scholarly journals Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia bracteata banks and the biological activity of its extracts: Antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, antifungal and allelopathic effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Melih Yılar ◽  
Yusuf Bayar ◽  
Ahu Bayar ◽  
Nusret Genc
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cation Radical ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Radical Removal

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining biological activities of the Salvia bracteata plant, activities such as its antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, allelopathic and antifungal effects. To this end, aboveground parts (flowers + shoots + leaves) of S. bracteata plants were collected in the province of K?r?ehir, Turkey, during the flowering stage in 2018. As a result of GC-MS analysis, 23 constituents were identified, representing 96.21% of the essential oil. The major compounds of essential oil were identified as ledol (24.12%), camphor (15.54%) and valencene (5.64%). In ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane extracts of S. bracteata, total phenolic content was found to be 104.63, 121.66 and 20.97 mg of GAE/g of extract, respectively, while flavonoid content was 12.89, 10.85 and 1.13 mg of QE/g of extract, respectively. In addition to this, DPPH radical removal activity was identified and found to be at its highest in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The TEAC (cation radical removal activity), FRAP (iron reduction power) and CUPRAC (copper reduction power) reduction activities of these plant extracts were also determined. The methanol extract of S. bracteata was found to have an allelopathic effect on Rumex crispus and Taraxacum officinale. This extract had a weak effect on development of the mycelium of Alternaria solani Sorauer, one of the most significant of plant-pathogenic fungi, but it was found to be ineffective on the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antiradikal Berbagai Fraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol dan Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Eugenia uniflora L

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Wahyu Utami ◽  
Muhammad Da’i ◽  
Viesa Rahayu ◽  
Prihantini Kurnia Sari ◽  
Dian Werdhi Kusumanegara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Free Radical Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Penelitian pendahuluan tentang aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat daun dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) menunjukkan potensi anti radikal bebas yang tinggi dari kedua ekstrak. Oleh karena itu telah dilakukan fraksinasi ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat daun dewandaru, serta pengujian aktivitas antiradikal dari masing-masing fraksi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara kandungan fenol dan flavonoid total dalam berbagai fraksi tersebut dengan aktivitas antiradikalnya. Daun dewandaru diekstraksi dengan kloroform, etil asetat, dan etanol secara maserasi bertingkat. Selanjutnya dilakukan fraksinasi terhadap masing-masing ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat menggunakan kromatografi kolom gravitasi dengan fase diam silika G60 dan fase gerak campuran perbandingan tertentu antara kloroform, etil asetat, etanol, dan air secara gradien kepolaran. Aktivitas antiradikal diukur secara spektrofotometri dengan pereaksi DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl) dan sebagai pembanding digunakan vitamin E. Penentuan kadar fenol dan flavonoid total dalam fraksi secara spektrofotometri menggunakan pereaksi Folin Ciocalteu untuk penetapan kadar fenol total, sedangkan untuk penentuan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan pereaksi AlCl3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi-fraksi dari ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru mempunyai aktivitas antiradikal yang cukup tinggi. Lima fraksi dari ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antiradikal lebih tinggi dibanding vitamin E. Aktivitas antiradikal paling tinggi ditunjukkan dengan nilai ARP (antiradical power) sebesar 3496,5 mg DPPH/mg sampel, sedangkan vitamin E sebesar 1776,20 mg DPPH/mg sampel. Korelasi antara kadar fenol maupun flavonoid total dalam berbagai fraksi tersebut dengan aktivitas antiradikalnya menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan korelasi sebesar 0,55 dan 0,45. Berdasarkan hasil diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi-fraksi polar daun dewandaru mempunyai aktivitas antiradikal yang lebih tinggi daripada vitamin E, namun aktivitas tersebut berkorelasi rendah dengan kandungan fenol dan flavonoid totalnya.   Preliminary research on the antioxidant activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Dewandaru leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) showed high anti-free radical potency from both extracts. Therefore fractionation of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of dewandaru leaves was carried out, as well as evaluation of antiradical activity of each fraction. In addition, this study also aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the phenol and total flavonoid content in various fractions with their anti-inflammatory activity.Dewandaru leaves were extracted by sequentially maceration with chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Furthermore, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were fractionated  using gravity column chromatography with silica G60 as stationary phase and increasing polarity of mobile phase by  varying the ratio of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Anti-free radical activity was determined using spectrophotometer and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl), vitamin E was used as a standard. Determination of total phenol and flavonoid content was determined using spectrophotometer, Folin Ciocalteu reagent was used to determine total phenolic content, meanwhile  ALCl3 reagent was used to determine total flavonoid content.  The results showed that fractions of  ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of dewandaru leaves showed high anti-free radical activity. Of all fractions, there 5 fractions of ethanol extract showed higher anti-free radical activity as compared to vitamin E.  The highest anti-free radical activity is indicated by ARP (antiradical power) value of 3496.5 mg DPPH/mg sample, meanwhile the ARP value of vitamin E was 1776,20 mg DPPH/mg sample. Correlation between total phenol and flavonoid content of those fractions indicated positive correlation with correlation value of 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that polar fractions of dewandaru leaves displayed higher anti-free radical activity as compared to vitamin E, however those activitiesdid not have correlation with their total phenolic and flavonoid content

