scholarly journals Floristic and phytocoenological research of segetal plant communities in cultivated areas of southern Srem

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Jaric ◽  
Branko Karadzic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin ◽  
Miroslava Mitrovic ◽  
Olga Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Segetal Flora

Segetal vegetation was studied in the cultivated areas of southern Srem with the aim of analyzing its taxonomy, phytocoenology, syntaxonomy and phytogeography, as well as determining to what extent ecological factors influenced the differentiation of segetal plant communities among row crops, small grain crops and in alfalfa fields. Segetal flora was comprised of 124 plant species, classified into 38 families, of which Asteraceae (28), Fabaceae (10) and Poaceae (10) contained the greatest number of species. Three associations were selected based on phytocoenological analysis: Polygonetum convolvulo-avicularis, Consolido-Polygonetum avicularis and Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris, as well as five lower syntaxa (subassociations and facies). Crop type, moisture, habitat acidity (pH), temperature and anthropogenic factors had the greatest impact on the ecological differentiation of the studied vegetation. The significant presence of non-native species (18) was another consequence of the anthropogenic effects and geographic position of southern Srem, and these, as coenobionts of segetal plant communities and undesirable species, had a significant impact on crop yield.

Competition between native and non-native plants.

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Wandrag ◽  
◽  
Jane A. Catford ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Strength Of Competition

The introduction of species to new locations leads to novel competitive interactions between resident native and newly-arriving non-native species. The nature of these competitive interactions can influence the suitability of the environment for the survival, reproduction and spread of non-native plant species, and the impact those species have on native plant communities. Indeed, the large literature on competition among plants reflects its importance in shaping the composition of plant communities, including the invasion success of non-native species. While competition and invasion theory have historically developed in parallel, the increasing recognition of the synergism between the two themes has led to new insights into how non-native plant species invade native plant communities, and the impacts they have on those plant communities. This chapter provides an entry point into the aspects of competition theory that can help explain the success, dominance and impacts of invasive species. It focuses on resource competition, which arises wherever the resources necessary for establishment, survival, reproduction and spread are in limited supply. It highlights key hypotheses developed in invasion biology that relate to ideas of competition, outlines biotic and abiotic factors that influence the strength of competition and species' relative competitive abilities, and describes when and how competition between non-native and native plant species can influence invasion outcomes. Understanding the processes that influence the strength of competition between non-native and native plant species is a necessary step towards understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions.

scholarly journals A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1780) ◽  
pp. 20133330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myla F. J. Aronson ◽  
Frank A. La Sorte ◽  
Charles H. Nilon ◽  
Madhusudan Katti ◽  
Mark A. Goddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Status

Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of the status and drivers of biodiversity in cities at the global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled the largest global dataset to date of two diverse taxa in cities: birds (54 cities) and plants (110 cities). We found that the majority of urban bird and plant species are native in the world's cities. Few plants and birds are cosmopolitan, the most common being Columba livia and Poa annua . The density of bird and plant species (the number of species per km 2 ) has declined substantially: only 8% of native bird and 25% of native plant species are currently present compared with estimates of non-urban density of species. The current density of species in cities and the loss in density of species was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than by non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation of intact vegetation within urban landscapes could support higher concentrations of both bird and plant species. Despite declines in the density of species, cities still retain endemic native species, thus providing opportunities for regional and global biodiversity conservation, restoration and education.

ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF RANGELAND VEGETATION OF KOCHUBEY BIOSPHERE STATION OF NORTH-WESTERN PRE-CASPIAN

1970 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
M. A. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Productivity Dynamics

The influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the change in species diversity and transformation in plant communities has been studied. Studies have shown negative effect of external factors to preserve valuable fodder grass depends on different pasture use patterns on the territory of the Kochubey Biosphere Station. A marked decline in the phytocenosis productivity dynamics with an increased load of 9.53-10.95c / ha under insufficient humidification conditions was shown. The results of the studies are shown that the vegetation change features are primarily caused the occurrence of anthropogenic landscape with dominance of the most persistent xerophytes shrubs and change of native species of communities of unsuitable plant species for feed that form in the continental climate. Changes in the vegetation cover composition and the ratio of the forage grasses species are traced. The uneven distribution of fodder mass between plant species in different seasons of the year was revealed. Established significant changes in the vegetation cover in the experimental plots. Stand of grass is thinned, low projective cover – 20-30%. In places of accumulation of growing species, especially in cereals, the loss of unstable species is observed. The productivity of pasture phytocenosis due to ephemera, forbs, especially dominant xerophytic shrubs of the wet period ranges 14.4-14.18 c / ha, which is associated with increased moisture and normalized load compared to dry years (9.53-10.9c / ha).

scholarly journals The effects of local filtering processes on the structure and functioning of native plant communities in experimental urban habitats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Borowy ◽  
Chris Swan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Local Filtering

