scholarly journals Antioxidant status of the different sweet maize hybrids under herbicide and foliar fertilizer application

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Mesarovic ◽  
Jelena Srdic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Milena Simic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Maize Grain

The chemical method of weed control is an indispensable step in cropping practices of sweet maize. Application of the herbicides can induce the abiotic stress which affects the non-enzymatic antioxidants in the crops, especially on the sensitive one, like sweet maize is. Antioxidant profile, through the measurement of the soluble phenolic, carotenoids, phytic acid and glutathione concentration, in the grain of the three sweet maize hybrids after application of herbicides, foliar fertilizer, as well as their combinations, in field experiment, conducted over a two-year period, was determined. The content of tested antioxidant parameters was dependent on hybrids, growing season, as well as of the applied treatment. Sulfonylurea herbicides significantly increased the antioxidant status of sweet maize fresh grain, compared to the herbicide from triketone group, without affecting the fresh grain yield. Combination of herbicide plus foliar fertilizer expressed a various impact on antioxidant profile of the maize grain. Furthermore, significant correlations (positive and negative) between fresh grain yield and analyzed antioxidants in grain of three sweet maize hybrids were noticed.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DE FORMAS DE ADUBAÇÃO DE SEMEADURA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO DE CARVALHO PERON ◽  
RENZO GARCIA VON PINHO ◽  
LUIZ ANTONIO YANES BERNARDO JÚNIOR ◽  
VANDER FILLIPE DE SOUZA ◽  
FRANCIELLY DE CÁSSIA PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Productivity

RESUMO - Entender como o manejo de aplicação de fertilizantes interfere no sistema produtivo é primordial para amanutenção do máximo aproveitamento da produtividade dos híbridos. Desta forma, o objetivo com este trabalho foiverificar a influência da forma de adubação de semeadura, feita a lanço ou localizada, na produtividade de grãos de 33híbridos comerciais de milho, em quatro diferentes safras agrícolas. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos no municípiode Serra do Salitre, em Minas Gerais (MG), nos meses de novembro de 2015 e de 2016, janeiro e fevereiro de 2017 efevereiro de 2017. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições,com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial de 33 x 2, sendo 33 híbridos de milho e dois sistemas de adubação desemeadura: a lanço e localizada. Na análise conjunta da produtividade de grãos, ocorreram interações significativas entrehíbridos e safras, e também entre formas de adubação e safras. Apesar da interação significativa, o sistema de adubaçãolocalizada foi superior em ambas as safras avaliadas, considerando nível de significância de 5% pelo teste de Tukey.Mesmo com as condições climáticas menos favoráveis na segunda safra, a adubação localizada mostrou-se mais eficiente.Palavras-chave: adubação localizada, adubação a lanço, segunda safra, Zea mays L.EFFECT OF SOWING FERTILIZATIONON GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDSABSTRACT - Understanding how the management of fertilizer application affects the production system is essentialto maximize the productivity of the hybrids. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of broadcasting andbanding fertilization on grain yield of 33 commercial maize hybrids in four different crop seasons. Four experimentswere carried out in Serra do Salitre, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in November 2015, November 2016, January andFebruary 2017. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, with treatmentsarranged in a 33 x 2 factorial scheme, 33 corn hybrids and two sowing fertilization forms, broadcast and bandapplication. The joint analysis of grain yield showed significant interactions between hybrids and crop seasons, andalso between fertilization systems and crop seasons. The unfolding of the interaction between the fertilization formsand crop seasons showed that the yield of grains in the band fertilization was superior compared to the broadcastfertilization, regardless the crop season evaluated. Even with the less favourable climatic conditions in the secondharvest, the band fertilization showed to be more efficient when compared to the broadcast fertilization.Keywords: broadcast fertilizer, band fertilizer, second crop, Zea mays L.

scholarly journals PRINOS ZRNA HIBRIDA KUKURUZA RAZLIČITIH FAO GRUPA ZRENJA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milomirka Madic ◽  
◽  
Dalibor Tomic ◽  
Aleksandar Paunovic ◽  
Vladeta Stevovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Critical Phases

Field experiments with 11 native maize hybrids for grain production FAO maturity group 400-600 were set up over two years at two sites (near the villages of Brzan and Lužnice, Kragujevac municipality) with the aim of, based on the yield over years, recommending hybrids for specific agroecological conditions. The average maize grain yield for all hybrids in 2017 was 4.2 t ha-1, and in 2018 11.1 t ha-1. Hybrids ZP 548 and NS 5051 had the highest average grain yield in 2017, and in 2018 ZP 560 and NS 4051. Higher yields in 2018 are mainly the result of a larger amount and a more favorable distribution of precipitation in the vegetation period. In both years, which differed in agrometeorological conditions during the vegetation period, especially in the amount and distribution of precipitation in the second part of the vegetation, in which the critical phases of maize development take place, the highest yields were recorded mainly in FAO 500 hybrids.

