scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Generalist Bee Species on Brazilian Bee-Plant Interaction Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid de Matos Peixoto Kleinert ◽  
Tereza Cristina Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Bee Plant ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Determining bee and plant interactions has an important role on understanding general biology of bee species as well as the potential pollinating relationship between them. Bee surveys have been conducted in Brazil since the end of the 1960s. Most of them applied standardized methods and had identified the plant species where the bees were collected. To analyze the most generalist bees on Brazilian surveys, we built a matrix of bee-plant interactions. We estimated the most generalist bees determining the three bee species of each surveyed locality that presented the highest number of interactions. We found 47 localities and 39 species of bees. Most of them belong to Apidae (31 species) and Halictidae (6) families and to Meliponini (14) and Xylocopini (6) tribes. However, most of the surveys presentedApis melliferaand/orTrigona spinipesas the most generalist species.Apis melliferais an exotic bee species andTrigona spinipes, a native species, is also widespread and presents broad diet breath and high number of individuals per colony.

scholarly journals Evaluating out-planting success and mycorrhizal status of endangered Geum peckii Pursh (Rosaceae), the Eastern Mountain Avens, in Nova Scotia

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Sarah Fancy ◽  
Juan C. López-Gutiérrez ◽  
Allison K. Walker ◽  
Diane LaRue ◽  
Robin Browne
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Native Plant

Geum peckii (Rosaceae), the Eastern Mountain Avens, is a small herbaceous plant that is listed as endangered federally and provincially. In Canada, this species is found in bogs on Brier Island and Harris Lake, Digby County, Nova Scotia. The only other population outside of Canada is in New Hampshire (USA). To enhance conservation research of this species, a seed sample from the native species seed bank at Acadia University was used to establish a plant tissue culture of G. peckii plants. Survival of out-planted material was then assessed in both the greenhouse and the field. The field test site was within 20km of the existing plant populations in Digby County. Our study also revealed that G. peckii grows in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). During out-planting, plants received a mycorrhizal inoculum with the goal of enhancing survival. We used either a commercial mycorrhizal inoculum, or a native inoculum. Control plants were left untreated. Survival was 97-100 % among all the treatments by the end of the 2016 planting season. The results to date underscore the potential value of seed banking for protection of endangered native plant species. This study marks the first time in Nova Scotia that an endangered plant species has been successfully retrieved from seed bank storage, propagated by tissue culture, and out-planted back into a natural habitat. Keywords: Conservation, endangered native species, Geum peckii, tissue culture propagation

scholarly journals Tolerance of Three Ornamental Plant Species to Chromium contamination in Soil and their Potential for Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization of the Toxic Metal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-398
Author(s):  
Gayatri Sehrawat ◽  
Rita Singh ◽  
Anubha Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Chromium is a reactive and toxic heavy metal that enters the soil through various anthropogenic activities and moves through food chain affecting adversely the higher trophic levels including humans. While engineering techniques to remediate metal contaminated sites are costly and energy intensive, phytoremediation with suitable plant species is a low cost, easy and eco-friendly technique, which uses solar energy in the process. Using suitable non-edible plants makes the process of remediation safe and sustainable. The present study was therefore, carried out to study growth, Cr tolerance and phytoremediation potential of three ornamental plant species Sansevieria trifasciata, Canna indica (L) and Nephrolepis exaltata (L) for removal of chromium from soil. Pot culture experiments were conducted in greenhouse using soils artificially spiked with chromium (Cr250, Cr500, Cr750 mg/kg soil). Tolerance to different concentrations of Cr varied with the plant species as reflected by the trends and magnitude of change in aboveground and belowground biomass. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid were quite tolerant at Cr250 for all the species, and up to Cr500 for Sansevieria. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed elevated activity in aboveground parts at Cr250, while catalase (CAT) activity declined in response to the metal. All the three species showed significant accumulation of Cr, and more so in the belowground parts. Total Cr phytoextraction was the highest in N. exaltata, followed by C. indica and S. trifasciata. In all the three species, bioconcentration factor (BCF) was >1, indicating the suitability of these species for phytoremediation of chromium contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Consistent host and organ occupancy of phyllosphere bacteria in a community of wild herbaceous plant species

