scholarly journals The efficiency of public expenditure and economic growth in the countries of the Western Balkans

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Prole ◽  
Dragana Petković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The countries of the Western Balkans are facing a number of challenges. One of the most acute ones, certainly, is improving the efficiency of public expenditure. Having this in mind, the main research objective of the paper is to present the interdependence between public expenditure and economic growth in the Western Balkans. In addition, the analysis is focused on the efficiency of public expenditure in the group of the above-stated countries, as well as the relationship between the size of public expenditure and its efficiency in these countries. Data from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum were used for the analysis. The results reveal that this interdependence in the countries of the Western Balkans, in addition to different intensity, has a different direction.

scholarly journals The Role of Entrepreneurship Activity in Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Jaymin Sanchaniya ◽  
◽  
Ineta Geipele ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
General Expectation ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a summary of the literature on the significance and importance of entrepreneurship to economic growth and development. Entrepreneurship has been shown to have been seen to lead to an overall optimistic development in many economic data. There is a general expectation that this inquiry would address the question of whether there is a correlation between the entrepreneurial enterprise and economic growth. In countries with various economic groups, different citizens are classed due to how much wealth they have. The data used in this paper were extracted from the World Bank, the World Entrepreneurship Monitor (WEM) over the last five years, and the World Economic Forum has a Database of Worldwide businesses. However, in low-middle- and middle-income nations, growth-oriented entrepreneurship is associated with economic progress. Analysis of various countries and different levels of economic growth, so it can be claimed that entrepreneurship serves a special position.

ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINE'S HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN WORLD RATINGS IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Nochka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The University

The article is devoted to the analysis tools for assessing human capital based on world rankings in the context of sustainable development. The most famous world rankings of human capital, studied by such international organizations as the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Economic Forum, the University of Groningen in collaboration with the University of California at Davis and others, are considered. Quantifying human capital as the economic and social value of a skill set is measured through an index. Each organization makes measurements according to its own method. The application of different criteria and indicators for assessing human capital at the macroeconomic level is analyzed. The considered assessment methodologies are overwhelmingly based on statistical approaches. Analyzed the position of Ukraine in the world rankings in recent years in dynamics. It has been confirmed that these international ratings can be considered as a reflection of the state of human capital in Ukraine. Revealed quite high rating positions of Ukraine in comparison with other countries. The results allow us to conclude that there is insufficient government funding for the development of human capital. It is concluded that Ukraine needs to improve the quality of human capital as a leading factor in increasing the efficiency of the country's economy in the context of sustainable development. The study showed that the use of high-quality, highly qualified human capital leads to an improvement in the country's position in the world rankings.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Public Debt and Economic Growth in Albania and Other Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Eneida Përmeti Çifligu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Abstract The purpose of this study is the relationship between public debt and economic growth in Albania in post-dictatorships. Many authors have analyzed the mutual link between economic growth and public debt and the results and the methodologies are different in different countries and periods. Let’s see what data are specifically about these two indicators (provided by the Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Albania and the International Monetary Fund). Does the public debt performance affects the trend of the economic growth or not? I have mentioned what are the main events and phenomena in Albania, in Europe and in the World that have affected the Albanian economy. For these years, I have made comparisons with situations in other countries.

scholarly journals Análisis comparativo de la competitividad de las economías del Perú y Chile desde un enfoque global

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús C. Peña-Vinces ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Double Diamond ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Small economies, such as the Peruvian and Chilean, are immersed in the global arena of emergent economies, so evaluating them from a home based point of view (Porter, 1990) would be limited and of little use. This fact turns Porter’s national diamond framework insufficient for that purpose (Moon, Rugman and Verbeke, 1998). This paper analyzes these economies from a global view that would include local as well as foreign markets; in other words, it applies the International Competitiveness Double Diamond approach proposed by Moon, Rugman & Verbeke (1998), and Moon & Lee (2004). Information from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Economic Forum, the Inter-American Development Bank and other sources was gathered to draw up the double diamond. The empirical analyses show that Chile is more competitive globally, while Peru is locally. To sum up, the results imply that Chile is more attractive to direct foreign investment than Peru.