scholarly journals Sesquiterpenes-Rich Essential Oil from Above Ground Parts of Pulicaria somalensis Exhibited Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Effect on Weeds

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Assaeed ◽  
Abdelsamed Elshamy ◽  
Abd El-Nasser El Gendy ◽  
Basharat Dar ◽  
Saud Al-Rowaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Main Components

Pulicaria genus (fleabane) is characterized by its fragrant odor due to the presence of essential oil (EO). According to the literature reviews, the EO of Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. (Shie) is still unexplored. For the first time, 71 compounds were characterized in EO derived from above-ground parts of P. somalensis collected from Saudi Arabia. Sesquiterpenes represented the main components (91.8%), along with minor amounts of mono-, diterpenes, and hydrocarbons. Juniper camphor (24.7%), α-sinensal (7.7%), 6-epi-shyobunol (6.6%), α-zingiberene (5.8%), α-bisabolol (5.3%), and T-muurolol (4.7%) were characterized as main constituents. The correlation analysis between different Pulicaria species showed that P. somalensis has a specific chemical pattern of the EO, thereby no correlation was observed with other reported Pulicaria species. The EO showed significant allelopathic activity against the weeds of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (crowfoot grass) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The IC50 value on the germination of D. aegyptium was double that of B. pilosa. The IC50 values on the root growth of B. pilosa and D. aegyptium were 0.6 mg mL−1 each, while the shoot growths were 1.0 and 0.7 mg mL−1, respectively. This variation in the activity could be attributed to the genetic characteristics of the weeds. Moreover, the EO exhibited significant antioxidant effects compared to ascorbic acid. Further studies are necessary to verify if these biological activities of the EO could be attributable to its major compounds.

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis and biological activities of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha arvensis essential oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Amjad ◽  
Saboon
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Ms Analysis

Abstract Background Essential oils are chemical products produced by odoriferous glands from a variety of plants. These essential oil have many health benefits i.e. antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. So due to these medicinal properties present study was designed to analyze essential oil of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha arvensis for their chemical composition and biological activities. Materials and methods Essential oil from these plants were extracted by hydrodistillation method, and analyzed by GC-MS. To test the microbial activity of these oil disk diffusion method and micro wells method were used. For free radical scavenging DPPH assay was used. However total phenolic content was measured by colorimetric method. Results The GC-MS analysis of T. vulgaris oil showed the presence of 47 chemical compounds among which thymol, terpinene, p-cymene and carvacrol were major. However essential oil of M. arvensis showed the presence of 28 constituents, among which the Menthone, Menthol, Isomenthone, Eucalyptol, neo-Menthol, cis-Piperitone oxide, Linalool, Thymol, Limonene, and α-Phellandrene were major. Essential oil from both these plant tested for antimicrobial activity showed that the T. vulgaris oil was effective against seven bacterial strains and the essential oil of M. arvensis was effective against six bacterial strain. The antioxidant activity of both samples by DPPH assay which showed positive result. Conclusion As both species showed the presence of active components, positive microbial activities, and antioxidant activity so, research should be carried on for further biological activities of these oil for betterment of living beings.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLICS CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OIL, METHANOL EXTRACT AND METHANOL FRACTIONS FROM COMMELINA NUDIFLORA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dawood Shah ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extracts

