Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Sewage by Modified Honeycomb Cinder

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2931-2935
Author(s):  
Qi Bin Liang ◽  
Yun Gen Liu ◽  
Kun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

The study aimed at phosphorus and nitrogen removal by honeycomb cinder modified with Zinc chloride (ZnCl2). By bench-scale batch experiments, honeycomb cinders with different modification time and ZnCl2 dosage were modified and its adsorption capacities were evaluated by methylence blue as the adsorbate. Under the optimal modification conditions, large amount modified honeycomb cinders were prepared to remove the phosphorus and nitrogen from domestic sewage, which different operating conditions of honeycomb cinders dosage, and contact time were considered. The results show that removal efficiencies of total phosphate (TP), orthophosphate (PO43-P), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) could reach 89.9%, 96.7%, 18.9% and 23.3% under the optimal conditions, respectively. Modified honeycomb cinders might be an effective and low cost adsorbent for phosphorus removal.

scholarly journals The Novel Use of Saraca thaipingensis Leaf Powder as Potential Biosorbent Material for the Removal of Chromium(VI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Sannasi Palsan ◽  
Chai Swee Fern ◽  
Stephanie Bernardine ◽  
Lim Fan Shiang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Leaf Powder

Saraca thaipingensis or ‘Gapis’ tree, classified under the Fabaceae family is a native of Taiping; copious over Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia. The withered and fallen dead leaves were collected from INTI International University’s garden walkway. To date, literature has yet to capture the use of S. thaipingensis tree parts or refuse as potential biosorbent material for the removal of heavy metals thus verifying the novelty of this study. Batch experiments were carried out with the leaf powder to study the effects of dosage, particle size and contact time towards Cr(VI) removal (%) at 1-100 mg/L. Results showed that Cr(VI) removal increased from 52.22% to 99.31% (p < 0.05) with increase in biosorbent dosage (0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025 and 0.050 g). The different particle size ranges tested were: 107-125, 126-150, 151-250, 251-500, and 501- 1000 ?m. Highest Cr(VI) removal of 99.53% was obtained with the 151-250 ?m particle size; further size decrease did not yield more removal (p > 0.05). The optimal Cr(VI) removal was recorded after 45 min (99.62%) and 90 min (99.76%) contact time (p > 0.05). Further characterization and optimization studies are being carried out to develop a novel, sustainable, low cost yet effective leaf powder based biosorbent material.

scholarly journals Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by low cost and waste biosorbents (lemon, bean and artichoke shells)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Feyza Ergüvenerler ◽  
Şerif Targan ◽  
Vedia Nüket Tirtom
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Simple, fast, effective, low cost and waste biosorbents, lemon, bean and artichoke shells, were used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution. The influence of pH, contact time, temperature and lead (II) concentration of the removal process was investigated. The sufficient contact time was deemed 10 minutes for bean and artichoke shells and 60 minutes for lemon shells for Pb(II) ions. The thermodynamic parameters, such as standard free energy (ΔG), standard enthalpy (ΔH), and standard entropy (ΔS) of the adsorption process were calculated as −5.6786, −5.5758, −3.1488 kJmol−1 for ΔG, −7.2791, −20.285, −9.5561 kJ mol−1 for ΔH, −0.00545, −0.05017, −0.02185 kJ mol−1 K−1 for ΔS, respectively, for lemon, artichoke and bean shells. Maximum adsorption capacities of lead (II) were observed as 61.30 mg g−1, 88.5 mg g−1 and 62.81 mg g−1, respectively, for lemon, bean and artichoke shells according to the Freundlich isotherm model at 20 °C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) were used to characterize the surface morphology of the adsorbents. Consequently, Pb(II) removal using lemon, bean and artichoke shells would be an effective method for the economic treatment of wastewater.

scholarly journals Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Environments Using Micelle-Clay Adsorption

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad Qurie ◽  
Mustafa Khamis ◽  
Adnan Manassra ◽  
Ibrahim Ayyad ◽  
Shlomo Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Aqueous Environments

Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under different conditions was investigated using either clay (montmorillonite) or micelle-clay complex, the last obtained by adsorbing critical micelle concentration of octadecyltrimethylammonium ions onto montmorillonite. Batch experiments showed the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitted the experimental data giving significant results. Filtration experiments using columns filled with micelle-clay complex mixed with sand were performed to assess Cr(VI) removal efficiency under continuous flow at different pH values. The micelle-clay complex used in this study was capable of removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions without any prior acidification of the sample. Results demonstrated that the removal effectiveness reached nearly 100% when using optimal conditions for both batch and continuous flow techniques.

