scholarly journals Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zhang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Xi Bo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Shigatse city of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m. Subjects: Study participants included 2,642 adolescents aged 12-17 years selected from 6 schools using a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9.4%/5.4%/1.4% (China definition), 14.7%/4.4%/0.7% (IOTF definition), and 2.8%/5.7%/0.9% (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P >0.05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition, and in total sample according to the WHO definition (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity and overweight among urban adults in Bulgaria

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumdila Ivanova ◽  
Plamen Dimitrov ◽  
Jocilyn Dellava ◽  
Daniel Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Information ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of obesity is increasing in transitional countries, but extensive data on some countries, such as Bulgaria, are still lacking. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, relative to gender and income, among adults in Sofia, Bulgaria.DesignCross-sectional survey to collect data on diet, health, BMI and income using a brief questionnaire on diet and income. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance to determine differences within and between income and gender groups.SettingSofia, Bulgaria.SubjectsAdults living in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria.ResultsFor adults 30–60 years of age, 35·1 % were overweight and 6·2 % were obese. The proportion of overweight and obesity was higher among men than women (44·8 % v. 32·4 % and 6·0 % v. 4·7 %, respectively). With respect to income, BMI decreased as income increased. For men, BMI was highest for the lowest and highest income groups, whereas for women lower income was associated with a higher BMI.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be an emerging problem in some sectors of Bulgarian society, based on our data from the largest urban area of the country. These data provide new information on the divergence in health and disease risk in a country that is still economically challenged and may be facing the nutrition transition.

Use Of Tobacco And Related Products In Adolescents Of An English Medium School, Belgaum- A Cross Sectional Questionnaire Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
N Navik ◽  
SS Billur ◽  
MA Tejashiwini ◽  
V Sanglikar ◽  
A Dhyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
The City ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Harmful Effects

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Majority of adults are aware of health hazards of tobacco, children and adolescents continue to get exposed to tobacco and many develop cancer in later years. AIM To document the smoking and tobacco consumption habits in adolescents in an English Medium school of age group between 17-18 years in the city of Belgaum. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire to document the smoking and tobacco consumption among representative sample of 40 adolescent students selected by cluster sampling method. RESULTS In the School, 10% of students were using tobacco and cigarettes, 90% of students were not using them, 92.5% of students were aware of harmful effects of tobacco, supari and smoking, 92.5% of students saw other children using tobacco. CONCLUSION Health education should be given at school level to raise awareness about the use of tobacco, its related products and its consequences.

scholarly journals Factors associated with overweight in children in Rasht, Iran: gender, maternal education, skipping breakfast and parental obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshen Maddah ◽  
Bahareh Nikooyeh
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the determinants of overweight and obesity among 6- to 11-year-old schoolchildren in Rasht, Iran.DesignCross-sectional survey. Data on age, weekly frequency of skipping breakfast, physical activity and hours of television viewing were collected. Information on birth weight, parental age, parental educational levels, parental weight and height, and mother’s employment status were gathered through self-administrated questionnaires given to the parents.SettingElementary schools in Rasht.SubjectsA total of 6635 children (3551 boys and 3084 girls) attending elementary schools in Rasht were studied.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight was 11·5 % and 15·0 % for boys and girls, respectively; while the overall prevalence of obesity was 5·0 % and 5·9 %, respectively. Children with more educated mothers had a higher prevalence of overweight than children with less educated mothers. Logistic regression analysis showed that children with overweight/obese parents, children with more educated mothers and children who often skipped breakfast were more prone to overweight and obesity.ConclusionsThese data suggest that overweight and obesity is a public health concern in this age group in Rasht. The observed sex and social differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity call for policy makers’ attention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people in Great Britain