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Massoni ◽  
Miriam Bortfeld-Miller ◽  
Ludwig Jardillier ◽  
Guillem Salazar ◽  
Shinichi Sunagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phyllosphere Bacteria

Abstract Bacteria colonizing the aerial parts of plants (phyllosphere) are linked to the biology of their host. They impact plant–pathogen interactions and may influence plant reproduction. Past studies have shown differences in composition and structure of the leaf, flower, and host microbiota, but an investigation of the impact of individual taxa on these variations remains to be tested. Such information will help to evaluate disparities and to better understand the biology and evolution of the plant–microbe associations. In the present study, we investigated the community structure, occupancy of host and organ, and the prevalence of phyllosphere bacteria from three host species collected at the same location. Almost all (98%) of bacterial taxa detected in the phyllosphere were not only shared across leaves and flowers, or different plant species but also had a conserved prevalence across sub-environments of the phyllosphere. We also found nonrandom associations of the phylogenetic diversity of phyllosphere bacteria. These results suggest that the phyllosphere microbiota is more conserved than previously acknowledged, and dominated by generalist bacteria adapted to environmental heterogeneity through evolutionary conserved traits.

scholarly journals Integrating Habitat Suitability and the Near-Nature Restoration Priorities into Revegetation Plans Based on Potential Vegetation Distribution

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Zhongming Wen ◽  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
Qian Guo ◽  
Yanmin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Nature Restoration ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Vegetation Damage

Selecting optimal revegetation patterns and filtering priority areas can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of revegetation planning, particularly in areas with severe vegetation damage. However, few people include optimal revegetation patterns and priority restoration areas into revegetation plans. The Near-Nature restoration pays attention to “based on nature” ideas, guiding the degraded ecosystems to reorganize and achieving sustainable restoration through self-regulation. In this study, we conducted a field survey of the native vegetation communities in the Yanhe River catchment, and the data obtained were used to construct the potential distribution suitability of the habitat and screen the priority areas through the combination of MaxEnt and prioritizr models. We drew a heat map of species richness by simulating the potential distribution of 60 native species. The results showed that the potentially suitable habitats for forest cover were distributed in the southern part of the Yanhe River catchment; the potentially suitable habitats for herbaceous plant species were located in the center and the northwest parts of the study area; the potentially suitable habitats for shrub plant species in this area were larger than that of the forest, and herbaceous plants species were distributed in many zones of the study area. This study demonstrated that shrubs and herbaceous plant species in parts of the Loess Plateau should be considered as the pioneer plants of revegetation in future revegetation plans. Moreover, we also mapped the priority area of the Near-Nature restoration based on the richness of the potential native species. The procedure followed in this study could provide guidance for revegetation planning and manual management in the regions where vegetation damage occurs.

scholarly journals Screening of Pioneer Metallophyte Plant Species with Phytoremediation Potential at a Severely Contaminated Hg and As Mining Site

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nora Matanzas ◽  
Elías Afif ◽  
Tomás Emilio Díaz ◽  
José Luis R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
One Year ◽  
Total Concentrations

Phytoremediation of mine soils contaminated by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) requires the use of tolerant plants given the specific conditions of toxicity in the altered soil ecosystems. In this sense, a survey was conducted in an ancient Hg-mining area named “El Terronal” (Asturias, Spain) which is severely affected by PTE contamination (As, Hg, Pb) to obtain an inventory of the spontaneous natural vegetation. A detailed habitat classification was performed and a specific index of coverage was applied after a one-year quadrat study in various sampling stations; seven species were finally selected (Agrostis tenuis, Betula celtiberica, Calluna vulgaris, Dactylis glomerata, Plantago lanceolata, Salix atrocinerea and Trifolium repens). A total of 21 samples (3 per plant) of the soil–plant system were collected and analyzed for the available and total concentrations of contaminants in soil and plants (roots and aerial parts). Most of the studied plant species were classified as non-accumulating plants, with particular exceptions as Calluna vulgaris for Pb and Dactylis glomerata for As. Overall, the results revealed interest for phytoremediation treatments, especially phytostabilization, as most of the plants studied were classified as excluder metallophytes.