Evaluation of a novel oxidation ditch system for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic sewage

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1745-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
T. Fujiwara ◽  
K. Ohtoshi ◽  
S. Inamori ◽  
K. Nakamachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Do Control ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

A novel oxidation ditch system using anaerobic tanks and innovative dual dissolved oxygen (DO) control technology is proposed for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic sewage. A continuous bench-scale experiment running for more than 300 days was performed to evaluate the system. Monitoring and controlling the airflow and recirculation flow rate independently using DO values at two points along the ditch permitted maintenance of aerobic and anoxic zone ratios of around 0.30 and 0.50, respectively. The ability to optimize aerobic and anoxic zone ratios using the dual DO control technology meant that a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 83.2–92.9% could be maintained. This remarkable nitrogen removal performance minimized the nitrate recycle to anaerobic tanks inhibiting the phosphorus release. Hence, the total phosphorus removal efficiency was also improved and ranged within 72.6–88.0%. These results demonstrated that stabilization of the aerobic and anoxic zone ratio by dual DO control technology not only resulted in a marked improvement of nitrogen removal, but it also enhanced phosphorus removal.

scholarly journals Optimization and Modeling of Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from High Strength Synthetic Wastewater Using Vacuum Thermal Stripping

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Arif Reza ◽  
Lide Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Good Agreement

Waste streams with high ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations are very commonly produced due to human intervention and often end up in waterbodies with effluent discharge. The removal of NH3-N from wastewater is therefore of utmost importance to alleviate water quality issues including eutrophication and fouling. In the present study, vacuum thermal stripping of NH3-N from high strength synthetic wastewater was conducted using a rotary evaporator and the process was optimized and modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and RSM–artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. RSM was first employed to evaluate the process performance using three independent variables, namely pH, temperature (°C) and stripping time (min), and the optimal conditions for NH3-N removal (response) were determined. Later, the obtained data from the designed experiments of RSM were used to train the ANN for predicting the responses. NH3-N removal was found to be 97.84 ± 1.86% under the optimal conditions (pH: 9.6, temperature: 65.5 °C, and stripping time: 59.6 min) and was in good agreement with the values predicted by RSM and RSM–ANN models. A statistical comparison between the models revealed the better predictability of RSM–ANN than that of the RSM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt comparing the RSM and RSM–ANN in vacuum thermal stripping of NH3-N from wastewater. The findings of this study can therefore be useful in designing and carrying out the vacuum thermal stripping process for efficient removal of NH3-N from wastewater under different operating conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization with Response Surface Methodology of biosorption conditions of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media by Polyporus Squamosus fungi as a new biosorbent

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Uzun ◽  
Tekin Şahan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Polyporus Squamosus

Abstract Removal of mercury(II) (Hg(II)) from aqueous media by a new biosorbent was carried out. Natural Polyporus squamosus fungus, which according to the literature has not been used for the purpose of Hg(II) biosorption before, was utilized as a low-cost biosorbent, and the biosorption conditions were analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). Medium parameters which were expected to affect the biosorption of Hg(II) were determined to be initial pH, initial Hg(II) concentration (Co), temperature (T (°C)), and contact time (min). All experiments were carried out in a batch system using 250 mL fl asks containing 100 mL solution with a magnetic stirrer. The Hg(II) concentrations remaining in fi ltration solutions after biosorption were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Based on the RSM results, the optimal conditions were found to be 5.30, 47.39 mg/L, 20°C and 254.9 min for pH, Co, T (°C), and contact time, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the maximum biosorbed amount and the biosorption yield were calculated to be 3.54 mg/g and 35.37%, respectively. This result was confi rmed by experiments. This result shows that Polyporus squamosus has a specifi c affi nity for Hg ions. Under optimal conditions, by increasing the amount of Polyporus squamosus used, it can be concluded that all Hg ions will be removed

Phosphorus removal under anoxic conditions in a continuous-flow A2N two-sludge process

