scholarly journals Risk factors influencing the expansion of the epidemic process of hiv infection in the penitentiary system of the region with a high level of HIV prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
S. E. Kondratova ◽  
A. N. Marchenko ◽  
A. A. Beltikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
High Level

The Tyumen Region, being the largest one in the Ural Federal District in terms of territory, has a high level of HIV prevalence, particularly among those taken into custody. This group of people involves the maximum number of injecting drug users, men having sexual encounters with other men and sex workers. All acquired diseases including the diseases aggravated during the service of sentence become the problem of the expirees as well as the entire civil society. From an epidemiological perspective it is important to search for the risk factors which are active among the prisoner population serving their sentence in the region and which cause HIV progression with fatal outcome, taking into account their unequal significance among the prisoner population and the civilians.Object of research. 365 HIV-infected, deaths were identified, including: the study group — 222 prisoners, HlV-infected and died at the regional hospital of the Federal penitentiary service of Tyumen for the period 2008-2018; the control group - 143 civil (law-abiding) patients, HIV-infected and died at the Regional infectious diseases hospital for the period 2011-2018.Purpose of research. Identification and assessment of priority risk factors for the expansion of the epidemic process of HIV infection with a fatal outcome in the zone of high concentration of the risk group.Methods of research. The following methods have been used in this work: methods of epidemiological research, methods of mathematical modeling and forecasting, as well as the method, of logistic regression, of step-by-step inclusion with ROC analysis.Results. To assess the epidemiological situation in terms of the HIV infection prevalence in the prison area a long-term and intra-annual dynamics of the epidemic process expansion in the region have been studied along with assessment of the priority risk factors, trends, forecasting of the HIV infection expansion in the penitentiary system specifying the social significance and risks to the civilian population over a long period.

scholarly journals Factors that cause contagion and spread of HIV among people from social risk groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
S.O. Golodnova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Fel'dblyum ◽  
L.V. Yurkova ◽  
E.V. Sarmometov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Infection Spread

Despite all significant efforts being made by the public healthcare, state authorities, and public organizations, HIV-infection has been a topical issue over the last 30 years. Commercial sex workers (CSW) are a basic risk group when it comes down to this infection. Our research goal was to determine HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers and risk factors that cause their contagion with it. We performed an epidemiologic analytical ecologic examination to study HIV prevalence risk factors that cause spread of this infection among CSW. 154 CSW were questioned with a sociological procedure applied to do it; they lived in three cities in Perm region, and morbidity with HIV was higher than on average in the region in two of them, B. and K. The city P. was taken as a reference territory due to a relatively favorable situation with HIV infection spread there. Risk factors that caused HIV infection were determined via an observational analytical case-control study; the «case» group was made up of 46 CSW who were infected with HIV and the control group included 108 CSW who didn’t have this infection. All the obtained data were statistically processed with SPSS Statistics 17.0 and Statistica 6.0 software packages. HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers was rather different on the examined territories. It amounted to 42.6% and 35.0% in cities B. and K. and it was 2.3 and 1.9 times higher accordingly than in city P. It was detected that there were several factors making for HIV infection spread among CSW; they were high morbidity with HIV on a given territory; an early start of sexual life; disregard of contraception; drug abuse; medical services and prevention programs being hardly available to CSW. A high probability that CSW would get infected with HIV was determined for people who didn’t use condoms, took drugs intravenously, and were not epidemiologically alerted to HIV infection.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LETAL OUTCOME WITH THE DEFEAT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Daria D. Arutyunova ◽  
A. N. Gerasimov ◽  
M. N. Allenov ◽  
N. V. Maloletneva ◽  
O. Yu. Shabalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Mortality Probability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death in HIV patients. The purpose of our study is to assess risk factors of the fatal outcome development in HIV infection patients with tuberculosis using mathematical methods. A retrospective analysis of lethal cases was performed using statistical methods and multivariate models of the mortality probability in 113 HIV infection patients at the stage of secondary diseases with respiratory damage were calculated. While calculating the prognosis coefficients of the lethal outcome was established the higher the fibrinogen level at the moment of hospitalization is the better the patients’ prognosis, and the high level of other indicators increases the probability of the lethal outcome.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LETAL OUTCOME WITH THE DEFEAT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Daria D. Arutyunova ◽  
A. N. Gerasimov ◽  
M. N. Allenov ◽  
N. V. Maloletneva ◽  
O. Yu. Shabalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Mortality Probability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death in HIV patients. The purpose of our study is to assess risk factors of the fatal outcome development in HIV infection patients with tuberculosis using mathematical methods. A retrospective analysis of lethal cases was performed using statistical methods and multivariate models of the mortality probability in 113 HIV infection patients at the stage of secondary diseases with respiratory damage were calculated. While calculating the prognosis coefficients of the lethal outcome was established the higher the fibrinogen level at the moment of hospitalization is the better the patients’ prognosis, and the high level of other indicators increases the probability of the lethal outcome.

