scholarly journals Photosynthetic productivity of spring barley under conditions of climate changes

2017 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
A. N. Polevoy ◽  
L. Yu. Bozhko ◽  
O. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Crop Capacity

Harvest of agricultural crops depends on availability of biological properties of plants, aggregate of technological measures for plants growth, peculiarities of soil covering and weather and climate conditions, social importance of products and their economic value. Crop capacity of spring barley depends on many factors, among which there are the most important ones such as light, heat, moisture, mineral nutrition etc. Climate changes that became particularly noticeable during the recent decade cause change of agro-climatic conditions of spring barley growing, which, in their turn, cause change of rates of crops growth, change of parameters of formation of its productivity which significantly determines the level of crop capacity. Photosynthetic activity of plants depends mainly on supply of solar radiation as the primary source for all biological and physical processes taking place in plants. According to data of studies the role of solar radiation in plants’ life appears to be multilateral one and is determined not only by patterns of change of elements of plants’ photosynthetic activity depending on each other, but also by the influence of changes of agro-climatic and farming practices, plants’ density, standards and periods of irrigation and nutrition.

scholarly journals Ensemble Modeling of the Impact of Climate Warming and Increased Frequency of Extreme Climatic Events on the Thermal Characteristics of a Sub-Tropical Lake

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Gal ◽  
Gilboa Yael ◽  
Schachar Noam ◽  
Estroti Moshe ◽  
Dirk Schlabing
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Lake ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Lake ecosystems are impacted by changes in climatic conditions. Climate changes forecasted to occur are reflected in models by slow gradual changes over extended periods of time. Output from weather generators, on the other hand, can simulate short-term extreme conditions and weather patterns. In order to evaluate the likely impact of climate changes on a large sub-tropical lake, specifically the thermal regime of the lake, we constructed climate scenarios using a weather generator. The 30-year scenarios included no change in climate conditions, a gradual change, increased frequency of heat waves and a merging of the latter two. The projected impact on the lake’s physical properties was evaluated using an ensemble of 1-D hydrodynamic lake models. The gradual increase scenario had the largest impact on annual temperatures and stratification period; however, increased heat waves had a large effect on the summer lake conditions and introduced a larger degree of variability in water temperature. The use of the ensemble of models resulted in variability in the projected impacts; yet, the large degree of similarity between projected trends and patterns increased confidence in the results. The projected effect the heat waves will have on the lake conditions highlights the need to include heat waves in climate studies and the need for impact studies in order to better understand possible consequences for lake ecosystems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of climate changes and their accounting for developing the reclamation measures in western Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Rokochynskiy ◽  
Nadia Frolenkova ◽  
Ievgenii Gerasimov ◽  
Oleg Pinchuk ◽  
Nataliia Prykhodko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Climate Conditions

In modern conditions, there are cardinal climate changes on the Earth as at the planetary scale, as at the regional level. According to numerous hydrometeorological characteristics and indicators, climatologists specialists concluded that Ukraine also take place significant climatic changes in the last 10–25 years. In complicated natural-technical systems, which include irrigation and drainage systems (IDS) on drained lands, the selection of regime-technological and technical solutions on different levels of the decision including the time, should be based on the appropriate meteorological information for selecting climatologically optimal management strategies for such systems in the long-term and annual periods. The decisive influence on the formation of water and the overall natural reclamation modes of reclaimed land and harvest crops in many cases depends exactly from climate or weather conditions. Thus, it is necessary to have available data about their implementation to the relevant object as for number of previous years retrospective observations and the forecast period of functioning of the object. Therefore, forecasting of weather and climate conditions become an indispensable condition for implementation of assessing the overall effectiveness of IDS operation. To solve this problem we performed large-scale computer experiment for multi-year retrospective and current data observations in the area of Zhytomyr Polissya. Were planned and implemented the following variants of studies – «Base», «Transitional», «Recent», «CCCM», «UKMO». The forecast was done for five years of typical groups of vegetation periods regarding conditions of heat and moisture provision (very wet – 10%, wet – 30%, average – 50%, dry – 70%, very dry – 90%) on such basic meteorological characteristics: air temperature; precipitation; relative air humidity; defi cit of air humidity; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); coeffi cient of moisture provision (the ratio of precipitation to evapotranspiration). Obtained results of comparative assess-ment of climatic conditions in Zhytomyr Polissya zone, suggests that for most of the basic meteorological parameters, already there are changes that in the short term may exceed 10% of the critical ecological threshold, which will lead to relevant irreversible changes in the state of the environment in the region.

scholarly journals Solar radiation inside greenhouses covered with semitransparent photovoltaic film: first experimental results

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Marucci ◽  
Adolfo Gusman ◽  
Barbara Pagniello ◽  
Andrea Cappuccini
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
University Of Rome

The southern Italian regions are characterized by climatic conditions with high values of solar radiation and air temperature. This has allowed the spread of protected structures both as a defense against critical winter conditions both for growing off-season. The major energy source for these greenhouses is given by solar energy and artificial energy is used rarely. So the problem in the use of greenhouses in these areas, if anything, is opposite to that of the northern areas. In these places you must try to mitigate often the solar radiation inside the greenhouses with suitable measures or abandon for a few months the cultivation inside these structures. The solar radiation intercepted by passive means can be used for other purposes through the uptake and transformation by the photovoltaic panels whose use however is problematic due to complete opacity of the cells. New photosensitive materials partially transparent to solar radiation onto flexible media, allow to glimpse the possibility of using them to greenhouses cover, getting the dual effect of partially screen the greenhouse and use the surplus to generate electricity. The research was carried out to evaluate the possibility of using a flexible photovoltaic film realized by the University of Rome Tor Vergata (research group of ECOFLECS project coordinated by prof. Andrea Reale) for covering greenhouses. Two greenhouses in small scale were built: one covered with photovoltaic film and one covered with EVA film for test. In both greenhouses during the first research period it was grown a variety of dwarf tomato. The research was carried out comparing the solar radiation that enters into greenhouse in the summer (August 2012) and in winter conditions (December 2012) in both greenhouses. The result show that the average ratio between the daily global solar radiation under the photovoltaic film and outside radiation is about 37%, while between the radiation under EVA film and outside radiation is equal to approximately 63%. These result allow us to assert that during the hot season the use of photovoltaic film might be useful to mitigate the excesses of solar radiation into the greenhouse. During the cold season the use of this film not allows to achieve the minimum indoor climate conditions for the cultivation, however, it is possible to think to remove it in the periods of low solar radiation because it is a very flexible film.

