scholarly journals Evaluation of climate changes and their accounting for developing the reclamation measures in western Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Rokochynskiy ◽  
Nadia Frolenkova ◽  
Ievgenii Gerasimov ◽  
Oleg Pinchuk ◽  
Nataliia Prykhodko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Climate Conditions

In modern conditions, there are cardinal climate changes on the Earth as at the planetary scale, as at the regional level. According to numerous hydrometeorological characteristics and indicators, climatologists specialists concluded that Ukraine also take place significant climatic changes in the last 10–25 years. In complicated natural-technical systems, which include irrigation and drainage systems (IDS) on drained lands, the selection of regime-technological and technical solutions on different levels of the decision including the time, should be based on the appropriate meteorological information for selecting climatologically optimal management strategies for such systems in the long-term and annual periods. The decisive influence on the formation of water and the overall natural reclamation modes of reclaimed land and harvest crops in many cases depends exactly from climate or weather conditions. Thus, it is necessary to have available data about their implementation to the relevant object as for number of previous years retrospective observations and the forecast period of functioning of the object. Therefore, forecasting of weather and climate conditions become an indispensable condition for implementation of assessing the overall effectiveness of IDS operation. To solve this problem we performed large-scale computer experiment for multi-year retrospective and current data observations in the area of Zhytomyr Polissya. Were planned and implemented the following variants of studies – «Base», «Transitional», «Recent», «CCCM», «UKMO». The forecast was done for five years of typical groups of vegetation periods regarding conditions of heat and moisture provision (very wet – 10%, wet – 30%, average – 50%, dry – 70%, very dry – 90%) on such basic meteorological characteristics: air temperature; precipitation; relative air humidity; defi cit of air humidity; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); coeffi cient of moisture provision (the ratio of precipitation to evapotranspiration). Obtained results of comparative assess-ment of climatic conditions in Zhytomyr Polissya zone, suggests that for most of the basic meteorological parameters, already there are changes that in the short term may exceed 10% of the critical ecological threshold, which will lead to relevant irreversible changes in the state of the environment in the region.

scholarly journals Geomorphological indicators of large-scale climatic changes in the Eastern Bolivian lowlands

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. May
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fluvial Erosion ◽  
Paleoclimatic Significance ◽  
Bolivian Lowlands

Abstract. This study provides an inventory of geomorphological landforms in Eastern Bolivia at different spatial scales. Landforms and associated processes are interpreted and discussed regarding landscape evolution and paleoclimatic significance. Thereby, preliminary conclusions about past climate changes and the geomorphic evolution in Eastern Bolivia can be provided. Fluvial and aeolian processes are presently restricted to a few locations in the study area. A much more active landscape has been inferred from large-scale Channel shifts and extensive paleodune Systems. Mobilization. transport and deposition of Sediments are thought to be the result of climatic conditions drier than today. However. there are also indications of formerly wetter conditions such as fluvial erosion and paleolake basins. In conclusion, the documentation and interpretation of the manifold landforms has shown to contain a considerable amount of paleoecological information, which might serve as the base for further paleoclimatic research in the central part of tropical South America.

scholarly journals The Silent Threat of Non-native Fish in the Amazon: ANNF Database and Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria ◽  
Edwin Agudelo ◽  
Alberto Akama ◽  
Bruno Barros ◽  
Mariana Bonfim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
First Record ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Occurrence Records

Non-native fish (NNF) can threaten megadiverse aquatic ecosystems throughout the planet, but limited information is available for the Amazon Region. In this study we review NNF data in the Amazonian macroregion using spatiotemporal records on the occurrence and the richness of NNF from a collaborative network of 35 regional experts, establishing the Amazon NNF database (ANNF). The NNF species richness was analyzed by river basin and by country, as well as the policies for each geopolitical division for the Amazon. The analysis included six countries (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia), together comprising more than 80% of the Amazon Region. A total of 1314 NNF occurrence records were gathered. The first record of NNF in this region was in 1939 and there has been a marked increase in the last 20 years (2000–2020), during which 75% of the records were observed. The highest number of localities with NNF occurrence records was observed for Colombia, followed by Brazil and Bolivia. The NNF records include 9 orders, 17 families and 41 species. Most of the NNF species are also used in aquaculture (12 species) and in the aquarium trade (12 species). The most frequent NNF detected were Arapaima gigas, Poecilia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus. The current data highlight that there are few documented cases on NNF in the Amazon, their negative impacts and management strategies adopted. The occurrence of NNF in the Amazon Region represents a threat to native biodiversity that has been increasing “silently” due to the difficulties of large-scale sampling and low number of NNF species reported when compared to other South American regions. The adoption of effective management measures by decision-makers is urgently needed and their enforcement needed to change this alarming trend and help protect the Amazon’s native fish diversity.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic productivity of spring barley under conditions of climate changes

