ = 0.58) ( P = .14), nor between agreement between observers who received training (κ = 0.59) and who did not (κ = 0.54) ( P = .058). Conclusions: The use of an additional comparison view and/or training does not seem to be clinically relevant in SNAC staging. There is room for improvement in the way we assess patients with SNAC wrists.

scholarly journals Cost awareness of radiological studies among doctors at Universitas Academic Hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanyisa N. Mrwetyana ◽  
Jacques Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Gina Joubert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Training ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Awareness ◽  
Radiological Studies

Background: South Africa has high healthcare expenses. Improving cost-consciousness could decrease government expenditure on healthcare.Objectives: To determine cost awareness of radiological studies among doctors at a tertiary hospital. The objective was met by assessing the accuracy of cost estimation according to the level of training and speciality, whether participants had received prior education/training related to cost awareness and if they had a desire to learn more about the cost of radiological imaging.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six clinical departments at Universitas Academic Hospital using an anonymous questionnaire that determined doctors’ cost awareness of five radiological studies. Each radiological study was answered using six different cost ranges, with one correct option. Costs were based on the Department of Health’s 2019 Uniform Patients Fee Schedule (UPFS).Results: In total, 131 (67.2%) of 195 questionnaires distributed to registrars and consultants were returned. Overall, low accuracy of cost estimation was observed, with 45.2% of the participants choosing only incorrect options. No participant estimated all five costs correctly. Only the Internal Medicine clinicians demonstrated a significant difference between registrars and consultants for the number of correct answers (median 0 and 1, respectively) (p = 0.04). No significant differences were found between specialities stratified by registrars/consultants. Most participants (88.6%) would like to learn about imaging costs. Only 2.3% of the participants had received prior education/training related to cost awareness of radiological studies.Conclusion: Doctors were consistently inaccurate in estimating the cost of radiological studies. Educating doctors about the cost of radiological imaging could have a positive effect on healthcare expenditure.

scholarly journals Assessment of Attitudes and Practices Related to Social Media Usage among Dental Practitioners in their Dental Practice in Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad City: A Cross-sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
Tanushri Dalvi ◽  
Shrivardhan Kalghatgi ◽  
Samruddhi Metha ◽  
Amol Karagir ◽  
Madhuri Sale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Information And Communication

Background: In the last few decades, information and communication technology in social media has brought tremendous changes in the whole business, educational and political system; Dentistry is not an exception. The rise of social media has transformed how health professionals interact with their patients and deliver different types of health care services. Aim: To assess the attitudes and practices related to social media usage among dental practitioners in Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad city. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among all dental practitioners in Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad city, Maharashtra, India. The questionnaire consisted of first part with socio-demographic variables like age, gender, years of experience and area of expertise and second part to assess attitudes and practices towards social media usage. Results: Among total of 138 dental practitioners, majority (68.1%) were belonging to age of 36-44 years followed by those above 45 years of age (17.4%). Around 49.3% dental practitioners were practicing dentistry since less than 5 years. Gender wise comparison showed no significant difference between attitudes and practices for social media usage. Although significant difference was found for question 3, 6 and 11 for P < 0.05. Conclusion: There has been wide adoption of social media among dental practitioners and shows no significant difference with different genders for both attitudes and practices.

scholarly journals Bedside ultrasound education in Canadian medical schools: A national survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e78-e86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Steinmetz ◽  
Octavian Dobrescu ◽  
Sharon Oleskevich ◽  
John Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Bedside Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Ultrasound Education ◽  
Current Characteristics

Background: This study was carried out to determine the extent and characteristics of bedside ultrasound teaching in medical schools across Canada.Methods: A cross-sectional, survey-based study was used to assess undergraduate bedside ultrasound education in the 17 accredited medical schools in Canada. The survey, consisting of 19 questions was pilot-tested, web-based, and completed over a period of seven months in 2014.Results:  Approximately half of the 13 responding medical schools had integrated bedside ultrasound teaching into their undergraduate curriculum. The most common trends in undergraduate ultrasound teaching related to duration (1-5 hours/year in 50% of schools), format (practical and theoretical in 67% of schools), and logistics (1:4 instructor to student ratio in 67% of schools). The majority of responding vice-deans indicated that bedside ultrasound education should be integrated into the medical school curriculum (77%), and cited a lack of ultrasound machines and infrastructure as barriers to integration.Conclusions: This study documents the current characteristics of undergraduate ultrasound education in Canada.

scholarly journals A Study on Emotional Intelligence among School Going Adolescents in Kolkata

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Bikash Chandra Ghorai ◽  
Samayita Kundu ◽  
Sunil Santra
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Understanding Emotions

