scholarly journals Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie produkcji biomasy rolniczej pochodzenia roślinnego w państwach UE w kontekście rozwoju biogospodarki

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Komor
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article was to identify and assess the spatial diversity of agricultural biomass production of plant origin in EU countries as the basic raw material used to create bioproducts and bioenergy. The study uses statistical data obtained from EUROSTAT. The research period covered 2015. Descriptive and parametric statistics were used to interpret the study, and also the indicators of structure, density and intensity were used, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study found that in 2015 about 51,5% of plant biomass in agriculture produced in the EU were by-products - derived from crop residues, fodder crops and grazed biomass. The production of plant biomass was characterized by considerable spatial differentiation both in relation to biomass derived from arable crops (the leaders in this respect were: France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Poland) as well as to other biomass (Germany, France, Poland, Great Britain and Italy had the largest share). In 2015, nearly ¾ of the plant biomass produced in the EU was produced in seven countries (i.e. Germany, France, Poland, Great Britain, Spain, Italy and Romania). The analysis also included the dependences among the size of biomass production, the population potential of the country (measured by the share in the EU population) and the production potential of agriculture (measured in the share of agricultural land in the EU). This allowed the designation of four groups of countries.

CHANGES IN LAND USE: ILLUSTRATION OF THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL PROGRAM SUPPORT IN INCREASING THE FORESTED AREA IN PODLASKIE VOIVODSHIP

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Klepacka ◽  
Wojciech Florkowski ◽  
Monika Bagińska
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Regional Migration ◽  
Program Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Achieving goals of the national reforestation program for 2020 is threatened by its slow implementation despite financial support provided through the EU rural development programs. This study attempts to examine association between the increase in the forest cover and they are of agricultural land in Poland between 2010 and 2015 and the indirect association between the forest cover and regional migration, and residents seeking employment outside agriculture by registering microenterprises focusing only on Podlaskie Voivodship. The description of the observed developments has been supplemented by calculations of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the key indicators considered in this study. The calculated correlations coefficients suggest strong association between the EU funding and the reforested area in three districts surrounding the major cities in the region. Strong correlations were found between regional migration and the entrepreneurial activity reflected in the number of registered micro-enterprises in the case of Białystok and Łomża districts, but somewhat weaker associations in the case of Suwałki district. The transfer of land away from agriculture to reforestation is affected by the local technical infrastructure expansion, e.g., road construction, and influences the obtained correlation coefficients.

Soil Recarbonization Potential of Crop Residues and their Management through Inter-Convertible Carbon Triangle (ICCtriangle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 226-238
Author(s):  
Poonam C. Singh ◽  
Ashmita Tandon ◽  
Suchi Srivastava ◽  
Puneet S. Chauhan ◽  
Pankaj K. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Rice Straw Burning

Intensive cropping is a major cause of depleting soil organic carbon (SOC) eventually leading to soil infertility. Restoration of depleted SOC requires renewable sources of organic amendments. Crop residue (CR), mostly lost due to burning in many parts of the world, is a generously available renewable source of organic carbon (OC) that can be used for soil recarbonization. The study presents an overview of the OC losses and pollution due to residue burning in India and explores the perspective of using surplus CR to restore SOC and promote ecosystem services for sustainable agriculture. We reviewed and quantified the magnitude of CR generated, and its fertilization potential in the Indo-Gangetic Region (IGR), an intensively cultivated region of India where rice straw burning is prevalent. A novel concept of interconvertible carbon triangle (ΔICC) is proposed based on the three carbon pools, SOC from the soil, CO2,/CO from the atmosphere and organic carbon (OC) from plant biomass to assess the instability of an agricultural land and estimate the SOC requirements based on the crop production data. The study reviews the availability of OC and other nutrients in CR and professes the need of technologies to divert the surplus CR to improving soil fertility and mitigate environmental pollution due to agricultural burnings.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL, ENERGY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF BY-PRODUCTS PLANTING FOR BIOFUELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Maksim KULIK ◽  
Ruslan RUDENKO ◽  
Oleksander ONOPRIENKO
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
By Products

The article is devoted to determining the energy and economic efficiency of biofuel production from by-products of crop production. The following methods were used in the research process: monographic (in studying the economic and energy efficiency of plant biomass production in agricultural enterprises); statistical and economic (estimation of potential efficiency of crop production by-products); comparative analysis (when analyzing the economic efficiency of biomass production depending on crops); energy analysis (energy assessment of crop by-products potential of fields). The yield of basic products was determined by recalculating the yield of each crop to standard humidity and purity. The output of the by-products was established using special methods – a generalized assessment of the technically achievable energy potential of biomass and the methods of calculating the available potential of agro-raw materials. According to the results of the study, the yield level of the main products was analyzed, the economic efficiency of the production of by-products was determined, taking into account the crop residues (straw, stems) of winter wheat, corn, soybeans and sunflowers in the conditions of agricultural enterprises of the Myrhorod district of Poltava region. The amount of energy gain to generate heat is calculated depending on the plant biomass when used as biofuel feedstock. The available crop by-product potential of the crop production was evaluated, followed by the determination of the energy and economic efficiency of biomass. The potential of non-market crop production of winter wheat, soybean, corn and sunflower as alternative fuel and a basis for increasing the profitability of agricultural production has been determined which in the aggregate effect – attests to their profitability. Keywords: main products; by-products; economic efficiency; energy potential.