An examination of the influence of business environments on the attraction of globally mobile self-initiated expatriates

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ryan ◽  
Sari Silvanto
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
World Population ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

PurposeThis study examines which dimensions of a business environment are most important for attracting globally mobile self-initiated expatriates to a country. The authors use secondary data from the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, IMD and the World Population Review to test eight hypotheses involving six macro-contextual factors that prior studies suggest attract internationally mobile skilled professionals, such as self-initiated expatriates, to a country's business environment. The macro-contextual factors examined are socio-cultural, economic, natural, ecological, technological clusters and legal and regulatory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use secondary data from the World Bank, IMD, World Population Report and the World Economic Forum to test eight hypotheses concerning macro-contextual factors that attract self-initiated expatriates to a country's business environment.FindingsThe study finds that factors such as the ease of hiring foreign labor, the use of English, macroeconomic stability, the diversity of the workforce and the quality of life in a country positively influence the attractiveness of its business environment to self-initiated expatriates. The study also finds that a business environment's socio-cultural, natural, economic and legal and regulatory macro-contextual attributes make it attractive to self-initiated expatriates.Originality/valueTo reduce common source bias, the authors use secondary data from four sources to examine which of six macro-contextual factors make a sample of 63 national business environments attractive to self-initiated expatriates. This study is one of the few to examine the impact of business environments on global mobility.

The Effect of Democratization and Economic Freedom on Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Orkun Oral
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the impact of democratization and economic freedom on economic growth. For this purpose, according to the classification issued by the World Bank, three groups of countries, developed, developing, and underdeveloped, were included in the study. The impact of democratization and economic freedom on economic growth was tested by panel data analysis in the period of 1995-2012. As a result of the analysis, the relationship between democracy-economic freedom and economic growth has been different according to country groups. While there was a positive relationship between economic growth and democracy-economic freedom in developed and underdeveloped countries, a negative relationship was found in the developing country group.

scholarly journals THE TRANSITIONAL STATE OF THE WORLD MONETARY AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM: OPPORTUNITIES FOR RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-226
Author(s):  
SERGEI N. RYABUKHIN ◽  
◽  
MIKHAIL A. MINCHENKOV ◽  
SERGEI I. BELENCHUK ◽  
VERA V. VODYANOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Bank For International Settlements ◽  
Key Participants ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The article is devoted to the analysis of approaches to the assessment of the state of the world monetary and financial system by leading international financial organizations. The positions of the International Monetary Fund, the Bank for International Settlements and the World Economic Forum are presented, the program documents of these key participants of the world monetary and financial system are analyzed in detail and contradictions in the proposed solutions to overcome the crisis are identified. The authors note that in the current situation, when the key participants of the global monetary and financial system do not offer a single consolidated solution, Russia has an opportunity to strengthen its position on ensuring financial and economic security. To do this, it is proposed to create an investment reserve circuit based on commodity and currency reserves formed according to the author’s algorithm. The existing issue circuit, which operates according to the rules and norms of the world monetary and financial system, and the created investment circuit will form a national two-circuit monetary and financial system, interaction in which will be carried out with the help of the new financial instrument «calculated gold» proposed by the authors.

scholarly journals Gender inequality in the modern world. Based on the study of international organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Introduction. The article analyzes the results of two studies of international organizations “Women, business and law 2019: decade of reforms” conducted by experts of the World Bank with the involvement of external resources and the non-Governmental organization “World Economic Forum” in Davos, devoted to the study of the situation of gender inequality in the modern world.Materials and methods. The article provides theoretical and empirical analysis of the issues which concern ensuring equality of men and women in law, morality and social practice on the basis of analytical documents and research of international organizations, works of domestic and foreign scientists.The results of the study. The World Bank report shows that over the past decade, 274 reforms have been undertaken in 131 countries around the world to bring about changes in legislation that aim to increase gender equality.In the report of the World Economic Forum on this issue, experts took into account the situation of women in 149 countries.Women’s participation in politics remains the main issue according to the report.Discussion and conclusion. Research into the existing inequalities between men and women in public life highlights several facets of the problem.Firstly, the problem of creating gender within the framework of the socio-constructivist approach is actively discussed.Secondly, there is a production of gender differences in interactions in the public space.Thirdly, in scientific works much attention is paid to practical problems: gender division of labor, representation of women in the structures of power, the emerging structure of sexual and emotional relations, historical changes in structural patterns of behavior.The core of these studies is the search for ways to eliminate inequality in the status of men and women in public life on the basis of the basic UN human rights documents.The guidelines for this search are set by the UN Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW), adopted on December 18, 1979 by the UN.

scholarly journals Comparison of Gross Domestic Product Forecasts before and after the Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Afshari ◽  
Soheila Damiri
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Economic Outlook

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) publish annual reports on the world economic outlook. This study compared the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of different countries by these 2 institutions, before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The countries were selected from the 6 regions of Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Western Ocean. In order to be able to compare these countries, WB reports were selected as a model and then the corresponding economic data were extracted from the IMF.

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