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A Jebb ◽  
Kirsten L Rennie ◽  
Tim J Cole
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Young People ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in British young people (4–18 years) in 1997.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people.Setting:Great Britain.Subjects:Nationally representative sample of 1836 young people (age 4–18 years).Results:The prevalence of obesity based on body mass index (weight/height2) and the International Obesity Task Force cut–offs was 4.0%, with a further 15.4% identified as overweight. Asians were almost four times as likely to be obese as white subjects (13.6 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001). Among white subjects there was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between girls and boys, or with age. The risk of obesity was significantly higher in subjects from social classes IV and V than from social classes I–III (6.5 vs. 2.7%, P = 0.003). Subjects living in Scotland and Wales were significantly more likely to be obese than those in England (7.6 and 6.5 vs. 2.9%, respectively, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression showed that, among white subjects, those in social classes IV and V living in Wales and Scotland were three times more likely to be obese than the other children in the survey (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1–9.8).Conclusion:These data provide information on the national prevalence of overweight and obesity in Great Britain and baseline data from which to monitor future trends. This analysis provides important demographic information on those most at risk of obesity, which may be used to inform public health strategies to prevent obesity in young people.

scholarly journals Keefektifan Konseling Kelompok Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Tembang Macapat Sinom untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi Generasi Milenial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Mahmuddah Dewi Edmawati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

<div><p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> <span lang="EN-US">Resiliensi merupakan kemampuan yang penting untuk dimiliki remaja, dikarenakan tanpa adanya resiliensi maka remaja akan kesulitan dalam menjalani hidup yang berakibat tidak bisa mengaktualisasikan diri, prestasi diri tidak optimal dan cenderung menjadi pribadi yang pesimistis bahkan dapat menderita depresi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan resiliensi generasi Z melalui konseling kelompok berbasis Kearifan Lokal Tembang Macapat Sinom. Tembang macapat sinom berasal dari Jawa Tengah yang kaya akan falsafah kehidupan yaitu menjalani masa muda dengan penuh semangat, tegar, sabar dan pantang menyerah dalam menuntut ilmu, berkarya dan menjalani kehidupan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan konseling kelompok mendukung adanya perubahan resiliensi siswa yang rendah menjadi lebih tinggi yang ditandai dengan penerimaan dan adaptasi diri saat dihadapkan dengan tekanan dari dalam diri individu maupun dari luar diri individu. Adanya dinamika kelompok mendukung adanya perubahan anggota kelompok karena adanya kesempatan saling bertukar pikiran, berdiskusi, saling memotivasi dan saling membantu dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis pendekatan metode <em>pre-experimental design</em> dengan menggunakan <em>one group pretest-posttest</em> <em>design</em>. Subyek penelitian adalah remaja Jawa berusia 15-20 tahun yang sesuai dengan kriteria tahap perkembangan remaja (gen Z) yang ditetapkan sesuai fokus penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian wilcoxon diperoleh hasil Z hitung sebesar sebesar -2,807 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,022 yang artinya konseling kelompok berbasis kearifan lokal tembang macapat sinom efektif untuk meningkatkan resiliensi generasi Z.</span></p></div><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. <em><span lang="EN-US">Academic dishonestyis behavior deviating from academic rules carried out by students at various levels of education to get good test results or recognition of their academic assignments by cheating, plagiarism, cooperating in exam fraud, or falsifying data. This article aims to explore and determine the level of student academic dishonestyduring the Covid-19 pandemic seen from differences in gender, grade level and age. The research method used is a survey with a type of cross sectional survey design involving 493 vocational high school students who were selected using cluster sampling technique.. The research data collection instrument uses an academic dishonestyscale. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, t-test and Anova test. The results of the study prove that vocational high school students have a level of academic dishonestyin the medium category. Furthermore, this study found that seen from the gender differences, male students had a higher level of academic dishonestythan female students. The same thing also happens when viewed from each indicator of academic dishonesty. In terms of class differences and age differences, it shows that there is no significant difference between grade 10 and grade 12 students and students aged 15, 16, 17, 18 in the level of academic dishonesty. Further discussion is discussed in this article.</span></em></p>