scholarly journals Factors that cause contagion and spread of HIV among people from social risk groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
S.O. Golodnova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Fel'dblyum ◽  
L.V. Yurkova ◽  
E.V. Sarmometov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Infection Spread

Despite all significant efforts being made by the public healthcare, state authorities, and public organizations, HIV-infection has been a topical issue over the last 30 years. Commercial sex workers (CSW) are a basic risk group when it comes down to this infection. Our research goal was to determine HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers and risk factors that cause their contagion with it. We performed an epidemiologic analytical ecologic examination to study HIV prevalence risk factors that cause spread of this infection among CSW. 154 CSW were questioned with a sociological procedure applied to do it; they lived in three cities in Perm region, and morbidity with HIV was higher than on average in the region in two of them, B. and K. The city P. was taken as a reference territory due to a relatively favorable situation with HIV infection spread there. Risk factors that caused HIV infection were determined via an observational analytical case-control study; the «case» group was made up of 46 CSW who were infected with HIV and the control group included 108 CSW who didn’t have this infection. All the obtained data were statistically processed with SPSS Statistics 17.0 and Statistica 6.0 software packages. HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers was rather different on the examined territories. It amounted to 42.6% and 35.0% in cities B. and K. and it was 2.3 and 1.9 times higher accordingly than in city P. It was detected that there were several factors making for HIV infection spread among CSW; they were high morbidity with HIV on a given territory; an early start of sexual life; disregard of contraception; drug abuse; medical services and prevention programs being hardly available to CSW. A high probability that CSW would get infected with HIV was determined for people who didn’t use condoms, took drugs intravenously, and were not epidemiologically alerted to HIV infection

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Victor A. Ognev ◽  
Anna A. Podpriadova ◽  
Anna V. Lisova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among female sex workers in Rwanda

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1082-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwumvaneza Mutagoma ◽  
Malamba S Samuel ◽  
Catherine Kayitesi ◽  
Antoine R Gasasira ◽  
Bassirou Chitou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is often high among female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the dynamics of HIV infection in this key population is critical to developing appropriate prevention strategies. We aimed to describe the prevalence and associated risk factors among a sample of FSWs in Rwanda from a survey conducted in 2010. A cross-sectional biological and behavioral survey was conducted among FSWs in Rwanda. Time–location sampling was used for participant recruitment from 4 to 18 February 2010. HIV testing was done using HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) as per Rwandan national guidelines at the time of the survey. Elisa tests were simultaneously done on all samples tested HIV-positive on RDT. Proportions were used for sample description; multivariable logistic regression model was performed to analyze factors associated with HIV infection. Of 1338 women included in the study, 1112 consented to HIV testing, and the overall HIV prevalence was 51.0%. Sixty percent had been engaged in sex work for less than five years and 80% were street based. In multivariable logistic regression, HIV prevalence was higher in FSWs 25 years or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.83, 95% [confidence interval (CI): 1.42–2.37]), FSWs with consistent condom use in the last 30 days (aOR = 1.39, [95% CI: 1.05–1.82]), and FSWs experiencing at least one STI symptom in the last 12 months (aOR = 1.74 [95% CI: 1.34–2.26]). There was an inverse relationship between HIV prevalence and comprehensive HIV knowledge (aOR = 0.65, [95% CI: 0.48–0.88]). HIV prevalence was high among a sample of FSWs in Rwanda, and successful prevention strategies should focus on HIV education, treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and proper and consistent condom use using an outreach approach.

scholarly journals Sentinel Surveillance for HIV Among People who Inject Drugs, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Thang Nghia Hoang ◽  
Duoc Tho Pham ◽  
Ha Thi Thu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV remains a public health challenge, especially among people who inject drug (PWID). The HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS), together with the HIV/AIDS case reporting, are two core components of the HIV/AIDS surveillance system providing systematic, on-going monitoring of HIV epidemic in Viet Nam. The HSS was first conducted in 1994 to determine HIV prevalence among the high-risk group by collecting blood sample. But in 2009, this system was monitored the risk behaviors by addition of a brief behavioral questionnaire, known as HSS+. In Central Highland, the HIV situation in Gia Lai province has primarily affected PWID, which are main criteria to select into the surveillance system.Aims: This study aims to determine risk factors for HIV infection to improve intervention programs for PWID in Gia Lai province, Vietnam.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 150 randomly selected PWID from June to September 2014 in Gia Lai province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information regarding drug use, sexual behavior, accessibility of HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services. Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of HIV antibodies using ELISA and rapid test. For data analysis, the frequencies and proportions were calculated. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the association between risk factors and HIV infection.Results: We identified 14 infections among 150 PWID (prevalence = 9.3%). Among PWID, 22.7% (34/150) had shared needles and 3 HIV prevalence among PWIDs injecting drug for at least 3 years was 2.4%. HIV prevalence among PWIDs who have had sexual intercourse with more than one commercial sex worker (CSW) per month was 6.5%. In multivariable logistic regression, the odds of HIV infection with sharing needles, injecting for over 3 years, and sexual intercourse with more than one CSW per month was 6.7 (95% CI: 1.6-27.7), 6.1 (95% CI: 1.2-30.3) and with 4.0 (95% CI: 1.0-15.3), respectively.Conclusion: We identified a few modifiable risk factors among PWID. Based on these data, we recommend improving harm reduction intervention and behavior change communication. The sentinel surveillance site should continue monitoring PWID behavior over time.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
V. B. Turkutyukov ◽  
N. A. Lipskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Natykan ◽  
I. I. Pavlova ◽  
N. A. Glebova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

