scholarly journals Italian alder (Alnus cordata/Loisel./Desf.) - new species for Allochtonous dendroflora of Serbia

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Sinisa Andrasev ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Andrijana Bauer-Zivkovic ◽  
Djura Jorgic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Fast Growing Species ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

The foreign tree species, Alnus cordata/Loisel./Desf. (Italian alder), (Betulaceae/Loisel./Duby), not previously recorded in the dendroflora of Serbia, is described in this paper. Italian alder trees in an experimental plot in the area of Erdevik, aged 11 years, show good vitality and fast growth, and bear fruits since their 10th year. Tree heights are in range from 10.4 to 16.2 m, and diameters at the breast height range from14.6 to 34.9 cm. The morphological properties of leaves, fruiting organs (?cones?) and male catkins are in concordance with the values in literature sources, although they show great variability. Since the time of plantation establishment, the absolute minimum air temperature in the nearby meteorological station of Sremska Mitrovica was -26.50C, so it can be assumed that the species is frost hardy. On the basis of the researched properties of Italian alder, it can be concluded that this species can be cultivated in Serbia as an ornamental in urban areas and as a fast growing species in forest plantations for biomass production.

scholarly journals Pecan (Carya illinoinensis/Wangenh./K. Koch): A new species of the Allochthonous dendroflora in Serbia

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Marko Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The City ◽  
A New Species

This paper presents the alien species Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, carya-pecan, (Juglandaceae A. Richard ex Kunth) that has not been mentioned so far in the dendroflora of Serbia. One tree was recorded within the first Serbian sugar factory in Cukarica that is now a protected cultural property in the City of Belgrade. The tree is about 35 years old and about 20 m high. The length of the trunk without branches is 6.0 m and the diameter at breast height is 57 cm. Carya-pecan is a native species of the southeastern part of North America, and is grown in Europe for edible fruits and quality wood. The recorded tree in Belgrade is fruitful and characterized by good vitality and rapid growth. Due to its special characteristics, it can have multiple practical application in the territory of Serbia for decoration in urban areas, for forest plantations and in orchards.

scholarly journals Changes in the abundance of Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. and Melolontha melolontha (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) in the Czech Republic in the period 2003–2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Švestka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Specific Prediction ◽  
Extent Of Damage

In the period between 2003 and 2009 we evaluated the abundance of adults of Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. and Melolontha melolontha (L.) cockchafers in four forest regions of the Czech Republic. During this period each of the evaluated localities was hit twice by heavy swarming. The course of swarming, species composition, abundance of the respective tribe, sex ratio during swarming and the correlation between the course of swarming and average daily temperature were monitored by means of a light trap, an automatic meteorological station and observations in the open space; the data were represented in the form of graphs. We evaluated how the trend of the abundance of the particular species developed in the respective localities in order to work out a more specific prediction of the occurrence of the cockchafer in subsequent years and the extent of damage caused by the grubs to forest plantations. Research will continue in 2010–2011.

scholarly journals The assessment sectional area of stem wood and stocks in experimental trees reclamation Western Donbass plot № 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
V. M. Zverkovsky ◽  
O. S. Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

The linear growth of forest plantations of Western Donbass’ recultivating plot №1 were studied. The established cross-sectional the area of trunks and timber reserves experimental trees.Characterized by parameters which are the volume of wood: its height, diameter at breast height and shape of the forming barrel. In diameter at breast height cross sectional area is determined and then the barrel volume is calculated. Cross sections of tree trunks are shaped like a circle or an ellipse. Knowing the volume of logs we calculated reserves of wood for trees experimental plots.The largest reserves of timber and cross-sectional area characterized planting U. pumila – 15,367 m3 and 1,9583 m2, A. platanoides – 13,328 m3 and 2,67 m2, Q. robur – 10,120 m3 and 1,452 m2, J. virginiana – 8,748 m3 and 2,106 m2. The least plantation stocks of wood characterized E. angustifolia – 1,3699 m3 and 0,3693 m2, R. pseudoacacia – 2,9478 m3 and 0,8350 m2, P. rallasiana – 3,1626 m3 and 0,3279 m2.

scholarly journals The impact of building height on urban thermal environment in summer: A case study of Chinese megacities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247786
Author(s):  
Meiya Wang ◽  
Hanqiu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Building Height ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact

The quantitative relationship between the spatial variation of building’s height and the associated land surface temperature (LST) change in six Chinese megacities is investigated in this paper. The six cities involved are Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Based on both remote sensing and building footprint data, we retrieved the LST using a single-channel (SC) algorithm and evaluate the heating/cooling effect caused by building-height difference via correlation analysis. The results show that the spatial distribution of high-rise buildings is mainly concentrated in the center business districts, riverside zones, and newly built-up areas of the six megacities. In the urban area, the number and the floor-area ratio of high to super high-rise buildings (>24m) account for over 5% and 4.74%, respectively. Being highly urbanized cities, most of urban areas in the six megacities are associated with high LST. Ninety-nine percent of the city areas of Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Tianjin are covered by the LST in the range of 30.2~67.8°C, 34.8~50.4°C, 25.3~48.3°C, 29.9~47.2°C, 27.4~43.4°C, and 33.0~48.0°C, respectively. Building’s height and LST have a negative logarithmic correlation with the correlation coefficients ranging from -0.701 to -0.853. In the building’s height within range of 0~66m, the LST will decrease significantly with the increase of building’s height. This indicates that the increase of building’s height will bring a significant cooling effect in this height range. When the building’s height exceeds 66m, its effect on LST will be greatly weakened. This is due to the influence of building shadows, local wind disturbances, and the layout of buildings.

scholarly journals The assessment sectional area of stem wood and stocks in experimental trees reclamation Western Donbass plot № 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
V. M. Zverkovsky ◽  
O. S. Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

The linear growth of forest plantations of Western Donbass’ recultivating plot №1 were studied. The established cross-sectional the area of trunks and timber reserves experimental trees.Characterized by parameters which are the volume of wood: its height, diameter at breast height and shape of the forming barrel. In diameter at breast height cross sectional area is determined and then the barrel volume is calculated. Cross sections of tree trunks are shaped like a circle or an ellipse. Knowing the volume of logs we calculated reserves of wood for trees experimental plots.The largest reserves of timber and cross-sectional area characterized planting U. pumila – 15,367 m3 and 1,9583 m2, A. platanoides – 13,328 m3 and 2,67 m2, Q. robur – 10,120 m3 and 1,452 m2, J. virginiana – 8,748 m3 and 2,106 m2. The least plantation stocks of wood characterized E. angustifolia – 1,3699 m3 and 0,3693 m2, R. pseudoacacia – 2,9478 m3 and 0,8350 m2, P. rallasiana – 3,1626 m3 and 0,3279 m2.

scholarly journals Sediment production in flysch badlands: A case study from Slovenian Istria

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Kovačič
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Erosion Pins ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

This article deals with the results of seven years of measurements of sediment release from the flysch badlands in the Rokava River headwaters. Measurements of sediment production were carried out in erosion plots, and measurements of cliff (or rockwall) retreat using erosion pins. Selected meteorological time series from the Portorož Airport meteorological station were included in the analysis. The calculation showed that from 2008 to 2015 (149 measurements) sediment production was 36 kg/m² per year and the flysch cliff retreated by 146 mm or 21 mm per year. The amount of sediment produced is moderately positively correlated with the number of days between successive measurements (r = 0.51), with a recorded daily transition of air temperature over/below 0 °C (r = 0.56) and slightly more weakly correlated with the precipitation amount (r = 0.45). On the other hand, the amount of sediment produced has a low negative correlation with average air temperature (r = −0.29) and average minimum air temperature (r = −0.30). However, no statistically significant correlation was calculated between the amount of sediment produced and average wind speed.

scholarly journals Light absorption and morphological properties of soot-containing aerosols observed at an East Asian outflow site, Noto Peninsula, Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 2525-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayako Ueda ◽  
Tomoki Nakayama ◽  
Fumikazu Taketani ◽  
Kouji Adachi ◽  
Atsushi Matsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bypass Line ◽  
Mixing States ◽  
High Absorption

Abstract. The coating of black carbon (BC) with inorganic salts and organic compounds can enhance the magnitude of light absorption by BC. To elucidate the enhancement of light absorption of aged BC particles and its relation to the mixing state and morphology of individual particles, we conducted observations of particles at an Asian outflow site in Noto Peninsula, Japan, in the spring of 2013. Absorption and scattering coefficients at 405, 532, and 781 nm and mass concentrations/mixing states of refractory BC in PM2.5 were measured using a three-wavelength photoacoustic soot spectrometer and a single-particle soot photometer (SP2), respectively, after passage through a thermodenuder (TD) maintained at 300 or 400 °C or a bypass line maintained at room temperature (25 °C). The average enhancement factor of BC light absorption due to coating was estimated by comparing absorption coefficients at 781 nm for particles that with and without passing through the TD at 300 °C and was found to be 1.22. The largest enhancements (> 1.30) were observed under high absorption coefficient periods when the air mass was long-range transported from urban areas in China. Aerosol samples were also analyzed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. The morphological features and mixing states of soot-containing particles of four samples collected during the high absorption events were analyzed by comparing microphotographs before and after the evaporation of beam-sensitive materials by irradiation with a high-density electron beam. The majority of the soot in all samples was found as mixed particles with sulfate-containing spherules or as clusters of such spherules. For samples showing high enhancement (> 1.30) of BC light absorption, the TEM showed that the internally mixed soot-containing particles tended to have a more spherical shape and to be thickly coated. The SP2 measurements also suggested that the proportion of thickly coated soot was greater. Thus, the observed enhancement of BC light absorption was found to differ according to the mixing states and morphology of soot-containing particles. The enhancement of BC light absorption in our in situ measurements and its relation with individual features of soot-containing particles will be useful to evaluate direct radiative forcing in the downwind areas of large emission sources of BC.