Objective: In the present study, the essential oil, methanol extract, and methanol fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) obtained from Commelina nudiflora were investigated for the free radical scavenging effects and phytochemical analysis.Methods: The antioxidative effect of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were evaluated using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride reagents respectively. The phytochemical analyses of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). Results: The antioxidant, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were higher followed by methanol extract, hexane fraction and essential oil. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloid, saponin, steroid, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tannins etc. The identified bioactive constituents of essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora were indole, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, phenol, benzyl alcohol, eugenol, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (palmitic acid ester), n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, (linoleic acid) and phytol. All identified bioactive compounds and their derivatives were generally reported with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.Conclusion: The obtained data suggest that the essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora possess remarkable antioxidant activities and vital phytochemicals. Thus the plant can be a utilized as a potential source of nutraceutical with antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Total phenolic, total flavonoid contents, and in vitro biological activities of Cephalaria procera

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Nurdan Yazıcı Bektaş ◽  
Burak Barut ◽  
Emel Mataracı Kara ◽  
Yeter Yeşil Cantürk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic

scholarly journals Determination of Biological Activities of the Root Bark of Senna singueana

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Kidanemariam Teklay Hilawea ◽  
Zelalem Yibralign Desta
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Aims: Senna singueana is a medicinal plant which is used for the treatment of different kinds of diseases and the plant was selected for the study because of its numerous uses. The main objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the extracts of the root barks of S. singueana. Methodology: The antibacterial activities of the extracts (determination of Minimal Inhibitory “MIC” and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration “MBC”) were determined by using agar well diffusion method. In addition to this the total flavonoid and total phenolic contents were determined by using aluminum chloride colorimetric complex assay and Folin-Ciocalteu method respectively. Results: Our results revealed that the total flavonoid content of the extracts is ranged from 30.39 mgQE/100 g to 240.83 mgQE/100 g. The extracts also showed good antioxidant activity and total phenolic content as well as weak to moderate antibacterial activity against some bacteria. Conclusions: The extracts of the root bark of Senna sinueana showed good total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antibacterial activity. In addition to this, the extracts also showed the presence of some important compounds by phytochemical analysis.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Kulit Batang Songi (Dillenia serrata Thunb.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Carla Wulandari Sabandar ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Norizan Ahmat ◽  
Nor-Ashila Aladdin ◽  
Harni Sartika Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Organic Fractions

Songi (Dillenia serrata) is a tree endemic to Southeast Sulawesi and its stem bark been used in folk medicine. Nonetheless, only a handful scientific knowledge regarding chemistry and biological activities has been investigated on the plant. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of the stem bark of the plant. Methanol extract and organic fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol) of the dried powdered stem bark of songi were evaluated for phytochemical screening, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH, FRAP, and XO in vitro assays. Flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins present in the extract. TPC and TFC in extract were 59.2 mg GAE/g and 23.4 mg QE/g. The contents in organic fractions were in solvent-dependent manner (methanol>ethyl acetate>petroleum ether). Extract and fractions scavenged DPPH radicals (48.2–59.7%) at 100 μg/mL compared to ascorbic acid, trolox, and gallic acid (90.3–93.8%). FRAP values varied from 0.8–3.4 μg/μg equivalent trolox amount (quercetin and gallic acid were 25.7 dan 32.4 μg/μg, respectively). They also inhibited xanthine oxidase (15.3–50.3%) at 100 μg/mL (allopurinol, 98.2%). The study concluded the potential of methanol extract and organic fraction of the stem bark of songi, thus highlighted the prospect of songi to be used in herbal and drugs development from nature.

