scholarly journals Oxidative desulfurization of tire pyrolysis oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
Khawar Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Humayun ◽  
S Sebt-E-Zaeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
High Price ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

This paper presents a low cost method for the purification of oils obtained from the pyrolysis of used tires. Oxidative desulfurization is a promising route for purification of tire pyrolysis oils as hydro-desulfurization may not be affordable for small scale industries. Different additives and acids have been employed for the enhancement of properties of pyrolytic oils. The experimental conditions were kept identical throughout, i.e. atmospheric pressure and 50?C temperature for comparison of performance of various additives. The use of hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid mixture (10 wt.%) was found more economical and effective in desulfurization and improvement of fuel properties of sample oils. The contribution of sulfuric acid in desulfurization and decreasing viscosity was also satisfactory but due to high price of concentrated sulfuric acid its use may not be economical. Calcium oxide and Fuller?s earth was not found to be effective in desulfurization. Results indicate that oxidative desulfurization could render tire pyrolysis oils suitable for blending as heating fuel.

scholarly journals PICKLING EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PREPARATION OF DIESEL OIL WITH PYROLYSIS OIL FROM WASTE RUBBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Wang Lei ◽  
Wang Yun ◽  
Jin Jie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Pickling Process ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Better Than

The research has been done for removing asphaltene by pickling process of diesel oil from pyrolysis oil self-made by waste rubber in this paper, and the study showed that pickling effect of concentrated sulfuric acid was better than concentrated hydrochloric acid. The best pickling effect was found when the concentration of sulfuric acid was 18.4mol/L, acid to oil ratio, namely, the amount of concentration of sulfuric acid to the amount of diesel oil ratio, was 25%. This experiment proved that removing asphaltene by pickling process using concentrated sulfuric acid was remarkable.

scholarly journals A Study on Factors Affecting High Quality Fruit Tomato Production in a Greenhouse by Utilizing Low Cost Smart Agriculture Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ramadhona Saville ◽  
Katsumori Hatanaka ◽  
Denis Pastory Rubanga
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Price ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Degree Production ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Nara Prefecture

In this paper, we present an examination of factors affecting the sweetness degree of fruit tomato by utilizing a low-cost smart agriculture framework. Japanese consumers are willing to pay a sky-high price for particularly high sweetness degree of tomato, known as fruit tomato. Japanese farmers would like to produce sustainable fruit tomato, yet only some of the veteran farmers with tens of years of experience or big industrialized farms can produce it. Small scale farmers still struggle to produce sustainable fruit tomato. Many of them would like to know what factors affecting the sweetness degree of tomato. This study aims to clarify factors affecting the sweetness degree production by using a low-cost smart agriculture framework installed in a fruit tomato farmer in Nara prefecture, a western part of Japan. The data used were automatic data gathered from the sensor network, i.e. temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure as well as CO2; and manually input cultivation records, namely, fertilizers (Ca, NO3), pH, EC (electrical conductivity), harvesting record (yield and sweetness degree) as well as cropping calendar. We gathered data from June 2017 to December 2019. We then conducted a statistical analysis using the R statistical computing language. We found that the most significant factor for a high sweetness degree of fruit tomato is the growing time, that is the longer the growing time, the higher the sweetness degree of fruit tomato. The growing time is likely to be affected by season, as in summer growing time is faster than in wintertime. Consequently, summer is not the best time to grow fruit tomato.

scholarly journals Lowering the Toxicity of Cd to Theobroma cacao Using Soil Amendments Based on Commercial Charcoal and Lime

Toxics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Carla Calixta Calva Jiménez ◽  
Liliana Valentina Pinedo Fernández ◽  
Cristiano E. Rodrigues Reis
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Soil Cadmium ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