Despite a growing literature-base devoted to documenting biodiversity patterns in cities, little is known about the processes that influence these patterns, and whether they are consistent over time. In particular, numerous studies have identified the capacity of cities to host a rich diversity of plant species. This trend, however, is driven primarily by introduced species, which comprise a large proportion of the urban species pool relative to natives. Using an experimental common garden study, we assessed the relative influence of local assembly processes (i.e., soil environmental filtering and competition from spontaneous urban species) on the taxonomic and functional diversity of native plant communities sampled over four seasons in 2016-2018. Taxonomic and functional diversity exhibited different responses to local processes, supporting the general conclusion that species- and trait-based measures of biodiversity offer distinct insights into community assembly dynamics. Additionally, we found that neither soil nor competition from spontaneous urban species influenced taxonomic or functional composition of native species. Functional composition, however, did shift strongly over time and was driven by community-weighted mean differences in both measured traits (maximum height, Hmax; specific leaf area, SLA; leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence, chl a) and the relative proportions of different functional groups (legumes, annual and biennial-perennial species, C4 grasses, and forbs). In contrast, taxonomic composition only diverged between early and late seasons. Overall, our results indicate that native species are not only capable of establishing and persisting in vacant urban habitats, they can functionally respond to local filtering pressures over time. This suggests that regional dispersal limitation may be a primary factor limiting native species in urban environments. Thus, future regreening and management plans should focus on enhancing the dispersal potential of native plant species in urban environments, in order to achieve set goals for increasing native species diversity and associated ecosystem services in cities.

scholarly journals Vegetation of the Bog Brekhovo (Ulyanovsk Region). Recommendations for Regime Security and Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-464
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Blagovetshenskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Natural Monument

The Brechovo mire is a natural monument of the Ulyanovsk region, it is a stratigraphic standard of the Holocene period, the place where rare and medicinal plant species grow and has significant reserves of a valuable natural resource – peat. Currently, it is exposed to a number of anthropogenic factors, which causes concern for the safety of its natural complexes. The article is based on the description of trial plots (total 96 descriptions). Field geobotanical studies (area descriptions and geobotanical mapping) were carried out according to generally accepted methods. For the classification of vegetation, the ecological-floral approach of Brown-Blanke was applied. It is established that the vegetation of the Brechovo swamp is represented by 10 associations: Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae Malcuit 1929; Phragmitetum australis Koch 1926; Caricetum ripariae Soó 1928 em. Knapp et Staff. 1962; Caricetum atheroidis (Prokopjev 1990) Taran 1995; Caricetum atheroidis (Prokopjev 1990) Taran 1995; Carici cespitosae-Deschampsietum cespitosae Mirkin in Denisova et al. 1986; Carici vulpinae-Deschampsietum cespitosae Mirkin ex Grigorjev et al. 2002; Polemonio caeruleae-Caricetum cespitosae Grigorjev et al. 2002; Caricetum acutiformis Sauer 1937; Lysimachio vulgaris-Filipenduletum ulmariae Bal.-Tul. 1978. The native vegetation has been preserved only on the part of the Brechovo swamp territory, and many plant communities have a secondary character, so the syntaxonomic structure is very diverse. In a number of communities, valuable resources of valuable medicinal plants are significant.

Competition between native and non-native plants.

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-307
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Wandrag ◽  
Jane A. Catford
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Strength Of Competition

Abstract The introduction of species to new locations leads to novel competitive interactions between resident native and newly-arriving non-native species. The nature of these competitive interactions can influence the suitability of the environment for the survival, reproduction and spread of non-native plant species, and the impact those species have on native plant communities. Indeed, the large literature on competition among plants reflects its importance in shaping the composition of plant communities, including the invasion success of non-native species. While competition and invasion theory have historically developed in parallel, the increasing recognition of the synergism between the two themes has led to new insights into how non-native plant species invade native plant communities, and the impacts they have on those plant communities. This chapter provides an entry point into the aspects of competition theory that can help explain the success, dominance and impacts of invasive species. It focuses on resource competition, which arises wherever the resources necessary for establishment, survival, reproduction and spread are in limited supply. It highlights key hypotheses developed in invasion biology that relate to ideas of competition, outlines biotic and abiotic factors that influence the strength of competition and species' relative competitive abilities, and describes when and how competition between non-native and native plant species can influence invasion outcomes. Understanding the processes that influence the strength of competition between non-native and native plant species is a necessary step towards understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions.