scholarly journals Presence of Plebeia aff. flavocincta Nests in Urban Areas

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Marcia De Fatima Ribeiro ◽  
Tatiana Ayako Taura
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Vegetal Species

This study was performed in 2009, 2015 and 2018, at urban areas of Petrolina (state of Pernambuco) and Juazeiro (state of Bahia), at the São Francisco valley, Brazilian Northeast. Trees were identified and investigated for the presence of Plebeia aff. flavocincta nests, in three years: 2009, 2015 and 2018. Data on height at nest entrance (HNE), tree diameter at nest entrance (DNE) and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) were obtained. Trees containing nests were identified and geo-referenced. In Petrolina and Juazeiro, the percentage of bees nests in all checked trees was smaller in 2009 (3.94% and 0.56%) than in 2015 (1.92% and 5.26%) and in 2018 (21.21% and 3.66%). This increase (especially in Petrolina) suggests P. aff. flavocincta is well adapted to urban environments and food and/or nesting resources might be improved along the years. On the other hand, survival of nests was not high: only two nests found in 2009 survived up to 2018. Mortality of nests was mainly due to the cutting of trees. Simultaneously, according to observations, swarming probably occurs, what might have improved the number of nests observed in 2018. The vegetal species most used by the bees was Prosopis juliflora (84.38%). Considering all data, the HNE, DNE, and DHB varied among the cities and years, but the differences were not significant in most of the cases. In Juazeiro, two nests were found also in a wall and another one in a pipe showing the diversity of nesting habits of the species. It is remarkable that despite high levels of stress (caused by noise, pollution, and human interferences) these bees are able to survive and swarm at urban areas.

Heartwood durability of Dyera costulata, Neolamarckia cadamba and Khaya ivorensis trees from fast-growth plantations against subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roszaini Kadir ◽  
Khairul Masseat
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fast Growing Species

AbstractTo preserve natural forests, forest plantations with fast-growing species are promoted. In the present work, the heartwood durabilities ofDyera costulata,Neolamarckia cadambaandKhaya ivorensis, from both plantations and natural forests, have been tested in comparison with rubberwood in laboratory and above-ground tests against the subterranean termiteCoptotermes curvignathus. Both young trees from forest thinning and mature trees were tested. The results show that there is no significant difference in weight loss between planted trees and trees from a natural forest. The results were also compared with those of rubberwood.

scholarly journals Influences of mean top height definition and sampling method on errors of estimates in New Zealand’s forest plantations

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan G Mason
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Definition Of

Background: A study was undertaken of 51 stand inventories to compare two alternative mean top height (MTH) calculation methods prevalent in New Zealand, and to evaluate the consequences of creating height versus diameter at breast height (H-D) curves at a stand-level during inventories as opposed to fitting H-D curves at a plot-level. Methods: The dataset was separated into two groups; one with plots having less than 6 heights measured and one with more than 5 heights measured. MTH was calculated using all possible combinations of the two calculation methods and with H-D curves either at a stand-level or a plot-level. Graphs were prepared to compare the 4 alternative MTH estimation techniques for all plots. In addition standard deviations of MTH between plots were calculated within stands, and then these were compared for different MTH calculation methods using interleaved histograms and with a mixed effects analysis of variance. Results: Results showed that the two MTH calculation methods were almost identical so long as H-D curves were fitted at a plot-level, but they differed substantially when curves were fitted at a stand-level. In addition, fitting H-D curves at a stand-level reduced independence of samples, resulting in substantial decreases in estimated standard deviations in MTH within samples, thereby artificially reducing confidence intervals around sample estimates. Conclusions: Inventory estimates of MTH were found to depend on calculation method, and so a standard definition is required. In addition, H-D curves fitted at a stand level undermined the assumption that sampling units were independent, and thereby reduced estimated variation between plots by up to 69%, depending on MTH calculation method. Forest inventory procedures in New Zealand’s forest plantations should be redesigned to enable accurate definition of confidence intervals around sample estimates, and to facilitate the use of inventories for estimating variation in productivity across landscapes.

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