scholarly journals Optimization of exopolysaccharide synthesys by medicinal fungus Trametes versicolor in submerged culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (30) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Galena Angelova ◽  
◽  
Elizabet Govedarova ◽  
Mariya Brazkova ◽  
Georgi Kostov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Medicinal Fungus ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Dynamic Cultivation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Defined Culture

The species Trametes versicolor refers to medicinal mushroom well known in traditional Asian medicine for over 2000 years. Due to the long time required for basidiocarp formation, attention has recently been given to the submerged cultivation method for the production of mycelial biomass and various bioactive components. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes versicolor are essential components possessing numerous functionalities and exhibiting potential medicinal applications. The subject of this investigation is higher fungus Trametes versicolor isolated from Bulgaria. Four well-defined culture media were studied to select the medium that maximizes production of EPS in submerged cultivation. The M3 was shown to provide the highest yields of EPS and was further investigated to optimize EPS production conditions. The initial glucose concentration was found to be the most important factor in both EPS production and cell growth. The maximum biopolymer quantity of 1.067 g/L was obtained at 40 g/L glucose. For examination and evaluation of the correlation between the carbon source and the complex influence of the nitrogen sources over the mycelial growth and the EPS synthesis and the optimization of the media orthogonal central composition design 23 with star arm ±α=1.454671 was applied. The experimental design was based on 21 combinations. Dynamic cultivation was carried out after the optimization of the media for determination of the effect of the duration of the cultivation process over the Trametes versicolor growth and EPS gain. Maximum EPS yield was observed after 216 hours.

Performance of Different Solid and Liquid Culture Media for the Improvement of Tuberculin Production

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Modified Media

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important zoonotic bacterial diseases. A huge economic loss which could be direct or indirect are associated with the disease. Currently, the primary methods used for detection of TB in humans and cattle include the measurement of a delayed type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD). So, the need for preparation of purified PPD with adequate properties and increasing the final PPD yield with decreasing the time of tuberculin production has stimulated the interest in the development of its preparation. Our study was performed to compare between the standard and modified media for improving tuberculin production. Middle brook 7H10 agar medium was used as a modified basic medium for mycobacterial growth, followed by cultivation of mycobacteria on Middle brook 7H9 broth medium. For the production, strains were inoculated onto the culture medium (Dorest Henly synthetic medium). Other steps for tuberculin production was done according to standard Weighbridge protocol. The results demonstrated that the using of both Middle brook 7H10 agar and Middle brook 7H9 broth instead of Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) and glycerin broth media which used in currently produced tuberculin, have better physical and chemical properties. In addition, reducing the time required for production by accelerating the time of microbial growth. Also, it was found that the tuberculin produced using modified media was slightly more potent or the same as currently tuberculin produced. So, both Middle brook 7H10 agar and Middle brook 7H9 broth media are recommended for production of tuberculin saving time and increasing potency of the product but more investigation was recommended for estimation types of protein present in both locally prepared and modified tuberculin.

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

scholarly journals The Roles of Porous Coral Sands in Initial Enrichment of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 525-532
Author(s):  
Qing Guo ◽  
Zao-he Wu ◽  
Ming-liang Qian ◽  
Binhe Gu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Media

The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of coral sands in the enrichment and isolation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). We hypothesized that the porous coral sands provided additional surface area and nutrients for the growth of periphytic AOB. In the present study, an orthogonal test was designed to compare the AOB conversion rates of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+N) to nitrite-nitrogen (NO2--N) among various combinations of culture media. Results showed that the conversion of NH4+N to NO2--N increased significantly when the coral sands were added, implying that coral sands were beneficial to the growth of AOB. Additions of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to the media became unnecessary when coral sands were used, but the addition of KH2PO4was needed when the molar nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio reached 10 in the enrichment media using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder as a calcium source.