Using extinctions in species distribution models to evaluate and predict threats: a contribution to plant conservation planning on the island of Sardinia

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURO FOIS ◽  
GIANLUIGI BACCHETTA ◽  
ALBA CUENA-LOMBRAÑA ◽  
DONATELLA COGONI ◽  
MARIA SILVIA PINNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Sixth Mass Extinction ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Independent Effects

SUMMARYRecent extinction rates suggest that humans are now causing the sixth mass extinction, and the Mediterranean islands are at the forefront of many of the environmental issues involved. This study provides an alternative approach for investigating documented local plant extinctions that occurred in Sardinia (western Mediterranean) during the last half century. A total of 190 local extinctions of 62 plant species were used to investigate the independent effects of eight ecological and anthropogenic variables and to model the areas of potential extinctions where plant conservation efforts could be focused. If all analysed plant species were considered together, ecological factors explained local extinctions more than anthropogenic factors. The independent effects of each factor considerably varied among species of different lifeforms and altitude ranges. Accordingly, distribution models of local extinctions outscored areas that are potentially rich in plant species with conservation interest, but which are particularly affected by humans. This paper suggests a reproducible, operational framework for analysing which extinction factors may play important roles in similar contexts and where they might be relevant.

STUDYING OF TERSKO-SULAKSKAYA LOWLAND VEGETATION UNDER THE RESULTS OF GROUND-BASED RESEARCH AND AUTOMATED INTERPRETATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
M. I. Dzhalalova ◽  
A. B. Biarslanov ◽  
D. B. Asgerova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Internet Resource

The state of plant communities in areas located in the Tersko-Sulak lowland was studied by assessing phytocenotic indicators: the structure of vegetation cover, projective cover, species diversity, species abundance and elevated production, as well as automated decoding methods. There are almost no virgin soils and natural phytocenoses here; all of them have been transformed into agrocenoses (irrigated arable lands and hayfields, rice-trees and pastures). The long-term impact on pasture ecosystems of natural and anthropogenic factors leads to significant changes in the indigenous communities of this region. Phytocenoses are formed mainly by dry-steppe types of cereals with the participation of feather grass, forbs and ephemera, a semi-desert haloxerophytic shrub - Taurida wormwood. At the base of the grass stand is common coastal wormwood and Taurida wormwood - species resistant to anthropogenic influences. Anthropogenic impacts have led to a decrease in the number of species of feed-rich grain crops and a decrease in the overall productivity of pastures. Plant communities in all areas are littered with ruderal species. The seasonal dynamics of the land cover of the sites was estimated by the methods of automatic decoding of satellite images of the Landsat8 OLI series satellite for 2015, dated by the periods: spring - May 20, summer - July 23, autumn - October 20. Satellite imagery data obtained by Landsat satellite with a resolution in the multispectral image of 30 m per pixel, and in the panchromatic image - 10 m per pixel, which correspond to the requirements for satellite imagery to assess the dynamics of soil and vegetation cover. Lower resolution data, for example, NDVI MODIS, does not provide a reliable reflection of the state of soil and vegetation cover under arid conditions. In this regard, remote sensing data obtained from the Internet resource https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ was used.

MOSAICITY OF THE VEGETATION COVER OF THE KOCHUBEY BIOSPHERE STATION PASTURES

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
М. А. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Falcaria Vulgaris

The regularities of changes in the resistance of different groups of fodder plants to adverse conditions were studied. This is due to the physiological properties that allow them to overcome the harmful effects of the environment. As a result of research species - plant groups with great adaptive potential to the harsh continental semi-desert conditions were identified. Monitoring observation and experimental studies showed too thin vegetation cover as a mosaic, consisting of perennial xerophytic herbs and semishrubs, sod grasses, saltwort and wormwood, as well as ephemera and ephemeroids under the same environmental conditions, depending on various climatic and anthropogenic factors. This is due to the inability or instability of plant species to aggressive living environment. It results in horizontal heterogeneity of the grass stand, division into smaller structures, and mosaic in the vegetation cover of the Kochubey biosphere station. The relative resistance to moderate stress was identified in the following species from fodder plants Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum, Festuca valesiaca, Cynodon dactylon, Avena fatua; as for strong increasing their abundance these are poorly eaten plant species Artemisia taurica, Atriplex tatarica, Falcaria vulgaris, Veronica arvensis, Arabidopsis thaliana and other. On the site with an increasing pressure in the herbage of phytocenoses the number of xerophytes of ruderal species increases and the spatial structure of the vegetation cover is simplified. In plant communities indigenous species are replaced by adventive plant species. The mosaic of the plant cover of phytocenoses arises due to the uneven distribution in the space of environmental formation, i.e. an edificatory: Salsola orientalis, S. dendroides, Avena fatua, Cynodon dactylon, Artemisia taurica, A. lercheanum, Xanthium spinosum, Carex pachystyli, under which the remaining components of the community adapt. Based on the phytocenotic indicators of pasture phytocenoses it can be concluded that the vegetation cover is in the stage of ecological stress and a decrease in the share of fodder crops and an increase in the number of herbs indicates this fact.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

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