The HIV infection prevalence rate suggests that in the Russian Federation the number of new cases of infection continues to grow. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of HIV infection in the Amur region was performed during a 5-year period from 2013 to 2017. The study included evaluation of incidence and prevalence rates, morbidity and mortality patterns. A positive HIV status has 0,14% of the region population. In 2017, the HIV-incidence rate equaled to 10,97‰00. Similar incidence rates were registered during 2015 and 2016. During 2013–2017 annual growth of HIV-prevalence that reached its peak in 2017 and exceeded the previous year’s rate at 18,3±0,65% (p=0,001) was registered. The highest HIV prevalence was detected at age from 30 to 39 years (45%). Among the HIV-positive people, sexual transmission route was dominant and during 2017 and totaled to 87%. Among people living with HIV registered for outpatient treatment, the most frequent stages of the disease (representing 97,7% of all clinical forms) were subclinical stage diagnosed in 251,3‰ [95% CI 232,2–270,3] and second stage (of secondary manifestations) totaled to 216,1‰ [95% CI 191,5–240,5]. This indicates on the development of the concentrated stage of HIV infection in the Amur region. Epidemiologic features of infection spread in the Amur region derives not only from active cross-border movements of citizens, but also from the specifics of demography processes.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Sero-Prevalence among Women in Namibia: Further Analysis of Population-Based Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9397
Author(s):  
Michael Ekholuenetale ◽  
Herbert Onuoha ◽  
Charity Ehimwenma Ekholuenetale ◽  
Amadou Barrow ◽  
Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hiv Prevention Strategies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Socioeconomic inequality is a major factor to consider in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in HIV prevalence among Namibian women. Data from a population-based household survey with multistage-stratified sample of 6501 women were used to examine the link between socioeconomic inequalities and HIV prevalence. The weighted HIV prevalence was 13.2% (95% CI: 12.1–14.3%). The HIV prevalence among the poorest, poorer, middle, richer, and richest households was 21.4%, 19.7%, 16.3%, 11.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. Similarly, 21.2%, 21.7%, 11.8%, and 2.1% HIV prevalence was estimated among women with no formal education and primary, secondary, and higher education, respectively. Women from poor households (Conc. Index = −0.258; SE = 0.017) and those with no formal education (Conc. Index = −0.199; SE = 0.015) had high concentration of HIV infection, respectively. In light of these findings, HIV prevention strategies must be tailored to the specific drivers of transmission in low socioeconomic groups, with special attention paid to the vulnerabilities faced by women and the dynamic and contextual nature of the relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV infection.

scholarly journals HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men following the implementation of the HIV preventive guideline in Tanzania: respondent-driven sampling survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e036460
Author(s):  
Mwijage Alexander Ishungisa ◽  
Kare Moen ◽  
Germana Leyna ◽  
Neema Makyao ◽  
Angela Ramadhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesTo estimate HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania following the implementation of the national comprehensive package of HIV interventions for key population (CHIP).DesignA cross-sectional survey using respondent-driven sampling.SettingDar es Salaam, Tanzania’s largest city.ParticipantsMen who occasionally or regularly have sex with another man, aged 18 years and above and living in Dar es Salaam city at least 6 months preceding the study.Primary outcome measureHIV prevalence was the primary outcome. Independent risk factors for HIV infection were examined using weighted logistics regression modelling.ResultsA total of 777 MSM with a mean age of 26 years took part in the study. The weighted HIV prevalence was 8.3% (95% CI: 6.3%–10.9%) as compared with 22.3% (95% CI: 18.7%–26.4%) observed in a similar survey in 2014. Half of the participants had had sex with more than two partners in the month preceding the survey. Among those who had engaged in transactional sex, 80% had used a condom during last anal sex with a paying partner. Participants aged 25 and above had four times higher odds of being infected than those aged 15–19 years. HIV infection was associated with multiple sexual partnerships (adjusted OR/AOR, 3.0; 95% CI: 1.8–12.0), not having used condom during last sex with non-paying partner (AOR, 4.1; 95% CI: 1.4–7.8) and ever having engaged in group sex (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI: 1.7–3.6).ConclusionHIV prevalence among MSM in Dar es Salaam has decreased by more than a half over the past 5 years, coinciding with implementation of the CHIP. It is nonetheless two times as high as that of men in the general population. To achieve the 2030 goal, behavioural change interventions and roll out of new intervention measures such as pre-exposure prophylaxis are urgently needed.

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