Carbonaceous and calcareous materials are commonly used as amendments to decrease the Cd mobility in contaminated soils. This study evaluated the effect of amendments applied to cocoa seedlings in the greenhouse, considering the mobilization of soil cadmium toward the seedlings as the main response. The experimental conditions considered soil artificially contaminated with Cd at a concentration of 50 mg Cd kg−1 and applications of amendments in different treatments with the presence of charcoal dust and calcium carbonate. The charcoal was characterized by microscopy and by adsorption tests, and it proved to be a material with macropores, with a maximum capacity of 8.06 mg Cd g−1 and favorable kinetic behavior according to the adjustment of the data obtained to the pseudo-second-order model. The results also showed that the application of liming decreased the mobility of Cd toward the seedlings, with the liming combined with charcoal leading to the absence of Cd in the cocoa seedlings, considering a residual concentration of Cd in the soil of 35 mg Cd kg−1. The results, although limited to a small scale, demonstrated the possibility of applying low-cost and easy-to-handle amendments for the control of Cd in cocoa plantations.

Meso and β-pyrrole sulfonated porphyrins obtained by sulfonation of 5,15-bis(phenyl)porphyrin

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
HECTOR GARCIA-ORTEGA ◽  
JOSEP M. RIBO
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Trisodium Salt

The sulfonation of 5,15-bis(phenyl)porphyrin (DPP) in concentrated sulfuric acid results in substitution on the β-pyrrolic positions and the expected sulfonation on the para positions of the phenyl substituents. The sodium salt of 5,15-bis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin-2-sulfonic acid ( S 3 DPP ) was prepared in good yield, the sodium salts of 5,15-bis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin ( S 2 A DPP ), 5-phenyl-15-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin-2-sulfonic acid ( S 2 B DPP ) and 15-phenyl-5-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin ( S 1 A DPP ) were isolated, and 5,15-bis(phenyl)porphyrin-2-sulfonic acid ( S 1 B DPP ) was detected in a mixture with S 1 A DPP . The β-pyrrole sulfonato substituents are stable and their potential synthetic use is shown by the preparation of the trisodium salt of 10-bromo-5,15-bis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin-2-sulfonic acid ( BrS 3 DPP ) by NBS bromination of S 3 DPP . In a methanol/sulfuric acid mixture the sulfonation occurs on the meso positions, and the tetrasodium salt of 10,20-bis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin-5,15-disulfonic acid ( S 4 DPP ) was obtained.

High Value Added Utilization of Vanadium Slag

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Du ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Xin Pu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Vanadium Oxides ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Vanadium Titanium ◽  
First Time

Vanadium slag is a kind of common furnace slags in the metallurgical field that contains rich vanadium oxides and iron oxides. The high value added utilization of vanadium slag was exploratory studied in this paper. Under the existing experimental conditions, chemical reactions conducted between vanadium slag and concentrated sulfuric acid. Vanadium titanium catalyst was prepared with the lixivium (whose main ingredients were 44.42% of V2O5 and 29.36% of TiO2), which could meet the demand of industrial production; zeolite 4A was prepared creatively with leach residue of vanadium slag for the first time and its feasibility in CO2 capture was verified via detecting the CO2/N2 adsorption capacity. It is feasible to recycle solid wastes efficiently, reduce the environmental pollution and promote the development of CO2 reduction technology by this means.

scholarly journals Determination of tea polysaccharides in Camellia sinensis by a modified phenol-sulfuric acid method

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xionggang Xi ◽  
Xinlin Wei ◽  
Yuanfeng Wang ◽  
Qinjie Chu ◽  
Jianbo Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Method ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Phenol Sulfuric Acid

A direct procedure for the determination of total polysaccharides (TPS) in Camellia sinensis was set up based on the modified phenol-sulfuric acid method. The monosaccharide composition of TPS was analyzed by GC. Based on the results of GC, model monosaccharide mixtures were made which provided an adequate standard for this procedure. Through single-factor and orthogonal (L934) experiments, the experimental conditions such as the volume of phenol, the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid, the reaction time, and the incubation temperature, were optimized. The highest sensitivity of absorbance was obtained when the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid, the volume of phenol (6%), and the incubation temperature were 2.5 ml, 0.2 ml, and 50?C, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the prepared samples were determined satisfactorily, with the recovery from 100.2% to 103.7%, and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.1%. Overall, the modified method is easily operated, rapid, sensitive and accurate. A similar procedure can be applied to the determination of other plant polysaccharides as well. .

Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuits Decapsulation Technique Using Mixed Acid Chemistry For Die-Level Failure Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Jeffrey M. Consigo ◽  
Ricardo S. Calanog ◽  
Melissa O. Caseria
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Plastic Package ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Abstract Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) integrated circuits have become popular these days with superior speed/power products that permit the development of systems that otherwise would have made it impossible or impractical to construct using silicon semiconductors. However, failure analysis remains to be very challenging as GaAs material is easily dissolved when it is reacted with fuming nitric acid used during standard decapsulation process. By utilizing enhanced chemical decapsulation technique with mixture of fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a low temperature backed with statistical analysis, successful plastic package decapsulation happens to be reproducible mainly for die level failure analysis purposes. The paper aims to develop a chemical decapsulation process with optimum parameters needed to successfully decapsulate plastic molded GaAs integrated circuits for die level failure analysis.

PRODUCTION OF SULFOCATIONITE BY MODIFICATION OF NATURAL COAL WITH CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (441) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
N.A. Bektenov ◽  
◽  
N.C. Murzakassymova ◽  
M.A. Gavrilenko ◽  
А.N. Nurlybayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Natural Coal

Tools of Transformation: Appropriate Technology in U.S. Countercultural Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Peter Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Transformation ◽  
Buckminster Fuller ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Second Wave

This essay takes its cue from second-wave ecocriticism and from recent scholarly interest in the “appropriate technology” movement that evolved during the 1960s and 1970s in California and elsewhere. “Appropriate technology” (or AT) refers to a loosely-knit group of writers, engineers and designers active in the years around 1970, and more generally to the counterculture’s promotion, development and application of technologies that were small-scale, low-cost, user-friendly, human-empowering and environmentally sound. Focusing on two roughly contemporary but now largely forgotten American texts Sidney Goldfarb’s lyric poem “Solar-Heated-Rhombic-Dodecahedron” (1969) and Gurney Norman’s novel Divine Right’s Trip (1971)—I consider how “hip” literary writers contributed to eco-technological discourse and argue for the 1960s counterculture’s relevance to present-day ecological concerns. Goldfarb’s and Norman’s texts interest me because they conceptualize iconic 1960s technologies—especially the Buckminster Fuller-inspired geodesic dome and the Volkswagen van—not as inherently alienating machines but as tools of profound individual, social and environmental transformation. Synthesizing antimodernist back-to-nature desires with modernist enthusiasm for (certain kinds of) machinery, these texts adumbrate a humanity- and modernity-centered post-wilderness model of environmentalism that resonates with the dilemmas that we face in our increasingly resource-impoverished, rapidly warming and densely populated world.

Addition of primary alcohols to 3-chlorononafluoro-1,5-hexadiene and perfluoro-1,3,5-hexatriene

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1714-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Dědek ◽  
Igor Linhart ◽  
Milan Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Principal Product ◽  
Allyl Rearrangement ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Alkoxide

Sodium alkoxide-catalyzed addition of methanol, ethanol and propanol to 3-chlorononafluoro-1,5-hexadiene (I) proceeds at temperatures -35 °C to 8 °C with allyl rearrangement, affording 1,6-dialkoxy-1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluoro-2,4-hexadiene (V) as the principal product, along with 1,6-dialkoxy-1,2,3,3,4,5,6,6-octafluoro-1,5-diene (VI) and trans-1,6-dialkoxy-1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-nonafluoro-2-hexene (VII). The ethers Va-Vc consist of the cis,trans- and trans,trans-isomers in about 3 : 1 ratio, whereas the ethers VIa-VIc have trans,trans-configuration. Ethers Vc and VIc react with concentrated sulfuric acid to give dipropyl 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-2,4-hexadienedioate (IX) and dipropyl 2,3,4,4,5-pentafluoro-2-hexenedioate (X), respectively, whereas the ether VIIc affords a mixture of propyl 6-propyloxy-2,3,4,4,5,6-heptafluoro-2-hexenoate (XI) and ester X. Addition of methanol to perfluoro-1,3,5-hexatriene (II) affords 1,1,2,3,4,5,6,6-octafluoro-1,6-dimethoxy-3-hexene (XIII) as the principal product.

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