2017 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
A. N. Polevoy ◽  
L. Yu. Bozhko ◽  
O. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Crop Capacity

Harvest of agricultural crops depends on availability of biological properties of plants, aggregate of technological measures for plants growth, peculiarities of soil covering and weather and climate conditions, social importance of products and their economic value. Crop capacity of spring barley depends on many factors, among which there are the most important ones such as light, heat, moisture, mineral nutrition etc. Climate changes that became particularly noticeable during the recent decade cause change of agro-climatic conditions of spring barley growing, which, in their turn, cause change of rates of crops growth, change of parameters of formation of its productivity which significantly determines the level of crop capacity. Photosynthetic activity of plants depends mainly on supply of solar radiation as the primary source for all biological and physical processes taking place in plants. According to data of studies the role of solar radiation in plants’ life appears to be multilateral one and is determined not only by patterns of change of elements of plants’ photosynthetic activity depending on each other, but also by the influence of changes of agro-climatic and farming practices, plants’ density, standards and periods of irrigation and nutrition.

scholarly journals Effect of dry and wet years on primary inoculum source, incubation period and conidial production of Venturia inaequalis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Special Respect ◽  
Disease Epidemics

The present study focuses on the characteristics of epidemics caused by the selected model-pathogen, Venturia inaequalis in relation to weather elements, with special respect to the increasing or decreasing effects of the specific weather elements. First, those weather elements are discussed which have a role in the development of scab epidemics. Subsequently, by accepting the thesis that climate change includes also weather extremes, an extremely hot and dry year (2003) and a colder year of higher than average precipitation (2004) were chosen as models. The presented examples verified that the variability of weather elements had had an undoubtable effect on the development of epidemics. The variability of weather elements manifests in the unusual behaviour of the pathogen, resulting in no or extreme disease epidemics. The extremities are well demonstrated by the fact, that in a year of drought an efficient protection can be achieved by considerably less applications than average, while in the next rainy year, the susceptible cultivar cannot be protected effectively even with such a high number of applications as is usual under humid Western-European climate conditions. It can also be noted, that the pathogen has a very good adaptability under unfavourable weather conditions. Consequently, more efficient management strategies should be developed for protection against the effects of extremities. However, it should be emphasized that it is very difficult to adapt to the variability and extremities of weather in the practice, because no long-term, accurate and reliable information is available about the variability of these elements.

Trends in the Phenology of Climber Roses under Changing Climate Conditions in Mazovia Lowland in Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Monder
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Urban Green Spaces

The genetic pool of valuable old ornamental cultivars and their in situ maintenance may be threated by climate change. Meanwhile, the ornamental plants like roses make up an important share of both gardens and urban green spaces, where they are particularly vulnerable to multistress growth conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of changing climatic conditions on growth and flowering of 11 historic climber roses through long-term studies (2000-2017) conducted in Central Europe. The evaluation of plants consisted of assessment of frost damage and the timing of early phenological stages (starting of bud break, leaf unfolding) as well as gathering data on beginning, fullness and end of flowering and its abundance. Frost damage was not recorded in any year only in ‘Mme Plantier’, and did not occur for any cultivar after the winter in the years 2007, 2008, and 2014. Only a little damage to one-year shoots was recorded after the winter in the years 2015-2017. Frost damage to ‘Alberic Barbier’, ‘Albertine’, ‘Chaplin's Pink Climber’, ‘Orange Triumph clg’ and ‘Venusta Pendula’ led to pruning to ground level in every year excluding those listed above. Frost damage of once blooming roses limited their flowering; however, the many-year data-sets showed a trend for decreased frost damage and improved abundance of flowering, and these results can be interpreted as a response to the increase of average air temperature. The timing of bud breaking and leaf development in all climber roses was strictly correlated with average air temperature in the dormancy period. The reactions of climber roses to weather conditions confirmed the influence of climatic changes on ornamental crop plants in Central Europe, introducing the potential possibility for the wider application of climber roses, but without certainty of flowering every year.

scholarly journals Ensemble Modeling of the Impact of Climate Warming and Increased Frequency of Extreme Climatic Events on the Thermal Characteristics of a Sub-Tropical Lake

