scholarly journals Optimization of petroleum acid isolation from lower oil fractions of Vojvodina "Velebit" oil

2003 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Cirin-Novta ◽  
Slavko Kevresan ◽  
Ksenija Kuhajda ◽  
Julijan Kandrac ◽  
Ljubica Radic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Oil Derivatives ◽  
Petroleum Acid ◽  
Commercial Oil

Petroleum acids can be obtained from oil and oil derivatives by alkaline extraction. The aim of this work was to optimize the process of alkaline extraction of petroleum acids from light commercial oil fractions of Vojvodina "Velebit" oil by changing the contact time of oil fraction with strong alkali and by changing the reaction temperature. Optimal conditions for isolation of petroleum acids have been determined to be 9 hours of contact time and reaction temperature of 90?C. Under these conditions the obtained petroleum acids yield was 88.38%. Identification of isolated acids was performed by GC-MS analysis.

scholarly journals Biological activity and structure of natural petroleum acids from Lower oil fractions of "Velebit" oil

2002 ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Cirin-Novta ◽  
Ksenija Kuhajda ◽  
Slavko Kevresan ◽  
Julijan Kandrac ◽  
Ljubica Radic
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Average Molecular Mass ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Potential Use

Natural petroleum acids of naphthenic type such as carboxylic acids from petroleum basins of Vojvodina are interesting because of diverse possibilities for their use, most importantly for their biological activity and the potential use as plant growth stimulators. The paper is concerned with biological activity of natural petroleum acids isolated form "Velebit", oil commercial fraction (168-290 ?C). Petroleum acids were isolated by alkaline extraction and turned into methylesters with diazomethane. Subsequently, group-structure n-d-M-analyses and GC-MS-analysis have been used to determine individual acid structures. Structures of aliphatic. mono and bicyclic acids of average molecular mass 144-326 have been determined. Biological activity of auxine type has been assessed in the K-naphthenate form, and distinct activity was detected in the solutions of 10-7 mol dm-3.

Study on Treatment of Chromium(VI) Wastewater by Cuprous Oxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 2909-2912
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Li Ke Zou ◽  
Guo Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Chromium Vi

Cuprous oxide catalyst was prepared and applied as photocatalist to treat chromium (VI) in wastewater, and the photocatalytic activity of the cuprous oxide was studied. The optimal conditions for the treatment was as follows: the pH of wastewater was 3, the amount of catalysts was 0.3 g/L, the reaction temperature was 60°C. Under the optimal conditions, the removal rate of chromium (IV) in wastewater reached 50% in the presence of cuprous oxide catalyst.

Synthesis of Acetone and Acetaldehyde from Propane-Butane Mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusman. Dossumov ◽  
Svetlana. A. Tungatarova
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Oxidative Conversion ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Butane Mixture ◽  
Products Of Reaction ◽  
Propane Butane ◽  
Petrochemical Products

AbstractSupported polyoxide catalysts on the base of Mo and W, as well as natural Kazakhstan's clays were tested in the process of oxidative conversion of propane and propane-butane mixture. The influence of reaction temperature, contact time, composition and percentage of the active component of catalyst were determined. The important petrochemical products - acetone (500-550°) and acetaldehyde (300-350°) were the main liquid products of reaction on natural Kazakhstan's clays and also on clays modified by Mo, Bi, Cr and Ga ions.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on bio-oil fractions of palm kernel shell thermal distillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Deana Qarizada ◽  
Erfan Mohammadian ◽  
Azil Bahari Alias ◽  
Humapar Azhar Rahimi ◽  
Suriatie Binti Mat Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

Distillation is an essential thermo chemical process; it mainly depends on temperature which affects mostly the product yield and composition. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the characterization of bio-oil liquid fraction derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) bio-oil. The temperatures were 100 °C and 140°C. The higher heating value (HHV) obtained were 28.6MJ/Kg and 31.5MJ/Kg for bio-oil fraction 100°C and 140°C respectively. The GC- MS analysis determined that phenol is the dominant product in bio-oil fractions.

scholarly journals Decomposition of Cyanide from Gold Leaching Tailingsby Using Sodium Metabisulphite and Hydrogen Peroxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dongzhuang Hou ◽  
Lang Liu ◽  
Qixing Yang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Huafu Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gold Leaching ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite ◽  
To Come

Cyanidation is widely used by most gold mine worldwide and will remain prevail in years (or decades) to come, while cyanide is hazardous, toxic pollutants whose presence in wastewater and tailings can seriously affect human and its environment; hence, it is necessary to control these contaminants. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects through the investigation of changes in pH, concentration, and contact time, and the optimal conditions were obtained. It has been proven that the decomposition of cyanide in solution and tailings increased as the alkalinity in the presence of 0.5 g/L Na2S2O5. An increase in H2O2 (30%) concentration (from 1 to 4 mL/L) increased the decomposition in solution, while the effect on removing cyanide was better when pH was 9 than 8 and 10 in tailings. The cyanide in tailings decreased in the first 4 h and increased after 4 h. The effective and economic conditions for maximum decomposition of cyanide from leach tailings are first treated in 0.5 g/L Na2S2O5 at pH 10 for 3 hours and then 2 mL/L H2O2 (30%) is added to the tailings at pH 9 for 4 hours through comparative study. The findings provide the basis to optimize the decomposition of cyanide from gold leaching tailings in mining or backfilling by using the synergetic effect of Na2S2O5 and H2O2.

Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Sewage by Modified Honeycomb Cinder

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2931-2935
Author(s):  
Qi Bin Liang ◽  
Yun Gen Liu ◽  
Kun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

The study aimed at phosphorus and nitrogen removal by honeycomb cinder modified with Zinc chloride (ZnCl2). By bench-scale batch experiments, honeycomb cinders with different modification time and ZnCl2 dosage were modified and its adsorption capacities were evaluated by methylence blue as the adsorbate. Under the optimal modification conditions, large amount modified honeycomb cinders were prepared to remove the phosphorus and nitrogen from domestic sewage, which different operating conditions of honeycomb cinders dosage, and contact time were considered. The results show that removal efficiencies of total phosphate (TP), orthophosphate (PO43-P), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) could reach 89.9%, 96.7%, 18.9% and 23.3% under the optimal conditions, respectively. Modified honeycomb cinders might be an effective and low cost adsorbent for phosphorus removal.

Research of Preparation Factors on Magnetic Cassava Starch Microspheres

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1513-1517
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Yu Xian Feng ◽  
A Ming Chen ◽  
Lei Lei Qiao ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions

Magnetic cassava starch microspheres have been prepared by means of the method of precipitation magnetization, cassava starch as raw material adsorbing or embedding Fe3O4, many influence factors on magnetic cassava starch iron rate such as pH, reaction time, stirring speed, ratio of Fe+3 to Fe+2, reaction temperature also investigated in this paper. On the base above research, we preliminary got the optimal conditions on the synthesis of magnetic cassava starch microspheres.

Study on Synthesis of Nitrophenyl Isocyanates Using Triphosgene

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Rong Cao ◽  
Xue Yan Zhao ◽  
Rui Jie Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

In this paper, triphosgene respectively reacting with o-nitrophenyl aniline, m-nitrophenyl aniline and p-nitrophenyl aniline to synthesize corresponding isocyanates. The effects of reactants molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield were investigated. As a result, using 1,2-dichloroethane as reaction solvent, the optimum molar ratio of the three kinds of nitroaniline and triphosgene were all 2.5:1, the optimum reaction time of synthesis of o-nitrophenyl isocyanate, m-nitrophenyl isocyanate and p-nitrophenyl isocyanate respectively was 6h, 5.5h and 5h; the optimum reaction temperature of synthesis of the three kinds of nitrophenyl isocyanates were all 75°C. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of o-nitrophenyl isocyanate, m-nitrophenyl isocyanate and p-nitrophenyl isocyanate could respectively be 80.3%, 83.7% and 83.5%. The products were characterized by meltingtest, ebulliometry, IR, and HPLC

Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate from Ethyl Carbamate and Ethanol with Acid as Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1081-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Ye Qin ◽  
Biao Liu ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Wen Bo Zhao ◽  
Shui Sheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Diethyl Carbonate ◽  
Bronsted Acid ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Brönsted Acid ◽  
Pyrophosphoric Acid

The catalytic activity of many Lewis and Bronsted acid for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) from ethyl carbamate (EC) and ethanol was evaluated in a bath reactor. Pyrophosphoric acid (H4P7O2) which showed the best activity was selected to further investigate the effect of reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, catalyst dose and reaction time, on the yield of DEC. Under the optimal conditions, DEC yield can reach 29.1%.

scholarly journals Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Environments Using Micelle-Clay Adsorption

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad Qurie ◽  
Mustafa Khamis ◽  
Adnan Manassra ◽  
Ibrahim Ayyad ◽  
Shlomo Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Aqueous Environments

Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under different conditions was investigated using either clay (montmorillonite) or micelle-clay complex, the last obtained by adsorbing critical micelle concentration of octadecyltrimethylammonium ions onto montmorillonite. Batch experiments showed the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitted the experimental data giving significant results. Filtration experiments using columns filled with micelle-clay complex mixed with sand were performed to assess Cr(VI) removal efficiency under continuous flow at different pH values. The micelle-clay complex used in this study was capable of removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions without any prior acidification of the sample. Results demonstrated that the removal effectiveness reached nearly 100% when using optimal conditions for both batch and continuous flow techniques.

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