scholarly journals Economically Optimal Rate for Nutrient Application to Maize in the Semi-deciduous Forest Zone of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1703-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicta Essel ◽  
Robert Clement Abaidoo ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Nana Ewusi-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain

Abstract Low inherent nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents of smallholder farms limit maize grain yield. Maize grain yield response to N, P, and K mineral fertilizer application and economically optimal rates for nitrogen (EORN), phosphorus (EORP), and potassium (EORK) were evaluated on a Ferric Acrisol within the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. The nutrient rates evaluated were N (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha−1), P (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha−1 P2O5), and K (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1 K2O). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications using an incomplete factorial design. Nutrient responses were determined using asymptotic quadratic-plus plateau functions. The best nitrogen rate for all P and K levels was 60 kg ha−1, which gave grain yield of 5 t ha−1. Nitrogen uptake, N agronomic and N recovery efficiencies peaked at 60 kg N ha−1 while N partial factor productivity declined with increasing N application rate. Cost to grain price ratios (CP) were 1.29, 1.65, and 1.65 for N, P, and K, respectively. The EORN was 61 kg ha−1, 32% less than the recommended 90 kg N ha−1 for maize production in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. Nitrogen application had the lowest CP ratio, making its application economically profitable than P and K. The findings suggest that the application of N at 61 kg N ha−1 to maize is economically profitable than at higher application rates. However, further studies should be conducted on farmers’ fields to validate the results obtained.

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF NITROGEN SECOND DOSE FERTILIZATION MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
A. H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Application Data ◽  
Maize Grain

The field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of timing nitrogen second dose fertilization on the grain yield and yield components of some improved maize varieties. The field experiments was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research IAR-ABU Research Farm Samaru – Zaria and Military Cantonment Farm Jaji – Nigeria. Treatments consist of three maize varieties (SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15 and SAMMAZ 16) and six timings of nitrogen second dose of fertilizer application. Data were recorded on grain yield, number of cobs /plant, number of grain /row, cob(ear) diameter, cob(ear) weight and 100 grain weight. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. SAMMAZ 16 produced significantly higher grain yield and recorded superior yield characters over SAMMAZ 14 and 15. The results further showed that time of nitrogen second dose application 6 WAS outperformed other timings evaluated at both location. The study identified. SAMMAZ 16 and time 6 WAS appeared to be the option for increased maize grain yield in the study area

scholarly journals Application of the Self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index for Estimation of Drought Impact on Maize Grain Yield in Pannonian Part of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krešo Pandžić ◽  
Tanja Likso ◽  
Ivan Pejić ◽  
Hrvoje Šarčević ◽  
Marija Pecina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Palmer Drought Severity Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Drought Impact ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Drought Severity Index

Abstract Ten-day self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) has been computed, based on observed 10-day mean air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation totals, as a parameter of drought impact on grain yield of 32 market leading maize hybrids in 2017 and 2018 over 8 experimental locations in Pannonian part of Croatia. In addition, time series of the same climate variables for the closest “official” weather stations of Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) for the period 1981-2018 have been used for scPDSI calibration and calculation. According to 10-day scPDSI, 2018 showed to be a „regular year“ while 2017 had a „moderate drought“ causing a maize grain yield reduction of 13%, compared to 2018. In spite some differences in climate aridity of central and eastern Croatia, a significant correlation between summer months’ 10-day scPDSI and maize grain yield has been determined. The highest average correlation coefficients across all maize hybrids for three summer months were determined for the last decade (10-day period) of July and consecutive three decades in August. The dependence of grain yield on scPDSI value is not the same for all hybrids indicating various tolerances of different hybrids to drought stress. The grain yield reduction was primarily affected by insufficient grain filling (smaller 1000-kernel weight) and to some extent by reduction of number of grains. For practical use, within the set of given 32 tested hybrids, the level of determined drought tolerance of a hybrid has to be considered along with its relative grain yield performance.

scholarly journals The variations in maize grain composition induced by different environments

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Vojka Babic ◽  
Milomir Filipovic ◽  
Zoran Camdzija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soluble Phenolics ◽  
Maize Grain

Nine maize hybrids were grown with the aim to determine variations in chemical composition of the grain. Analyzed hybrids were grown in split-plot experimental design with tree replications in Sremska Mitrovica and Zemun Polje, during the summer of 2010 and 2011. Grain yield, protein, starch, oil, as well as, antioxidants like phytate, soluble phenolics and free sulfhydryl groups (PSH) were analyzed. Unfavorable meteorological conditions affected not only grain yield, but its chemical composition too, by decreasing starch, phenolics and PSH and increasing protein, oil and phytate concentrations. Hybrids from the FAO 600 maturity group achieved higher grain yield during unfavourable conditions, with higher starch and phytate contents and decreased levels of PSH and phenolics. Hybrids from the FAO 500 maturity group were much more stable in respect of protein and oil contents, irrespective to year and location. The grain yield did not have the same source of variations as the factors which determine nutritional quality, an exception being oil content, which decreased with the increase in the grain yield.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Multivariate Analysis Applied to Three-Waycross Maize Hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Tiago Corazza da Rosa ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Vinicius Jardel Szareski ◽  
Alan Junior de Pelegrin ◽  
Mauricio Horbach Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Maize Grain