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTION COSTS USED IN BIOETHANOL AND METHYL ESTER MANUFACTURING

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (4) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Klepacka ◽  
Joanna Mączyńska
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The Eu

The study examines spatial differences in the costs of raw material production intended for bioethanol and methyl ester manufacturing in Poland. Results show substantial spatial differences in production costs of rapeseed and corn. Wielkopolskie Province has the highest profitability indicator (213.2%), while Łódzkie Voivodship has the lowest indicator (134.5%). In the case of corn production, the highest profitability indicator (including EU CAP payments) is in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province (171.9%) and the lowest in Zachodniopomorskie (109.2%). The EU CAP payments played a significant role in the case of corn production.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Recycled Biogas Digestates as Phosphorus Fertilizers for Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Inga-Mareike Bach ◽  
Lisa Essich ◽  
Torsten Müller
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Phosphorus Recycling ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

Despite phosphorus resources on Earth being limited, over fertilization in many agricultural situations causes significant resource consumption. Phosphorus-recycling within agricultural production can reduce global dilution into the environment and is thus essential to secure sustainable future supply. This study investigated the fertilization efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers recycled from biogas digestates in maize shoots grown under controlled greenhouse conditions, in two soils, in a pot experiment. Variables investigated were plant-available phosphorus in soil, plant biomass production, and concentration of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium in shoots. Soils were treated with three different fertilizer fractions, separated from biogas digestates, at equivalent phosphorus concentrations, using different combinations and application techniques, isolated or in combination, and compared to triple superphosphate (TSP) as a reference. One of the fractions (P-Salt) had effects on biomass production and plant phosphorus concentration equivalent to TSP in agricultural surface soil. In the second soil (with less active soil life and nutrient content), equivalence to TSP was achieved with combinations of two recycled fractions (P-Salt and dried solids). The enhancement of the phosphorus fertilizing effect by the solids was synergistic, indicating that the solids had a soil conditioning effect. The results show that biogas digestates are a valuable source for phosphorus recycling of fractions that have equivalent or even superior fertilizing properties compared to TSP.

scholarly journals Spatial Differentiation of Cultivated Land Use Intensification in Village Settings: A Survey of Typical Chinese Villages

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Quanfeng Li ◽  
Zhe Dong ◽  
Guoming Du ◽  
Aizheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Output State ◽  
Land Use Intensification ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Business Entities

The intensified use of cultivated land is essential for optimizing crop planting practices and protecting food security. This study employed a telecoupling framework to evaluate the cultivated land use intensification rates in typical Chinese villages (village cultivated land use intensifications—VCLUIs). The pressure–state–response (PSR) model organizes the VCLUI indexes including the intensity press, output state, and structural response of cultivated land use. Empirical analysis conducted in Baiquan County, China, indicating that the cultivated land use intensification levels of the whole county were low. However, the intensifications of villages influenced by physical and geographic locations and socioeconomic development levels varied significantly. This paper also found that variations in the VCLUIs were mainly dependent on new labor-driven social subsystem differences. Thus, the expanding per capita farmland scales and increasing numbers of new agricultural business entities were critical in improving the VCLUI. Overall, the theoretical framework proposed in this study was demonstrated to be effective in analyzing interactions among the natural, social, and economic subsystems of the VCLUI. The findings obtained in this study potentially have important implications for future regional food security, natural stability, and agricultural land use sustainability.

scholarly journals Mangrove diversity enhances plant biomass production and carbon storage in Hainan island, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-786
Author(s):  
Jiankun Bai ◽  
Yuchen Meng ◽  
Ruikun Gou ◽  
Jiacheng Lyu ◽  
Zheng Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

Can repeated soil amendment with biogas digestates increase soil suppressiveness toward non-specific soil-borne pathogens in agricultural lands?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
L. M. Manici ◽  
F. Caputo ◽  
G. A. Cappelli ◽  
E. Ceotto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

