scholarly journals The Role of Entrepreneurship Activity in Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Jaymin Sanchaniya ◽  
◽  
Ineta Geipele ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
General Expectation ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a summary of the literature on the significance and importance of entrepreneurship to economic growth and development. Entrepreneurship has been shown to have been seen to lead to an overall optimistic development in many economic data. There is a general expectation that this inquiry would address the question of whether there is a correlation between the entrepreneurial enterprise and economic growth. In countries with various economic groups, different citizens are classed due to how much wealth they have. The data used in this paper were extracted from the World Bank, the World Entrepreneurship Monitor (WEM) over the last five years, and the World Economic Forum has a Database of Worldwide businesses. However, in low-middle- and middle-income nations, growth-oriented entrepreneurship is associated with economic progress. Analysis of various countries and different levels of economic growth, so it can be claimed that entrepreneurship serves a special position.

scholarly journals The efficiency of public expenditure and economic growth in the countries of the Western Balkans

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Prole ◽  
Dragana Petković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The countries of the Western Balkans are facing a number of challenges. One of the most acute ones, certainly, is improving the efficiency of public expenditure. Having this in mind, the main research objective of the paper is to present the interdependence between public expenditure and economic growth in the Western Balkans. In addition, the analysis is focused on the efficiency of public expenditure in the group of the above-stated countries, as well as the relationship between the size of public expenditure and its efficiency in these countries. Data from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum were used for the analysis. The results reveal that this interdependence in the countries of the Western Balkans, in addition to different intensity, has a different direction.

ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINE'S HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN WORLD RATINGS IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Nochka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The University

The article is devoted to the analysis tools for assessing human capital based on world rankings in the context of sustainable development. The most famous world rankings of human capital, studied by such international organizations as the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Economic Forum, the University of Groningen in collaboration with the University of California at Davis and others, are considered. Quantifying human capital as the economic and social value of a skill set is measured through an index. Each organization makes measurements according to its own method. The application of different criteria and indicators for assessing human capital at the macroeconomic level is analyzed. The considered assessment methodologies are overwhelmingly based on statistical approaches. Analyzed the position of Ukraine in the world rankings in recent years in dynamics. It has been confirmed that these international ratings can be considered as a reflection of the state of human capital in Ukraine. Revealed quite high rating positions of Ukraine in comparison with other countries. The results allow us to conclude that there is insufficient government funding for the development of human capital. It is concluded that Ukraine needs to improve the quality of human capital as a leading factor in increasing the efficiency of the country's economy in the context of sustainable development. The study showed that the use of high-quality, highly qualified human capital leads to an improvement in the country's position in the world rankings.

scholarly journals Global competitiveness divide and the middle-income-trap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Yaw Acheampong
Keyword(s):  
High Income ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Status ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Middle Income Trap

In recent times, the middle-income trap (MIT) has become a pertinent issue as economists, researchers and development practitioners continue seek answers to why the majority of middle-income countries find it difficult to advance to high-income status. There is still no consensus in literature as to the exact cause(s) and the solution to the MIT. The World Economic Forum posits that, the score of countries on the Global Competitive Index (GCI) 4.0 accounts for over 80% of the variation in income levels of countries. This suggests that the extent of global competitiveness of countries could potentially help them to escape the MIT. However, some competitiveness literature have identified an apparent competitiveness divide among countries. This paper therefore seeks to answer the following questions: how does middle-income countries differ from the high-income countries in terms of global competitiveness. The study utilises an independent samples t-test and effect size measures to examine the GCI 4.0 scores of 140 countries. The study finds a very large and significant competitiveness divide between the high and middle-income countries.

PERANAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN INVESTASI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM MEMACU PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soegeng Wahyoedi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Classic Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
New Growth Theory

<p>Entering the year of 1990s, the world economic growth was marked by the economic growth of Eastern Asian Countries reaching 7 percent per year on the average. Despite the economic crisis at the end of 1990s, these countries managed to grow. In reference the Classic Theory, the growth factors included supply side (production) whereas the Neo Classic Theory as its the follower introduced the role of human capital as the trigger of the economic growth i.e. New Growth Theory. Furthermore, several Neo Classic followers added that research and development were also the trigger of the economic growth.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan ekonomi, research and development, investasi sumber daya manusia.</p>

scholarly journals «Green» economy and the role of public-private partnership in financial support of its development

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Tolstolesova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

The article considers the role of public-private partnership in the development of the «green» economy. The author reveals the concept of «green» economy, justifies the importance of introducing «green» technologies that allow to move from a wasteful economic model to an environmentally friendly one. The main idea of the concept of «green» growth, which implies sustainable development without irreversible destruction of natural resources, is reflected. The author highlights the main directions of development of the «green» economy, which are widespread in most countries, including Russia. The expediency of using the mechanism of public-private partnership in the transition to the «green» economy model is justified. The problems of implementing environmental projects are highlighted, primarily due to insufficient financial resources, both from the state and private business. It was revealed that cooperation between the state and the private sector forms an effective mechanism for attracting investment aimed at ensuring «green» economic growth. It is noted that when implementing PPP projects aimed at «green» economic growth, three main sectors receive the greatest development: energy based on renewable sources; water supply and sanitation (Sewerage); solid waste management. These areas receive preferential financial support for projects around the world from the world Bank structures, as well as state support in Russia. The author analyzes PPP projects in these sectors funded by the world Bank and identifies priority areas. The features of similar PPP projects implemented in these three regions in Russia are considered. It is revealed that such projects have not yet become widespread, and those that are being implemented are aimed more at the reconstruction of previously created objects than at creating modern and more environmentally friendly ones.

An examination of the influence of business environments on the attraction of globally mobile self-initiated expatriates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ryan ◽  
Sari Silvanto
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
World Population ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

PurposeThis study examines which dimensions of a business environment are most important for attracting globally mobile self-initiated expatriates to a country. The authors use secondary data from the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, IMD and the World Population Review to test eight hypotheses involving six macro-contextual factors that prior studies suggest attract internationally mobile skilled professionals, such as self-initiated expatriates, to a country's business environment. The macro-contextual factors examined are socio-cultural, economic, natural, ecological, technological clusters and legal and regulatory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use secondary data from the World Bank, IMD, World Population Report and the World Economic Forum to test eight hypotheses concerning macro-contextual factors that attract self-initiated expatriates to a country's business environment.FindingsThe study finds that factors such as the ease of hiring foreign labor, the use of English, macroeconomic stability, the diversity of the workforce and the quality of life in a country positively influence the attractiveness of its business environment to self-initiated expatriates. The study also finds that a business environment's socio-cultural, natural, economic and legal and regulatory macro-contextual attributes make it attractive to self-initiated expatriates.Originality/valueTo reduce common source bias, the authors use secondary data from four sources to examine which of six macro-contextual factors make a sample of 63 national business environments attractive to self-initiated expatriates. This study is one of the few to examine the impact of business environments on global mobility.

scholarly journals The quality of port services – an important factor in port competition

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Nistor F
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Services Quality ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Very High

Considering that transport on water is used in very high proportion in international trade, the port industry is particularly important for economies of countries with coastlines. The role of ports for the national or even regional economies forces the stakeholders involved in port administration to manage the activities and services offered by ports carefully. An important aspect of the port industry that can be observed or even measured is the quality offered to customers. Customer perception regarding the quality of port infrastructures is an indicator measured annually by the World Economic Forum. By considering the processes in a port, this paper studies the components of quality, the role played by automation, digitization in the evolution of port services quality and how customer perception can ensure port competitiveness.

scholarly journals Do Human Resources Run Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence From Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Bilal Alam ◽  
Muhammad Niamat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Econometric Technique