The aim of the present study is to determine the level of emotional intelligence of school going adolescents; and to compare the emotional intelligence and its four dimensions/sub-factors i.e., understanding emotions, understanding motivation, empathy and handling relation of school going adolescents with respect to their gender, grade and board pattern of education. The present study was carried out on 288 higher secondary school students selected as sample from six schools of three different boards of education (viz. two WBCHSE, two CBSE and two ICSE) of Kolkata district in West Bengal using convenient sampling technique. This research is cross-sectional survey type study. The measuring tool in this research originally was of two-point emotional intelligence scale entitled as ‘Emotional Intelligence Scale (ESI – SANS) of Dr. A. K. Singh and Dr. S. Narain [1] which was translated in Bengali version by B. C. Ghorai and L. L. Mohakud [2]. After the initial exploratory analysis of the data, different statistical (descriptive and inferential) techniques are used to analyze the data set via SPSS 20. Results of the study revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in emotional intelligence and it’s sub-factors of school going adolescent with respect to their gender grade and board pattern of education. The findings provide a further need on how to more improve upon the emotional intelligence of school going adolescent. Implications and recommendations for developing emotional intelligence school going adolescent are discussed.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EDUCATION ON STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Mariana Tumin ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Zulkifli Jantan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Stigma

People with mental illness often encounter stigma and discrimination. Mental illness-related stigma and discrimination represent the enormous obstacles that stand in the way of delivering mental health care. Little is known about stigma and discrimination toward mental illness in rural Sarawak. Thus, this study aimed to identify the stigma and discrimination towards mental illness among Sarawak’s rural community and the factors affecting them. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 840 respondent adults aged 21 and above. A validated Community Attitude towards Mental Illness (CAMI) and Discrimination towards Mental Illness questionnaire was used for data collection. A Two-way Multiple Analysis of Covariance (Two-way MANCOVA) test was carried out to determine how much gender and education level influence stigma and discrimination towards mentally ill patients. Analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference of standardised stigma and discrimination scores with education level (p<.001), but not with gender (p>.05). Age had a positive linear effect on both stigma and discrimination, whereas experience with mentally ill patients negatively affected both stigma and discrimination. Individuals with a lower level of education, older in age, and lesser experience in dealing with the mentally ill would have a higher level of stigma and discrimination towards mental illness. Thus, targeted and practical strategies need to be organised and implemented to combat mental illness-related stigma and discrimination.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Change in the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Between High and Low Prevalence Areas of White Nile State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungman Cha ◽  
Sung-Tae Hong ◽  
Jin-Su Lee ◽  
Hoo Gn Jeong ◽  
In-Sun Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Nile

This study aimed to investigate whether mass drug administration (MDA) intervention has an equivalent effect on reducing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection regardless of the baseline values. A repeated cross-sectional survey was performed targeting students of 12 primary schools in Al Jabalain and El Salam districts of White Nile State, Sudan, at both 1 week before and 8 months after the MDA. Prior to the baseline survey, school-aged children in Al Jabalain had received MDA interventions twice in 4 years, while those in El Salam had not. The baseline prevalence was 9.1% in Al Jabalain and 35.2% in El Salam, which were reduced to 1.8% and 5.5% at 8 months after the MDA, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 80.3% and 84.4%, not significant difference between both districts. However, changes in the geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts were significantly different between both districts. The baseline GMIs were 14.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam, which were reduced to 7.1 and 11.2 EP10 after treatment, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 51.0% and 39.5%. In conclusion, MDA interventions were found to bring about similar relative reduction in prevalence regardless of the baseline value; however, the relative reduction in infection intensity was more salient in the district with a low baseline value for both prevalence and intensity. This clearly points to the importance of repeated MDA interventions in endemic areas, which will eventually contribute to schistosomiasis elimination.

Performance Appraisal Practices and Teachers' Job Performance in Private Universal Secondary Schools in Manafwa District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Fred Wamimbi ◽  
Muhammadi Bisaso
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Head Teachers

The study examined the effect of performance appraisal practices on teachers’ job performance, and sought to investigate the effect of 1) target setting 2) performance monitoring and 3) employee feedback on teachers’ job performance. A cross-sectional survey design with a mixed-method approach was adopted. The target population of the study was composed of 211 respondents spread across four private universal secondary schools; 207 teachers and four head teachers; and a sample size of 189 respondents with 185 teachers and four head teachers selected using a simple random sampling approach coupled with a fish-bowl technique, while census inquiry was adopted to select head teachers. A self-designed closed-ended questionnaire was administered to collect data from teachers while an interview guide was adopted to collect data from head teachers. The CVI obtained for the instrument was .90 and a reliability index of 931 Cronbach alpha co-efficient. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and simple regression. Findings indicate that target setting (β = 0.375, p< 0.05), performance monitoring (β = 0.435, p< 0.05) and employee feedback (β = 0.375, p< 0.05) had very strong significant effect on teachers’ job performance. The study concludes that performance appraisal practices can significantly aid teachers’ job performance in private USE schools if well handled in terms of comprehensiveness, clarity and timeliness. It recommends that target setting should involve teachers and their individual differences be reflected; academic meetings should be held monthly and performance support should be extended to teachers; whilst feedback given to teachers ought to be timely, comprehensive and interactive.

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