Biochemical markers for pregnancy in the spent culture medium of in vitro produced bovine embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Marcella Pecora Milazzotto ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
Taynan Stonoga Kawamoto ◽  
Ligiane de Oliveira Leme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
The Media

Abstract The present study aimed to identify biomarkers to assess the quality of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos in the culture media. IVP embryos on Day (D) 5 of development were transferred to individual drops, where they were maintained for the last 48 h of culture. Thereafter, the medium was collected and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. After pregnancy diagnosis, the media were grouped into the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The metabolic profiles of the media were analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the concentrations of pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate were assessed using fluorimetry. The spectrometric profile revealed that the media from embryos from the pregnant group presented a higher signal intensity compared to that of the nonpregnant group; the ions 156.13 Da [M + H]+, 444.33 Da [M + H]+, and 305.97 Da [M + H]+ were identified as biomarkers. Spent culture medium from expanded blastocysts (Bx) that established pregnancy had a greater concentration of pyruvate (p = 0.0174) and lesser concentration of lactate (p = 0.042) than spent culture medium from Bx that did not establish pregnancy. Moreover, pyruvate in the culture media of Bx can predict pregnancy with 90.9% sensitivity and 75% specificity. In conclusion, we identified markers in the culture media that helped in assessing the most viable IVP embryos with a greater potential to establish pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Sequestrene 138 in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Micropropagation

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doina Clapa ◽  
Claudiu Bunea ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Adela Pintea ◽  
Monica Hârța ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dark Green

The current research was carried out to investigate the effects of iron source in the culture media for Vaccinium corymbosum L. ʻBluerayʼ, ʻDukeʼ, and ʻPatriotʼ cultivars grown on five different types of medium (Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 zeatin and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg·L−1 Sequestrene 138). After 10 weeks of culture, seven physiological parameters were measured, such as the number and length of axillary shoots, rooting and acclimatization percentage, as well as chlorophyll (a, b, a/b) and carotenoid content of the leaves. Adding Sequestrene 138 to the culture media led to a slight decrease of the proliferation rate but increased the length of the shoots. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content in all of the three cultivars was considerably increased as the iron concentration of the media increased. The shoots developed on the Sequestrene 138–free medium were chlorotic and short, whereas at different concentrations of iron in the culture medium the shoots were dark green and vigorous, providing a greater acclimatization success than those grown in iron-free medium.

Brown pigmentation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli associated with homogentisic acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Goodwin ◽  
C. R. Sopher
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Homogentisic Acid ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The diffusible brown pigment produced by some strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was found to be due to the secretion and subsequent oxidation of homogentisic acid (2, 5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) rather than tyrosinase activity as previously reported. Homogentisic acid is an intermediate in tyrosine catabolism for a number of bacteria. Brown-pigmented strains appeared to be disrupted in tyrosine catabolism and could not use tyrosine as a nutrient. Nonpigmented strains, however, could utilize tyrosine as a nutrient, and although they secreted homogentisic acid, the levels were approximately 1/100th that of brown-pigmented strains. Production of brown pigment was stimulated by tyrosine and repressed by glucose. Growth in glucose resulted in a drop in the pH of the media, and the greatest pigment formation was associated with a shift to alkaline conditions in the culture media. By buffering the media near pH 7.0, brown pigment formation was repressed, even though unoxidized homogentisic acid accumulated in the culture media. The disruption of tyrosine catabolism corresponds to other reports describing differences between brown-pigmented and nonpigmented strains, and provides further support for the retention of a special taxonomic status for the brown-pigmented strains.Key words: homogentisic acid, pigments, Xanthomonas, fuscans.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutritional Factors and Copper on the Regulation of Laccase Enzymes Production in Pleurotus ostreatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinary Durán-Sequeda ◽  
Daniela Suspes ◽  
Estibenson Maestre ◽  
Manuel Alfaro ◽  
Gumer Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Copper Transporter ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Laccase Genes ◽  
Response Variables