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Wang ◽  
Y.Z. Peng ◽  
T.W. Li ◽  
M. Ozaki ◽  
A. Takigawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Removal Capacity

The Anaerobic-Anoxic/Nitrification (A2N) system is a continuous-flow, two-sludge process in which Poly-P bacteria are capable of taking up phosphate under anoxic conditions using nitrate as an electron acceptor. The process is very efficient because it maximizes the utilization of organic substrate for phosphorus and nitrogen removal. An experimental lab-scale A2N system fed with domestic sewage was tested over a period of 260 days. The purpose of the experiment was to examine phosphorus removal capacity of a modified A2N two-sludge system. Factors affecting phosphorus and nitrogen removal by the A2N system were investigated. These factors were the influent COD/TN ratio, Sludge Retention Time (SRT), Bypass Sludge Flow rate (BSF) and Return Sludge Flow rate (RSF). Results indicated that optimum conditions for phosphorus and nitrogen removal were the influent COD/TN ratio around 6.49, the SRT of 14 days, and the BSF and RSF were fixed at about 26-33% of influent flow rate.

scholarly journals Removal of water hardness using zeolite synthesized from Ethiopian kaolin by hydrothermal method

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadele Assefa Aragaw ◽  
Adane Adugna Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Zeolite Synthesis ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The use of low cost materials in zeolite synthesis becomes an area of important interest in water softening. This research is aimed to utilize kaolin for zeolite synthesis with hydrothermal method. Mechanical, thermal chemical treatments of raw kaolin were used for zeolite synthesis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), AAS, XRD, surface area (BET), differential scanning calorimetry and TGA were used to characterize kaolin and zeolite and UV–VIS/spectrometer were used for adsorption capacity of ion exchange. Effect of contact time, pH solution and temperature of the solution were studied for batch experiments. XRD values indicated that the prepared material is showed as fully crystalline and primarily amorphous. Before and after hardness removal sample transmittance percentage intensity showed a wide range of difference. From this study, it can be deduced that Zeolite can be used as a low cost water softening agent. At room temperature, the residue is well with calcium and badly with magnesium, whereas affinity toward Mg ions increases to acceptable levels at 60 °C. The cation exchange capacity of zeolite was found to be dependent on contact time. The batch experiments of removing Ca2+ and Mg2+ show that the adsorption capacity of zeolite in calcium ion is higher affinity than magnesium ion.

Removal of Xylenol Orange from Solutions by γ-Cyclodextrin-Grafted Carboxymethyl Cellulose

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1180-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Xiong ◽  
Chen Bin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Xylenol Orange ◽  
Free Energy Change ◽  
Energy Change ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Adsorption Temperature

The potential to remove xylenol orange (XO) from aqueous solutions through adsorption on γ-cyclodextrin-grafted carboxymethyl cellulose (CCMC) was investigated in batch experiments. The effects of contact time, adsorption temperature and initial XO concentration were discussed. Results of batch experiments showed that CCMC exhibited some sorption capacities towards XO. It was found that isotherm fitted Languir and Freundlich models for the adsorption of XO on CCMC. On the basis of the Langmuir analysis, the maximum adsorption capacities were determined to be 29.9, 27.1, 21.9, 16.2 and 16.1 mg of XO per gram of CCMC at 283, 288, 293, 298 and 303K, respectively. The negative values of free energy change indicated the spontaneous nature of adsorption.

Acidification of Waste Activated Sludge during Mesophilic Phase in Two Phases Anaerobic Digestion System

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2416-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Yun Sun ◽  
Can Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jin You Shen ◽  
Jian Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Two Phases

Waste activated sludge is always used to product methane by two phases anaerobic digestion, but fermenting to accumulate VFAs has seldom reported. This paper deals with the effects of pH value, adding ratio and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on WAS acidification during mesophilic phase in two phases anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system through batch experiments. In order to gain the most amount of VFAs for providing more carbon source, the optimal conditions for WAS mesophilic anaerobic digestion observed in this study are pH=7, adding ratio=12.5%, HRT=4d and TC/TNb value=1.7~2.0. Finally, we analyzed acid production kinetic under the optimal conditions. It can be inferred that the performance of WAS acidification is sensitive to operating conditions.

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