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Gal ◽  
Gilboa Yael ◽  
Schachar Noam ◽  
Estroti Moshe ◽  
Dirk Schlabing
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Lake ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Lake ecosystems are impacted by changes in climatic conditions. Climate changes forecasted to occur are reflected in models by slow gradual changes over extended periods of time. Output from weather generators, on the other hand, can simulate short-term extreme conditions and weather patterns. In order to evaluate the likely impact of climate changes on a large sub-tropical lake, specifically the thermal regime of the lake, we constructed climate scenarios using a weather generator. The 30-year scenarios included no change in climate conditions, a gradual change, increased frequency of heat waves and a merging of the latter two. The projected impact on the lake’s physical properties was evaluated using an ensemble of 1-D hydrodynamic lake models. The gradual increase scenario had the largest impact on annual temperatures and stratification period; however, increased heat waves had a large effect on the summer lake conditions and introduced a larger degree of variability in water temperature. The use of the ensemble of models resulted in variability in the projected impacts; yet, the large degree of similarity between projected trends and patterns increased confidence in the results. The projected effect the heat waves will have on the lake conditions highlights the need to include heat waves in climate studies and the need for impact studies in order to better understand possible consequences for lake ecosystems.

scholarly journals Potential Global Distribution of Daktulosphaira vitifoliae under Climate Change Based on MaxEnt

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Wei Ji ◽  
Gary Gao ◽  
Jiufeng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Control And Management

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, is a small, invasive, sap-sucking pest that is widely present in most viticulture regions all over the world. It is originally from North America and feeds on grapevine roots and leaves. In the current study, the potential distribution area of the leaf-feeding population was investigated with MaxEnt based on population occurrence data under different environmental variables. Results suggested that under current climatic conditions, Europe, East and North China, Japan, the Eastern USA, Uruguay, and the Southeast of South America are highly suitable areas for the occurrence of phylloxera leaf populations. The results showed that isothermality and precipitation of coldest quarter were major factors which contribute more than 60% of the model under current climate conditions. Our results provide important information for governmental decision makers and famers to develop control and management strategies against D. vitifoliae, and can also be used as a reference for studies on other invasive pest.

scholarly journals Biophysical and economic models for assessing impacts of change on grazingland ecosystems

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Souza Neto ◽  
James R. Conner ◽  
Jerry W. Stuth
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

PHYGROW, a hydrologic-based forage simulation model, was parameterized to represent a typical South Texas ranch engaged in the production of cattle and meat goats with an indigenous population of white-tailed deer. Forage production and associated stocking rates for two cattle:goat ratios were simulated with POPMIX for 20 years. Two ten-year weather scenarios, one representing normal conditions (30% drought years) and one representing dryer weather conditions (50% drought years) were analyzed. Management decision rules (ASPC) were developed for the region to produce estimates of annual animal production and operating costs for the enterprises on each of the four scenarios. These performance and cost data were then used as input into FLIPSIM, a firm level income and policy simulator, along with relevant product and input price data for the region. Integration of modeled results produced useful information showing the socioeconomic consequences for a typical South Texas firm impacted by alternative climatic conditions and management strategies.

scholarly journals Seasonal niche tracking of climate emerges at the population level in a migratory bird

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1935) ◽  
pp. 20201799
Author(s):  
Guillermo Fandos ◽  
Shay Rotics ◽  
Nir Sapir ◽  
Wolfgang Fiedler ◽  
Michael Kaatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Climate Conditions

Seasonal animal migration is a widespread phenomenon. At the species level, it has been shown that many migratory animal species track similar climatic conditions throughout the year. However, it remains unclear whether such a niche tracking pattern is a direct consequence of individual behaviour or emerges at the population or species level through behavioural variability. Here, we estimated seasonal niche overlap and seasonal niche tracking at the individual and population level of central European white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ). We quantified niche tracking for both weather and climate conditions to control for the different spatio-temporal scales over which ecological processes may operate. Our results indicate that niche tracking is a bottom-up process. Individuals mainly track weather conditions while climatic niche tracking mainly emerges at the population level. This result may be partially explained by a high degree of intra- and inter-individual variation in niche overlap between seasons. Understanding how migratory individuals, populations and species respond to seasonal environments is key for anticipating the impacts of global environmental changes.

Multiple Equilibria in the Climate System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk A. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Multiple Equilibrium ◽  
System P ◽  
Negative Feedbacks ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedbacks

The idea that under the same external forcing conditions, the climate system is able to have several (statistical) equilibrium states is both fascinating and worrying: fascinating because the interaction of different positive and negative feedbacks can then lead to different large-scale reorganizations of the transport of heat (and other properties) over the globe; worrying because perturbations on the current equilibrium state can then unexpectedly cause transitions in large-scale transport properties, with potential disastrous changes in regional weather conditions. In this article, the development of the idea to explain peculiar climate changes using multiple equilibrium states is presented.

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