Abstract Soil suppressiveness which is the natural ability of soil to support optimal plant growth and health is the resultant of multiple soil microbial components; which implies many difficulties when estimating this soil condition. Microbial benefits for plant health from repeated digestate applications were assessed in three experimental sites surrounding anaerobic biogas plants in an intensively cultivated area of northern Italy. A 2-yr trial was performed in 2017 and 2018 by performing an in-pot plant growth assay, using soil samples taken from two fields for each experimental site, of which one had been repeatedly amended with anaerobic biogas digestate and the other had not. These fields were similar in management and crop sequences (maize was the recurrent crop) for the last 10 yr. Plant growth response in the bioassay was expressed as plant biomass production, root colonization frequency by soil-borne fungi were estimated to evaluate the impact of soil-borne pathogens on plant growth, abundance of Pseudomonas and actinomycetes populations in rhizosphere were estimated as beneficial soil microbial indicators. Repeated soil amendment with digestate increased significantly soil capacity to support plant biomass production as compared to unamended control in both the years. Findings supported evidence that this increase was principally attributable to a higher natural ability of digestate-amended soils to reduce root infection by saprophytic soil-borne pathogens whose inoculum was increased by the recurrent maize cultivation. Pseudomonas and actinomycetes were always more abundant in digestate-amended soils suggesting that both these large bacterial groups were involved in the increase of their natural capacity to control soil-borne pathogens (soil suppressiveness).

scholarly journals The Impact of RDP Measures on the Diversification of Agriculture and Rural Development—Seeking Additional Livelihoods: The Case of Poland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Mirosław Biczkowski ◽  
Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle ◽  
Roman Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main aim is to assess the measures implemented within the Rural Development Program (RDP) 2007–2013 in Poland. This programme is dedicated to the diversification of business activities in rural areas and rural livelihood and, thus, the improvement of the multifunctionality of rural areas. The analysis covered two measures from Axis 3, Improvement of the quality of life in rural areas and diversification of rural economy: M311, diversification into non-agricultural activities; and M312, Establishment and development of micro-enterprise. The study and the discussion are presented from a geographical perspective and, in a broader context, take into account several conditions (natural, urban, agricultural and historical) and the spatial diversity of the allocation of European Union (EU) funds. Models of a policy of multifunctional rural development, implemented after accession to the EU, are presented. The research’s spatial scope covers Poland’s territory on two spatial scales: the system of regions (16 NUTS2 units) and poviats (314 LAU level 1 units). The analysis covers all the projects implemented in Poland under the two measures of Axis 3 of the RDP 2007–2013. A set of conditions was prepared for all LAU1 units, forming the background for assessing the impact of the EU funds on the development of non-agricultural activities. To determine the relationship between the RDP measures and the selected groups of conditions, a synthetic index and a correlation index are used. They are also used to determine the mutual relations between the two analyzed activities in terms of the spatial scales used. Access to the EU funds (RDP) has considerably enlarged the opportunities for accelerating agricultural modernisation and restructuration towards multifunctional development, as well as the opportunities for implementing new development and work methods in the countryside in Poland. The attractiveness of the two studied RDP measures varied across regions. The beneficiaries’ activity depended on the local potential (resources), culture and tradition of the region, and size and potential of the farm. In the areas where agriculture is deeply rooted, beneficiaries were more willing to engage in ventures tapping into the resources available in their farms. Thus, they create additional livelihood of income and workplaces for household members. In turn, the beneficiaries from the areas where farms are smaller and economically weaker often undertake activities related to setting up a new business (outside farming).

Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium s.l. wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušiene ◽  
Odeta Gudaityte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Node Number

Millefolii herba is one of the oldest and most important drugs in Lithuania, used both in folk and official medicine. The raw material is usually gathered from spontaneous populations. It would be reasonable to develop methods to identify the populations which produce high plant biomass and accumulate high levels of proazulenes. The quantitative variation of proazulenes and their relationships with phytosociological dependence and morphological characters of Achillea millefolium from wild populations has been examined. The vegetation records were made at 140 growing sites of A. millefolium. The species was found in 29 types of community representing different growing habitats. The resources of milfoils prevailed in dry grasslands of Arrhenatheretalia communities and ruderal habitats of Dauco-Meliliotion. The data on productivity and morphological characters were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that higher productivity of A. millefolium populations was associated with their dependence on ruderal and segetal communities. The testing of A. millefolium plants revealed high variation for proazulenes in different communities. The proazulene-containing plants have been identified in 38% of all analysed cases. In the highest segetal and wasteland communities of Agropyretalia repentis, Sisybietalia, Digitario-Setarion, Aperion spicae-venti, Senecion fluviatilis only proazulene-free plants were found. Results of the ANOVA showed the proazulene-containing and proazulene-free plants significantly differed (P<0.05) for width of leaves and number of nodes. The presence of nodes in high number and narrow leaves in high proazulene-containing plants distinctly marked them from the proazulene-free plants. The study raised the possibility that selection based on the two morphological marker traits (node number and leaf width) and proazulene distribution in the populations would be effective for rapid identification of highly productive population(s) of pharmaceutical importance.

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