This research aimed to establish the relationship between carbon-nitrogen nutritional factors and copper sulfate on laccase activity (LA) by Pleurotus ostreatus. Culture media composition was tested to choose the nitrogen source. Yeast extract (YE) was selected as a better nitrogen source than ammonium sulfate. Then, the effect of glucose and YE concentrations on biomass production and LA as response variables was evaluated using central composite experimental designs with and without copper. The results showed that the best culture medium composition was glucose 45 gL-1 and YE 15 gL-1, simultaneously optimizing these two response variables. The fungal transcriptome was obtained in this medium with or without copper, and the differentially expressed genes were found. Main up-regulated transcripts included three laccase genes (lacc2, lacc6, and lacc10) regulated by copper, whereas the principal down-regulated transcripts included a copper transporter (ctr1) and a regulator of nitrogen metabolism (nmr1). These results suggest that Ctr1, which facilitates the entry of copper in the cell, is regulated by nutrient-sufficiency conditions. Once inside, copper induces transcription of laccase genes. This finding could explain why a 10 to 20-fold increase in LA occurs with copper compared to cultures without copper when using the optimal concentration of YE as nitrogen sources.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of fungal and bacterial proteolytic strains from chrome shavings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ferdes ◽  
Rodica Roxana Constantinescu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
The Media ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Leather Finishing

The chrome shavings waste obtained as a result of the leather finishing process accumulates in a large volume in tanneries and represent a major problem for the environment. This waste are particularly resistant to attack of microorganisms, due to the significant concentration of chromium and are thus difficult to degrade. In this study, chrome shavings were analyzed microbiologically by determining the total number of germs and the number of yeasts and molds on specific culture media. Several bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from the cultures in Petri dishes, after the growth of the colonies. These strains were characterized in terms of the production of proteolytic enzymes, by a method of screening on the media with casein, which allows the determination of proteolytic indices of microorganisms. As a result of the tests performed, five bacterial strains probably belonging to the genus Bacillus and two fungal strains from the genera Penicillium and Cladosporium were selected.

Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Nutritional Content Using Various Culture Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Ase Lestari ◽  
T.H Wahyuni ◽  
T.H Wahyuni ◽  
E. Mirwandhono ◽  
N. Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
The Media

Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is an insect that is environmentally friendly and can be mass produced and does not compete with humans. In addition, insect cultivation can reduce organic waste that has the potential to pollute the environment. Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has a high crude protein content of 42.1%. The length of the life cycle and the high and low nutrient content of the maggot are influenced by the maggot growing media used. In this study using EM4 as a bio-activator for fermentation of rice bran, coconut dregs, tofu dregs and palm kernel cake. The function of this fermentation is to increase the nutrients contained in this material which will later be used as a growing medium for maggot and maggot is one of the alternatives to feed protein sources from fish meal. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) 5 treatments and 4 replications, with the weight of each experimental unit the media content is 1 kg and filled with 1 g of BSF eggs and the media size is 37 cm long, 26 cm wide and 10 cm high. The parameters of this study consisted of maggot production and maggot nutritional content, namely moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates. Based on research results P0 (100% fermented rice bran) obtained an average maggot production of 525g, KA maggot 8,16%, KAb maggot 7,83%, PK maggot 44,82%, LK maggot 21,62% and 17.58% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P1 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented coconut dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 467.5g, KA maggot 9,57%, KAb maggot 9,03%, PK maggot 44,68%, LK maggot 20,51% and 16.20% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P2 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented tofu dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 545.25g, KA maggot 9,02%, KAb maggot 8,32%, PK maggot 44,74%, LK maggot 18,57% and 20.09% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P3 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 542g, KA maggot 9,16%, KAb maggot 9,22%, PK maggot 43,72%, LK maggot 19,87% and 18.02% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P4 (25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 831.5g, KA maggot 9,08%, KAb maggot 9,35%, PK maggot 44,38%, LK maggot 17,01% and 20.18% maggot carbohydrates respectively. From the research results, it can be concluded that the use of culture media with a combination of 25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented palm kernel meal is the best combination where the production reaches 831.5 g bsf and 20 carbohydrates. , 18% but could not increase moisture content, ash content, crude protein and crude fat.

Growth and Differentiation of Rabbit Blastocysts in Defined Culture Media

1983 ◽  
pp. 371-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Beier ◽  
U. Mootz ◽  
B. Fischer ◽  
R. Ströbele-Müller
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Defined Culture
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