scholarly journals Plant Pathogen Invasion Modifies the Eco-Evolutionary Host Plant Interactions of an Endangered Checkerspot Butterfly

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Paul M. Severns ◽  
Melinda Guzman-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Germination Timing

New plant pathogen invasions typified by cryptic disease symptoms or those appearing sporadically in time and patchily in space, might go largely unnoticed and not taken seriously by ecologists. We present evidence that the recent invasion of Pyrenopeziza plantaginis (Dermateaceae) into the Pacific Northwest USA, which causes foliar necrosis in the fall and winter on Plantago lanceolata (plantain), the primary (non-native) foodplant for six of the eight extant Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly populations (Euphydryas editha taylori, endangered species), has altered eco-evolutionary foodplant interactions to a degree that threatens butterfly populations with extinction. Patterns of butterfly, larval food plant, and P. plantaginis disease development suggested the ancestral relationship was a two-foodplant system, with perennial Castilleja spp. supporting oviposition and pre-diapause larvae, and the annual Collinsia parviflora supporting post-diapause larvae. Plantain, in the absence of P. plantaginis disease, provided larval food resources throughout all butterfly life stages and may explain plantain’s initial adoption by Taylor’s checkerspot. However, in the presence of severe P. plantaginis disease, plantain-dependent butterfly populations experience a six-week period in the winter where post-diapause larvae lack essential plantain resources. Only C. parviflora, which is rare and competitively inferior under present habitat conditions, can fulfill the post-diapause larval feeding requirements in the presence of severe P. plantaginis disease. However, a germination timing experiment suggested C. parviflora to be suitably timed for only Washington Taylor’s checkerspot populations. The recent invasion by P. plantaginis appears to have rendered the ancestrally adaptive acquisition of plantain by Taylor’s checkerspot an unreliable, maladaptive foodplant interaction.

scholarly journals The phenobs initiative – A standardised protocol for monitoring phenological responses to climate change using herbaceous plant species in botanical gardens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Nordt ◽  
Isabell Hensen ◽  
Solveig Franziska Bucher ◽  
Martin Freiberg ◽  
Richard B. Primack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Botanical Gardens

scholarly journals Native Plant Capacity for Gentle Remediation in Heavily Polluted Mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
María Noelia Jiménez ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽  
Francisco Bruno Navarro ◽  
Mauro Casti ◽  
Emilia Fernández-Ondoño
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Dittrichia Viscosa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius ◽  
Plant Capacity

The use of plant species to stabilize and accumulate trace elements in contaminated soils is considered of great usefulness given the difficulty of decontaminating large areas subjected to mining for long periods. In this work, the bioaccumulation of trace elements is studied by relating the concentrations in leaves and roots of three plants of Mediterranean distribution (Dittrichia viscosa, Cistus salviifolius, Euphorbia pithyusa subsp. cupanii) with the concentrations of trace elements in contaminated and uncontaminated soils. Furthermore, in the case of D. viscosa, to know the concentration of each element by biomass, the pool of trace elements was determined both in the aerial part and in the roots. The bioaccumulation factor was not high enough in any of the species studied to be considered as phytoextractors. However, species like the ones studied in this work that live on soils with a wide range of concentration of trace elements and that develop a considerable biomass could be considered for stabilization of contaminated soils. The plant species studied in this work are good candidates for gentle-remediation options in the polluted Mediterranean.

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