This study analyzes the role of human capital in economic growth using data from 1981 to 2017. The data were taken from the World Bank (WDI) and the Economic Survey of Pakistan (Various Issues). It was scrutinized for stationarity of variables through ADF and an appropriate time series econometric technique of ARDL is applied for empirical analysis. The results suggest that both proxies of human capital, education, and health have positive impacts on the economic development of Pakistan. The study findings also suggest that government machinery may divert enough resources for the improvement of education and health services to accumulate human capital for achieving the desired goal of higher growth and development.

scholarly journals Gender inequality in the modern world. Based on the study of international organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Introduction. The article analyzes the results of two studies of international organizations “Women, business and law 2019: decade of reforms” conducted by experts of the World Bank with the involvement of external resources and the non-Governmental organization “World Economic Forum” in Davos, devoted to the study of the situation of gender inequality in the modern world.Materials and methods. The article provides theoretical and empirical analysis of the issues which concern ensuring equality of men and women in law, morality and social practice on the basis of analytical documents and research of international organizations, works of domestic and foreign scientists.The results of the study. The World Bank report shows that over the past decade, 274 reforms have been undertaken in 131 countries around the world to bring about changes in legislation that aim to increase gender equality.In the report of the World Economic Forum on this issue, experts took into account the situation of women in 149 countries.Women’s participation in politics remains the main issue according to the report.Discussion and conclusion. Research into the existing inequalities between men and women in public life highlights several facets of the problem.Firstly, the problem of creating gender within the framework of the socio-constructivist approach is actively discussed.Secondly, there is a production of gender differences in interactions in the public space.Thirdly, in scientific works much attention is paid to practical problems: gender division of labor, representation of women in the structures of power, the emerging structure of sexual and emotional relations, historical changes in structural patterns of behavior.The core of these studies is the search for ways to eliminate inequality in the status of men and women in public life on the basis of the basic UN human rights documents.The guidelines for this search are set by the UN Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW), adopted on December 18, 1979 by the UN.

scholarly journals The World Economic Forum in Davos: Poverty and Inequality of Income Distribution as Evil Phenomena of Modern World Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Perskaya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
World Economy ◽  
State Policies ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Expert Community

The subject of the research is the opinions of the expert community expressed during panel discussions at the World Economic Forum held in Davos in 2019 related to ways of eliminating poverty and disproportionality of income distribution in the world. The purpose of the research was to confirm the permanent commitment of the WEF expert community to the concept of neoliberalism, despite the fact that it was neoliberal values that exacerbated the development of poverty and disproportionality in income distribution as trends in the current global development. The research also proved the utopian nature of their recommendations for overcoming the negative phenomena. The position of the expert community at the World Economic Forum was reduced solely to the concept of the neoliberal mainstream — reducing the role of state regulation, establishment of global governance for a multilateral social contract at the level of an international organization capable of eliminating social inequality and income disproportionality in the world economy. Particular attention was paid to the lack of social elevators in developed and developing countries contributing to the poverty aggravation among the population. The documents of some international organizations indicate the need to intensify national state policies in the field of social support and social security. The paper discusses various aspects of national state policies in a number of countries aiming to gradually smooth out the level of social security of citizens along with supporting the middle class as the basis for stable development. For the first time, the problem of enhancing the role of non-profit public organizations in overcoming the income disproportionality and eliminating extreme poverty and destitution, especially in developing countries, was addressed at the level of interstate discussion. However, involving the poor in the work of these organizations seems to be challenging because the sources for funding their activities are not defined. It is concluded that globalization is the determining trend in the development of the world economy; the basic problems of globalization include poverty and disproportionality of income distribution both at the inter- and intracountry levels; there is a possibility of concluding a public multilateral agreement accumulating measures taken at the supranational level. The living conditions of the middle class are deteriorating, their incomes are decreasing. The USA policy “Make America great again” is aimed at raising the living standards of the middle class, i.e. the idea of the problem solution on the multinational basis is being rejected; the access to education, formation of social elevators, including those for young people, establishment of social protection systems, etc. are still beyond the attention of national governments in developed countries.

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