scholarly journals Biological activities of in vitro liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 826-838
Author(s):  
Tan Q. TRAN ◽  
Hoang N. PHAN ◽  
Anh L. BUI ◽  
Phuong N. D. QUACH
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Coarse Powder ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Mcf 7

To overcome the problems in liverwort collecting such as small size and easily mixed with other species in the wild, we have successfully cultivated Marchantia polymorpha L. under in vitro conditions in the previous study. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological activities of this in vitro biomass as a confirmation of the sufficient protocol in cultivation this species. Cultured biomass was dried at a temperature of 45-50 oC to constant weight and ground into a fine powder. The coarse powder was extracted with organic solvents of increasing polarization including n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol using the maceration technique. Four extracts were investigated antioxidant (iron reduction power, DPPH), antibacterial (agar diffusion), tyrosinase inhibitory activity, anti-proliferation on MCF-7 cells. Additionally, the presence of natural metabolite groups of the extracts was detected by using specific reagents. For antioxidant activity, ethyl acetate fraction extract had the highest iron reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging ability with IC50 = 439.31 µg ml-1. All three n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts possessed resistance to the bacterial strain tested. At a concentration of 2 mg ml-1, n-hexane and chloroform extracts had the highest percentage of tyrosinase inhibition (69.54 and 69.10%, respectively). The n-hexane extract is a potent extract that inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells with the lowest IC50 of 38.15 µg ml-1. A preliminary chemical composition survey showed that the cultured biomass liverwort contains many bioactive compounds, particularly the compounds of range of non- and less-polarized fractions.

scholarly journals Clove Buds Essential Oil: The Impact of Grinding on the Chemical Composition and Its Biological Activities Involved in Consumer’s Health Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dorsaf Ben Hassine ◽  
Salma Kammoun El Euch ◽  
Rami Rahmani ◽  
Nessrine Ghazouani ◽  
Rouguiata Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
The Impact

This study is aimed at identifying the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the Syzygium aromaticum seeds, as well as investigating its biological activities, insecticide effect, and allelopathic properties. The extraction yield was about 14.3 and 7.14% for grounded and ungrounded seeds, respectively. The GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 17 heterogeneous compounds, including eugenol (68.7-87.4%), as major compound, cyperene (20.5-7.2%), phenethyl isovalerate (6.4-3.6%), and cis-thujopsene (1.9-0.8%), respectively, for grounded and ungrounded seeds. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the diameter of the inhibition zone reached 35 mm when the essential oil extracted from grounded seeds was applied against Escherichia coli. Regarding the antioxidant activity via the DPPH radical scavenging test, the IC 50 varied from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.5   μ g / mL . With respect to reducing power, the efficient concentration EC 50 ranged from 32 to 50 μg/mL. The essential oil exhibited also an allelopathic effect against seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, as well as an insecticide effect against Sitophilus oryzae with a DL 50 value of 252.4 μL/L air. These findings enhance the use of this spice as a natural food preservative and encourage its use in several fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and therapy, that could be a strategic way to guarantee the consumer’s health.

scholarly journals Determination of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Karamunting Leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) Extract and Fraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Rahma Dona
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) is a family of Myrtaceae which has been used by the community as traditional medicine. The purpose of this research is determine total phenolic and total flavonoid level and test antioxidant activity of Karamunting Leaves. Determination of total phenolic using gallic acid standard by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The results obtained total phenolic in water fraction of 99 mgGAE/g, ethanol extract 94,1 mgGAE/g, ethyl acetate fraction 83,3 mgGAE/g and n-hexane fraction 41,4 mgGAE/g. Determination of total flavonoid using standard quersetin with AlCL3 complex formation method, the results obtained total flavonoid in water fraction of 156,8 mgQE/g, ethanol extract 192,6 mgQE/g, ethyl acetate fraction 89,4 mgQE/g and n-hexane fraction 31,3 mgQE/g. Determination of antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical capture test (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), the results obtained in water fraction with IC50 value 15,02 µg/mL, ethanol extract 14,06 µg/mL, ethyl acetate fraction 14,48 µg/mL with very strong activity of antioxidant, whereas in the n-hexane fraction was categorized as weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 264,02 µg/mL.

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