The aim of this wok was to evaluate the agronomic performance of three-waycross maize hybrids grown in different environments, to determine linear associations and to employ multivariate analysis for the measured traits. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in factorial scheme, arranged in three replicates. The three-way cross maize hybrids evaluated evidence phenotypic variability for the traits spike diameter, spike length, number of rows with grains, number of grains per row, cob mass and spike grains mass. The growing environment of Campos Borges-RS favors the increment of spike diameter, number of grains per row, spike mass, cob diameter, cob mass, mass of a thousand grains, spike grains mass and grain yield. Significant interactions between three-way cross maize hybrids and growing environments are verified for plant height, spike insertion height and prolificity. The traits spike diameter, mass of a thousand grains and mass of grains per spike present positive correlation with maize grain yield. The distinction of three-way cross hybrids is based on spike insertion height, spike diameter, plant height and mass of a thousand grains. The hybrids 2B688 HX® and 2A55 HX® are genetically closer, according to the biometric approach of canonical variables.

scholarly journals Evaluation of maize grain yield and yield stability by AMMI analysis

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Brankovic-Radojcic ◽  
Vojka Babic ◽  
Zdenka Girek ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Radojĉic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Ammi Analysis ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Maize Grain

Significant genotype x environment interaction for quantitative traits, such is grain yield, reduces the usefulness of genotype means, over all environments, for selecting superior genotypes. AMMI model is a valuable statistical tool in identifying systemic variation contained in the interaction effect. Obtained data could be applied in maximizing yield potential in every environment based on both narrow and wide genotype adaptability, without the necessity of developing breeding programs for smaller targeted environments. Precise assortment of superior genotypes, with the assistance of AMMI model, leads to the better recommendation of newly bred hybrids, and thus increasing maize grain yield in a targeted environment. In this research genotype x environment interaction and yield stability of 36 maize hybrids of FAO 300-700 maturity group was investigating. The trial was set according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were processed in order to obtain average estimates of grain yield, and yield stability was assessed by the method of AMMI analysis. The highest average grain yield was achieved in 2011 (11.62 t/ha), and the lowest in the most stressful and dry 2012 (6.90 t/ha). In the region Loznica L2 the highest average yield was noticed (13.81 t/ha), while at L7 (Sremska Mitrovica) average grain yield was the lowest (6.97 t/ha). Results of AMMI analysis gave precise recommendation for production of maize hybrids in certain environments, by determining winning areas of hybrids H20, H11 and H36. Medium early maturing and high yielding hybrids (H11 and H20) are therefore considered more favorable for production in environments with lower precipitation, while high yielding and more stable hybrids H21 and H35 are suitable for a wider range of environments. Hybrid H36 (FAO 700) showed its full potential at L2, and L3 which did not suffer from a lack of moisture. This hybrid also expressed its best potential in environments with favorable conditions.

Responses of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids to sowing date, N fertiliser and plant density in different years

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Berzsenyi ◽  
D. Q. Lap
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Grain

The responses of Hungarian-bred maize hybrids with different vegetation periods to sowing date, N fertiliser and plant density were studied in small-plot field experiments between 2002 and 2004. The maize grain yield was highest in the early and optimum sowing date treatments (8.563 and 8.325 t ha-1) and significantly less in the late and very late treatments (7.908 and 7.279 t ha-1). The year had a substantial effect on both the yield and the grain moisture content. In a long-term maize monoculture experiment set up in 1961, the N fertiliser responses of 6 maize hybrids with different vegetation periods were investigated. Averaged over the years 2002 and 2004 the maize grain yields in the N treatments were as follows (t ha-1): N0: 4.780, N80: 7.479, N160: 8.577, N240: 8.226. The grain yield and yield stability of maize were greatest at a N rate of 160 kg ha-1. The yield response was similar in both years, but the year had a considerable effect on the yield level. The N supplies to maize plants during the vegetation period could be well characterised using a SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter in the R3 phenological stage (18-22 days after silking). The plant density responses of maize hybrids were described by fitting a quadratic function to the data of 19-22 hybrids in the years 2002-2004. The optimum plant density averaged over the hybrids was between 67,483 and 70,161 plants ha-1. The maximum yield associated with optimum plant density was 7.978 t ha-1 in 2002, 6.60 t ha-1 in 2003 and 9.37 t ha-1 in 2004. The annual patterns of plant density responses for the maize hybrids exhibited considerable differences.

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