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19 among nurses, ward attendants, and housekeeping staff at a tertiary psychiatric institute in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5035
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar Mahato ◽  
Sunilkumar Suryavanshi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychiatric Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants

Background: The world health organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic on 11th March 2020. As this is a novel illness, thus knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to the pandemic is a new area of research. KAP in a non-COVID facility, such as a psychiatric institution is rare.Methods: Cross-sectional survey with purposive sampling, conducted at central institute of psychiatry, Ranchi, India. A sample of 235 healthcare workers consisting of nurses, wards attendants, and housekeeping staff took part in the study. Participants completed a 36-item questionnaire assessing their KAP related to COVID-19.Results: 79.42% of healthcare workers in this study had adequate knowledge of COVID-19 symptomatology, transmission, management, and preventive measures. 89.79% were confident that India would win the battle against COVID-19. 35.32% fear to work in a hospital, but on the other hand, 80.85% of healthcare staff considered coming to work as part of their duty. Good practices like wearing a mask before leaving home and practicing proper cough hygiene were observed. The significant difference found in KAP among the three groups. Spearman’s correlation was significant between age, level of education of the participants with the KAP.Conclusions: The study suggests increased attention is required towards the training of the healthcare workers to enhance their knowledge and attitude so that the practices can be improved.

PERBEDAAN INSIDENSI DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DAN HBA1C PADA POPULASI TERPAPAR-TIDAK TERPAPAR EMISI PABRIK SEMEN PADANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Prima Adelin ◽  
Rismawati Yaswir ◽  
Zelly Dia Rofinda ◽  
Rizanda Machmud ◽  
Husna Yetti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Dm Type 2

Background: Cement factory emission disrupt blood glucose control through insulin resistance mechanism, thus increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2). Aim: Aim of this study is to determine incidence’s differences of DM type 2 and mean HbA1c patients with DM type 2 within population exposed and unexposed cement Padang factory emission. Method: This was a cross sectional analytic study with cluster sampling that conducted on June-December 2015 with 129 and 125 participant from exposed and unexposed areas. Age of participants are 20-79 years old. Incidence is total new cases per total sample in exposed or unexposed area. HbA1c were measured with immunoturbidimetry method. Data were analyzed by chi-squared test to asses differences of two proportions and t test to asses differences of two averages. Results: The incidence DM type 2 are 3,9% and 7,2% respectively in exposed and unexposed areas, without significant difference (p>0,05). The mean HbA1c patients DM type 2 are 10,0(2,4)% and 8,8(1,6)% in exposed and unexposed areas, without significant difference (p>0,05). Conclusions: There were no significant differences incidence of DM type 2 and  mean HbA1c patients DM type 2 in the populations exposed and unexposed cement Padang factory emission. Cohort studies is required to see the effects of cement factory emission

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in estimating overweight and obesity in South African children