Energy-Plus House for the Climatic Conditions of Macedonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1512-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri Cvetkovska ◽  
Vera Murgul ◽  
Ekaterina Aronova ◽  
Nikolay Vatin ◽  
Maxim Shvarts
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Family House

In this paper the Energy-plus house project, functioning under the climate conditions of Macedonia, was presented. On the basis of previous studies carried out for a single-family house, the concept of a fully non-volatile home using solar photovoltaic modules for the operation of the electrical equipment was designed according to "Passive house". The estimates of solar resources of the territory, defined energy input of solar radiation on differently oriented surfaces and selected the optimum tilt angle of PV modules to the horizon were presented for this article. It is shown that the solar modules generated enough electricity to meet the needs of the considered house. At the same time in the summer there is surplus electricity. The calculations presented in this paper were based on the methods of thermodynamics, using MKS EN and DIN standards, the program packages PHPP 2007, as well as the algorithm developed for calculating the amount of solar radiation on differently oriented surfaces.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Potential Of Spring Barley Plants In The Steppe Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Sergey Masliiov ◽  
Natalia Korzhova
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

Today, an increase in the real potential of grain crops, including spring barley, is a necessary condition for elements of crop cultivation technologies. Therefore, given the limited resource potential of spring barley crops, their fastidiousness to the soil, considerable attention should be paid to the photosynthetic potential of plants and the standardised application of mineral fertilisers. The aim of the study was to improve the elements of the technology of growing promising varieties of spring barley by establishing the mineral nutrition effect on the photosynthetic activity of plants in the conditions of the Luhanska Oblast. This study provides examples of improving some technologies for growing promising varieties of spring barley and determines the optimal norms for applying mineral nutrition to ensure the high photosynthetic potential of these plants in the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It was found that the use of ammonium nitrate had a positive effect on the leaf area, increasing it by 1-2.2 thousand m2 /ha compared to the control for all varieties studied. The combined use of diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate contributed to an increase in the leaf area by 2-4. 4 thousand m2 /ha compared to the control variant. Simultaneous application of ActiBION increased the total leaf area for all samples studied by 3.8-6.4 thousand m2 /ha. The best indicators among the studied varieties were observed on the six-row variety Helios and the double-row variety Stalker. The six-row variety Vakula and the two-row variety Adapt showed slightly lower results. Further research implies the study of the influence of photosynthetic activity of promising varieties of spring barley on crop productivity in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The findings can be recommended for production as one of the elements in the technology of growing spring barley in the climatic conditions of the Luhanska Oblast

Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorsky ◽  
O. Nykyforuk ◽  
N. Boltyk
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

scholarly journals Relationship between Relative Maturity and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Northwest New Mexico for the 2003–2019 Period

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Margaret M. West ◽  
Samuel Allen ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Climate Conditions

The highly variable weather under changing climate conditions affects the establishment and the cutoff of crop growing season and exposes crops to failure if producers choose non-adapted relative maturity that matches the characteristics of the crop growing season. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maize hybrid relative maturity and the grain yield and determine the relative maturity range that will sustain maize production in northwest New Mexico (NM). Different relative maturity maize hybrids were grown at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington ((Latitude 36.69° North, Longitude 108.31° West, elevation 1720 m) from 2003 to 2019 under sprinkler irrigation. A total of 343 hybrids were grouped as early and full season hybrids according to their relative maturity that ranged from 93 to 119 and 64 hybrids with unknown relative maturity. The crops were grown under optimal management condition with no stress of any kind. The results showed non-significant increase in grain yield in early season hybrids and non-significant decrease in grain yield with relative maturity in full season hybrids. The relative maturity range of 100–110 obtained reasonable high grain yields and could be considered under the northwestern New Mexico climatic conditions. However, more research should target the evaluation of different planting date coupled with plant population density to determine the planting window for the early season and full season hybrids for the production optimization and sustainability.

scholarly journals Climate bones of contention: How climate variability influences territorial, maritime, and river interstate conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Cody J Schmidt ◽  
Bomi K Lee ◽  
Sara McLaughlin Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Intrastate Conflict ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

Many scholars examine the relationship between climate variability and intrastate conflict onset. While empirical findings in this literature are mixed, we know less about how climate changes increase the risks for conflicts between countries. This article studies climate variability using the issue approach to world politics. We examine whether climate variability influences the onset and militarization of interstate diplomatic conflicts and whether these effects are similar across issues that involve sovereignty claims for land (territory) or water (maritime, river). We focus on two theoretical mechanisms: scarcity ( abundance) and uncertainty. We measure these concepts empirically through climate deviation (e.g. droughts/floods, heat waves/cold spells) and climate volatility (greater short-term variance in precipitation/temperature). Analyses of issue claims in the Western Hemisphere and Europe (1901–2001) show that greater deviations and volatility in climate conditions increase risks for new diplomatic conflicts and militarization of ongoing issues and that climate change acts as a trigger for revisionist states.

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