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet K. Moselakgomo ◽  
Marlise Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Background: Prevalence of obesity in youths has drastically increased in both industrialised and non-industrialised countries, and this transition resulted in an increased prevalence of chronic diseases.Aim: The study aimed to comparatively examine prevalence of overweight and obesity status based on tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in estimating body fat levels in South African children.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1361 (boys: n = 678; girls: n = 683) children aged 9–13 years was undertaken. The children’s age and sex-related measurements of body weight, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfolds and sum of skinfold were taken using the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. TMI and BMI calculations classified children according to weight and age categories. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were set at ≤ 0.05.Results: Obesity classifications on TMI and BMI among children were as follows: Boys: 7.3%, 2.6%; 2.2%, 0.7%; Girls: 4.0%, 1.0%; 1.8%, 0.6%. Body weight, WHtR, WHpR, TSKF, SSKF and ΣSKF significantly correlated with TMI (r = 0.40, p 0.001; r = 0.73, p 0.001; r = −0.09, p 0.001; r = 0.50, p 0.001; r = 0.51, p 0.001 and r = 0.52, p 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.81, p 0.001; r = 0.59, p 0.001; r = −0.22, p 0.001; r = 0.63, p 0.001; r = 0.67, p 0.001 and r = 0.66, p 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that body weight, WHtR, WHpR, TSKF, SSKF and ΣSKF accounted for 65% and 85% of variance in children’s TMI (R2 = 0.647, F[6 1354] = 413.977, p 0.001) and BMI (R2 = 0.851, F[6 1354] = 1288.218, p 0.001).Conclusion: TMI revealed strikingly higher incidence of overweight and obesity in South African boys and girls than BMI. Future studies are needed to clarify sensitivity of TMI over BMI in quantifying obesity prevalence in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals The prevalence of obesity among female teachers of child-bearing age in Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (58) ◽  
pp. 7820-7839
Author(s):  
RA Pobee ◽  
◽  
WB Owusu ◽  
WA Plahar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Obesity has increasingly become a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. In Ghana, the prevalence of obesity has been found to be high particularly among women. The rising trend of obesity in Ghana is worrying as studies have shown an increased risk of morbidity, disability and mortality associated with obesity. This study examined the prevalence of obesity among Ghanaian teachers of child-bearing age. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 400 female teachers between the ages of 18 and 49 years from two sub-metropolitan areas in Accra District, Ghana. A questionnaire was used to gather information on the socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), alcohol intake, physical activity and food intake. Appropriate statistical methods were used to determine the association between variables. The mean age, BMI and WHR were 35.9 ± 8.2 years, 27.2±5.3 kgm-2 and 0.79±0.07 respectively. About 34% of the women were overweight while 27% were found to be obese with 17.8% centrally-obese. The WHR ratio, however, classified majority (57%) of the women as low risk. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and WHR with age. This means that as women aged, both BMI and WHR increased. The prevalence of obesity for a woman above 35years was about four times higher than the prevalence among the younger age group (<25years) and two times higher than that of the middle age group (26-35years). This study found that at any age group underweight, overweight and obesity co-existed. Socioeconomic variables such as marital status, income and parity showed a positive association with BMI and waist circumference. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was observed to be low among respondents. This study recommends that measures such as healthy eating guidelines supported by vigorous physical activities should be put in place in schools to help teachers maintain healthy body weights (BMI 19-25) in order to prevent the risk of obesity and its related life threatening effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Libyan Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lemamsha ◽  
G. Randhawa ◽  
C. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Libya is following the trend observed in developing countries of steadily becoming more obese, such that obesity in Libya has reached epidemic proportions in the twenty-first century. The prevalence of obesity in Libya has more than doubled in the last three decades, with the numbers of overweight and obese adults being continuing to grow. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyan men and women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Libyan population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 401 Libyan adults randomly from the Benghazi electoral register. Qualified nurses were allocated to take anthropometric measurements (including visceral fat and Body Mass Index (BMI)) from participants using the Segmental Body Composition Analyser and a portable Stadiometer. The response rate achieved in this cross-sectional study was 78%. Four hundred and one Libyan adult, aged 20-65 years, participated; 253 were female (63%). The prevalence of obesity, overweight, and normal weight among Libyan adults was 42.4%, 32.9%, and 24.7%, respectively. The results also revealed that approximately 75.3% of Libyan adults were overweight and obese, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women was significantly higher than that in men (the prevalence of overweight was 33.2% in women compared to 32.4% in men, while the prevalence of obesity was 47.4% in women compared to 33.8% in men, respectively). The findings of this study confirmed that obesity and overweight are the fastest growing issues and have become one of the most serious public health challenges confronting the Libyan authorities. As the obesity epidemic in Libya continues to escalate, with a complete absence of prevention interventions to reduce obesity, more research is desperately needed to follow the trend of gender difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyans adults across the Libyan state to improve the effective interventions for preventing obesity.

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